情态动词讲义及答案.docx
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情态动词讲义及答案
情态动词（讲义）
一、can||，could||，may||，might表示请求许可
1.区别
CanItakethebookaway?
CouldItakethebookaway?
MayItakethebookaway?
MightItakethebookaway?
语气的委婉程度从高到低为can||，could||，may||，might。
2.can||，could||，may||，might表示请求许可时的回答。
—Canyougivemeanotherchance?
—Yes||，Ican.No||，Ican’t.
—CouldIlookatyourpictures?
—Yes||，ofcourseyou./—Iamsorryyou.
用could提问||，表示“能„„吗？
”||，若表示同意用can||，不同意用can’t||，注意不用could来回答。
—MayIspeaktoyouforamomentinprivate||，please?
May表示请求许可时||，常常与第一人称I连用||，构成“MayI…?
”句式||，表示“我可以„„吗？
”
肯定回答用Yes||，youmay./Yes||，please./Yes||，ofcourse.
否定回答用No||，youcan’t./No||，youmustn’t.（）—MayIsmokehere?
—||，you.Itcanbedangerous.
A.Yes||；canB.No||；can’tC.Yes||；mayD.No||；needn’tMightIcomein?
MightIborrowsomemoney?
might用于礼貌的询问是否能做某事||，常出现在口语中||，用法稍显过时。
肯定回答通常用may||，否定回答可以用can’t或者mustn’t。
练习：
（）—CanIgetyouadrink?
—.Iamnotthirsty.
A.That’sveryniceofyouB.No||，youdon’thaveto
C.Yes||，pleaseD.Withpleasure
（）—MayIleavetheclassroomnow?
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—No||，you.Youshouldn’tleaveuntilthebellrings.
A.maynotB.can’tC.needn’tD.couldn’t
（）—youpassmeapen?
I’dliketowritedownthetelephonenumber.
A.NeedB.CouldC.MustD.Should（）—CouldIuseyoureraserforawhile?
—Yes||，ofcourseyou.
A.couldB.willC.canD.should
二、情态动词和短语情态动词
1.情态动词
need
Thelittlegirlneedstogetsomesleep.
Ineededtwomoredaystofinishthework.Doyouneedtohavesomecoffee?
need作实义动词||，有人称||，时态的变化。
接动词时||，用动词不定
式。
—NeedIcomeherebeforeeighttomorrowmorning?
—No||，youneedn’t.
need作情态动词时||，常用于否定句和疑问句中。
判断下列句子中的need属于实义动词还是情态动词
Tomneedstohavearestafteraday’sworking.
NeedIpaythedishesnow?
Hedidn’tneedtogothehospital.Heneedn’thavegonetohospital—heonlyhadacold.darev.敢于
Iwouldneverdaretostealthingsfromstores.DoyoudaretotellherwhatIsaid?
Ididn’tdaretolookathim.
Idaren’ttellmymotherthetruth.
dare可以做实义动词||，后面接动词不定式（口语中to可以省略）也可做情态动词||，常用于否定句和疑问句。
shall
Weshallbeawaynextweek.
IshallbeinHenannextFriday.
I/weshall||，用于表示未来要做的事。
ShallIopenthewindow?
Shallwemeetatsix||，OK?
WhatshallImakefordinner?
shallI/we||，„„好吗？
要不要„„？
用于提建议或要求他人做请补充完整下面的对话
A:
Howcanwegothere?
B:
Wecangotherebybus.
A:
Howlongwillittakeustogetthere?
B:
Abouthalfanhour.
A:
?
B:
Let’smeetatthebusstopat7o’clock.
2.短语情态动词
haveto“不得不”||，使用时有人称和时态的变化。
Mybrotherhastoeataneggeveryday.
