届高考英语一轮译林牛津练习题模块5 U3及答案.docx
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届高考英语一轮译林牛津练习题模块5U3及答案
2019(译林牛津)高考英语一轮练习题:
模块5U3及答案
一、阅读理解。
Pollution’sgreateffectsontheenvironmenthavebecomemoreobviousinrecentyears,leadingtoamovementtopromoteenergyefficiency(效率),lessrelianceonfossil(化石)fuels,andareductioninairandwaterpollution.Mostscientistsagreethatsuchchangesarenecessarytoprotectourenvironmentfromfurtherharm.
Theconstructionindustryconsumesalargequantityofenergyandresourcesandcreatesahugeamountofpollution.IntheUnitedStates,buildinganddevelopmentaccountfor39%ofthecountry’stotalenergyuse,12%oftotalwaterconsumption,68%oftotalelectricityconsumptionand38%ofcarbondioxideemissions(二氧化碳排放),accordingtotheEnvironmentProtectionAgency.
Greenbuildingsuselessenergy,water,createlesswaste,andarehealthiertolive,work,andgotoschoolinthanstandardbuildings.Buildersofgreenbuildingsusetechniquesthatuseresourcesmoreefficientlyduringtheentirebuildingcycle—construction,restoration,operation,maintenance(维护)anddemolition(拆毁)—thanthosewhoconstructmoreregularbuildings.
Theenvironmentalbenefitsofbuildinggreenincludetheprotectionofecosystems(生态系统)andbiodiversity,improvedairandwaterquality,lesswasteflowingintostreams,andtheprotectionofnaturalresources.Greenbuildingscanalsoresultinloweroperatingcostsbecausetheytypicallyuselessenergyandfewermaterialsandimproveindoorairquality,improvingthehealthofpeoplewholiveinsuchbuildings.
Theprocessofbuildinggreenincludestechnicalandartisticplanningwithnatureprotectioninmind.Buildingdesignsoftenreflectthesurroundingenvironmentandnaturalresourcesanduserenewablebuildingmaterialssuchasbambooandstraw.Inaddition,recycledresourcesfoundlocallyareusedforgreenbuildings,reducingthecostandairpollutionassociatedwithtransportingmaterialsoverlongdistances.
Carefulsiteselectionisimportanttominimize(最小化)humanimpactonthesurroundingenvironment.Forexample,placingastructureinanareathatallowsittotakeadvantageofcoolbreezes(微风)andsunlightcanreduceenergyuseandexpenses.Moreenergyandexpenseareneededforlargerbuildingsaswell,soitisimportanttobuildsmall.
Greenroofsareanotherfeatureofgreenhousesthatreduceenergyuseandcost.Theseroofsarepartlyorcompletelycoveredwithplants,whichhelpstokeepheatingandcoolingcosts,preventwaterrunningoffanddealwithpollutants.
Otherfeaturesofgreenbuildingsoftenincludeenergyandwaterconservation,recycling,andwastereduction.Inaddition,renewableenergysourcessuchassolarpower,hydropower(水能)andwindpowerareusedforheatandelectricity,whichgreatlyreducescostsanddecreasestheimpactontheenvironment.
1.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?
A.Thenecessityofpromotingenergyefficiency.
B.Theprocessofbuildinggreenbuildings.
C.Thebenefitsandfeaturesofgreenbuildings.
D.Greenbuildingseffectsontheenvironment.
2.Accordingtothetext,greenbuildingsrefertothebuildingsthat______.
A.producenowaste
B.onlyusecleanenergy
C.aremadeofrecycledmaterials
D.useenergyandresourcesmoreefficiently
3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaboutgreenbuildings?
A.Theyrelyonfossilfuelsandsolarpowerforheatandelectricity.
B.Smallbuildingsarelessefficientinenergyusethanlargerones.
C.Theecosystemhastobeconsideredwhenbuildingagreenbuilding.
D.Theyaredifficulttomaintainandthusneedmoreoperatingcosts.
4.Whyaregreenroofsused?
A.Theyfitthesurroundingenvironmentwell
B.Theyarecheaperthanotherkindsofroofs
C.Theycankeepnaturalwaterforuseineverydaylife
D.Theycanhelptocontrolthetemperatureinthebuildingwell
【文章大意】在本文中作者主要分析了greenbuilding的诸多好处和对环境的巨大的保护作用,呼吁人们多建设这样的绿色的建筑。
1.C【解析】主旨大意题。
本文第三段中Greenbuildingsuselessenergy,water,createlesswaste,andarehealthiertolive,work,orgotoschoolinthanstandardbuildings.Greenbuildingsuseresourcesmoreproperlyduringtheentirebuildingcyclethantraditionalbuilding.和倒数第二段第一句Greenroofsareanotherfeatureofgreenhousesthatreduceenergyuseandcost.倒数第一段第一句Otherfeaturesofgreenbuildingsoftenincludeenergyandwaterconservation,recycling,andwastereduction.可知本文主要讲述的是Greenbuildings的很多的好处和特征。
故C正确。
3.C【解析】推理判断题。
根据第四段第一句Theenvironmentalbenefitsofbuildinggreenincludetheprotectionofecosystems(生态系统)andbiodiversity,improvedairandwaterquality,lesswasteflowingintostreams,andtheprotectionofnaturalresources.由此可知,建造绿色建筑时必须考虑生态系统。
故选C。
4.D【解析】细节理解题。
根据倒数第二段Theseroofsarepartlyorcompletelycoveredwithplants,whichhelpstokeepheatingandcoolingcosts,preventwaterrunningoffanddealwithpollutants.可知,他们可以帮助控制大楼里的温度。
故选D。
二、单项填空。
1.Manyfarmerslefttheirfieldsandwenttobigcitieswiththe_______ofmakingmoneytosupporttheirfamily.
A.intentionB.determinationC.concernD.development
【答案】A
【解析】句意:
为了挣钱养家糊口,很多农民离开了他们的土地去往大城市。
withtheintentionof“为了,
以……为目的或意图”,符合句意。
determination决心,果断;concern担心,关心;development
发展。
2.NashwontheNobleMemorialPrizeinEconomicSciencesforhisworkongametheory.Hislifestorywas
_______intothemovieAbeautifulMindin2001.
A.adaptedB.adoptedC.adjustedD.accepted
【答案】A
【解析】句意:
纳什因其在博弈论上的贡献获得了诺贝尔经济科学纪念奖。
他的人生故事在2001年被改
编成电影《美丽心灵》。
adapt改编,适应;adopt采纳,收养;adjust调整,调节;accept接受。
故选A项。
3.Thefactoryneartheseasidewascloseddownasa(a)_______oftheterriblybadmanagementandfundshortage.
A.summaryB.consequenceC.conclusionD.effect
【答案】B
【解析】句意:
靠近海滨的这家工厂因为糟糕的经营管理和缺少资金而关闭。
summary概要;consequence
结果asaconsequenceof表示“由于;因为”;conclusion结论;effect效果,影响。
4.AsChina_______intoamarketeconomy,thegovernmentnolongerassignedjobs,foodorfreehousingtourban
residents.
A.transplantedB.transferredC.translatedD.transformed
【答案】D
【解析】transplanted移植;transferred转移;translated翻译;transformed转换。
句意:
随着中国转换成市
场经济,政府不再分配工作、食物或城市居民的免费住房。
5.Furthertoourtelephoneconversationthismorning,Iwouldliketo_______detailsoftheorderwhichwe
discussed.
A.expandB.confirmC.attachD.convince
【答案】B
【解析】句意:
关于上午的电话交谈,我想进一步确认我们讨论的这批订单的细节。
由句意可知,选confirm,
意为“确认,确定,证实,批准”;expand扩张,使膨胀,详述;attach使依附,贴上,系上,
使依恋;convince说服,使相信。
6.—Whatdoyouthinkofthepoems?
—Theyarebeautifultoreadbut_______,theyarehardtounderstand.
A.inadditionB.ontheotherhandC.asaconsequenceD.inparticular
【答案】B
【解析】根据题意“读起来很美”及“很难理解”可知选B项。
ontheotherhand“另一方面”。
句意:
“你
认为这些诗歌怎么样啊?
”“它们读起来很美,但是另一方面却很难理解。
”
7.He_______hisplanfordroppingoutoftheuniversityregardlessofhisparents’opposition.
A.pushedalongB.pushedaheadwithC.pushedforD.pushedforward
【答案】B
【解析】句意:
他不顾父母的反对,毅然按照自己的计划从大学退学了。
pushaheadwith“义无反顾地进
行”,符合句意。
pushalong把……推向前;pushfor一再强烈要求;pushforward继续前进。
8.Exam-takers’“virtue”willbetakeninto_______inthefuturenationwidepublicservants’exam.
A.focusB.targetC.considerationD.contribution
【答案】C
【解析】句意:
在未来的全国公务员考试中将会考虑考试人员的“道德”因素。
take...intoconsideration“考
虑……,把……考虑在内”,符合句意。
focus焦点,中心;target目标,靶子;contribution贡献,
捐献,投稿。
9.Iamall_______tryingtofindwaystosavemoney,butwehavetomaintaincertainstandardsofquality.
A.infavourofB.inmemoryofC.inhonorofD.insearchof
【答案】A
【解析】句意:
我完全赞同尽力找到省钱的方法,但是我们必须维持一定的质量标准。
infavourof赞成,
支持;inmemoryof为纪念;inhonorof为了对……表示敬意;insearchof寻找。
10.Heinventedanewgame_______children,butitneverreally_______.
A.intendedfor;caughtonB.intendedto;countedon
C.for;caughtuponD.intendedto;caughton
【答案】A
【解析】(be)intendedfor为……而准备;(be)intendedtodosth打算做某事;catchon变得流行;catchupon
事后得到关于……的消息,赶完,对……有影响;counton指望,依靠,依赖,期望。
句意:
他
为孩子们发明了一种新的游戏,但它从来没有真正在流行起来。
11.The_______totheenvironmenthashelpedmanyanimalstoescapefromtheirenemiesandfitinwiththe
surroundings.
A.adaptationB.adoptionC.recreationD.foundation
【答案】A
【解析】adaptation改编,适应;adoption收养,采纳;recreation娱乐;foundation基础。
句意:
对环境的
适应帮助很多动物摆脱天敌、适应周围的环境。
12.Manyhouseswerecompletelydestroyedinthehurricanewhichstruckthearealastweek._______,thevictims
hadtoliveinthetemporarysheltersofferedbytheRedCross.
A.AsaresultofB.AsaconsequenceC.AsusualD.Asfor
【答案】B
【解析】asaresultof由于……的结果,of后须接宾语;asaconsequence=asaresult结果,因此;asusual
跟往常一样;asfor至于。
consequence指随之而发生的结果,而result指最后的结果。
句意:
许
多房屋被上周袭击这个地区的飓风给摧毁了。
结果,受害者不得不住在红十字会提供的临时避难
所里。
13.Itisimportantthatclimate-friendlytechnologiesshouldbe_______todevelopingcountriestohelpthembuild
greeneconomy.
A.transformedB.communicatedC.committedD.transferred
【答案】D
【解析】transfer“转移,转让,传递”,符合句意。
句意:
应该将一些环保型技术转让给发展中国家帮助
他们建立环保型的经济,这一点很重要。
transform改变;communicate交流;commit犯罪,承诺
做。
14.Thespokesman_______thatthepresidentwouldvisitChinanextweek,whichcleanedupalldoubts.
A.concludedB.advisedC.demandedD.confirmed
【答案】D
【解析】confirm确认;conclude结束;advise建议;demand要求。
句意:
新闻发言人确认了总统将于下
周访问中国,这消除了一切怀疑。
故只有D项符合题意。
15.Marty’sdisabilityis“oneinamillion”._______,therearenotmanypeopleintheworldlikehim.
A.InotherwordsB.AllinallC.ForonethingD.Ontheotherhand
【答案】A
【解析】句意:
Marty的障碍是“一百万分之一”。
换句话说,世界上不是很多人都像他那样。
inother
words“换句话说”,符合句意。
三、完形填空。
Overthelast15years,asadoctor,Ihavehadheart-to-heartconversationswithcountlesspatientsneartheendoftheirlives.Themostcommonemotiontheyexpressis 1 .Andthat’s 2 Icameupwithaprojecttoencouragepeopletowritea 3 totheirlovedones.It’salessonIlearnedyearsagofromamemorable 4 patient.
Hewasaretired 5 withacancer.Everyday,his 6 spentmanyhourswatchinghimwatchtelevision.Sheexplainedtomehe