Youdon’thavetobeheretomorrow.
hadbetter“最好”
Youhadbetterstayathometomorrow||，foritwillrainheavily.Tinahadbetternotputofftheplanbecauseitisveryimportant.否定形式为hadbetternot
wouldrather“宁愿”
Iwouldrathergotherewithyou.
我宁愿不去电影院。
Iwouldrathernotgotothecinema.否定形式为wouldrathernotoughtto
1）表义务||，意为"应该"（因责任、义务等该做）||，口气比should
稍重。
Youarehisfather.Yououghttotakecareofhim.Yououghtnottosmokesomuch.
2）表推测||，暗含很大的可能||，语气较弱||，可翻译为“应该„„
吧”。
HanMeioughttoknowhistelephonenumber.
There’safinesunset||；itoughttobeafinedaytomorrow.
三、情态动词加完成时
1.情态动词表示对现在情况的推测
It’sjustfiveo’clock.Marymustbestayingonbednow.
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肯定推测
Thatcan’tbeTom.HewenttoBeijingyesterday.
否定推测
Hemay/mightbeinChinanow.
可能性推测
2.情态动词表示对过去情况的推测
musthavedone
HemusthavearrivedinHenanatthattime.
Lucymusthavefinishedthebookbeforeshereturnedit.
昨晚一定有人进来这个房间了。
Somebodyintheroomlastnight.
musthavedone对过去的肯定推测||，翻译为“一定„„了”。
can’thavedone
MissLican’thavegonetoShanghai.Imetheryesterday.
Hecan’thavedonethatbecausehestayedwithmeatthattime.
can’thavedone||，对过去的否定推测||，翻译为“不可能做了„„”。
Jimmy不可能打扫了房子||，因为他昨天就不在家。
Jimmycan’thavecleanedupthehousebecausehewasnotathomeyesterday.
3.情态动词表示对过去情况的虚拟
shouldhavedone
Tom||，youaretoolazy.Theworkshouldhavebeenfinishedyesterda.Youshouldhavetoldmeaboutitearlier.
Myfathershouldhavegothomeatsevenbuthiscarbrokeoffontheway.
shouldhavedone翻译为“本应该„„了（但实际没有）”（也可
用oughttohavedone）
我本就应该知道他是在骗我的。
Ithathewaslyingtome.
needn’thavedone
Youneedn’thavedoneitbyyourself.Youcouldaskothersforhelp.Mymomneedn’thavetoldmethesewords.Iknewhowtodoit.
Ineedn'thaveboughtsomuchfood—onlyfivepeoplecame.needn’thavedone翻译为“本不应该做„„（实际做了）”。
couldhavedone
Youcouldhavegothigherscores.
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Icouldhavebeenthereyesterday||，butImetTomontheway.
couldhavedone“本能够„„”（实际未能做某事）
练习：
（）Thegroundiswet.Ithaverainedlastnight.
A.can’tB.needn’tC.shouldD.must
（）Mr.SmithhavegonetoBeijing||，forIsawhiminthelibraryjustnow.
A.mustB.needn’tC.can’tD.should
（）Theyhavefinishedtheworkyesterday||，butitwasraininghard.
A.mustB.couldC.shouldD.needn’t
（）Ihaveboughtsomuchwine—onlyfivepeoplecame.
A.couldB.mustC.needn’tD.should
四、情态动词考点总结
1.常考点：
通过语境分析说话人语气||，选用最合适的情态动词
（）Lookout!
Theknifeisverysharp.Youcutyourfinger.
A.needB.mustC.shouldD.may（）InordertospeakEnglishbetter||，we_beafraidoflosing
face.Remember||，practicemakesperfect.
A.shouldB.shouldn’tC.havetoD.must（）Youstopwhenthetrafficlightturnsred.
A.canB.hadbetterC.needD.must（）There’senoughtimeforyoutogototheairport.You
hurrynow.
A.shouldB.needn’tC.mustD.can’t
2.常考点：
情态动词与一般现在时连用||，表示对现在的推测。
（）—IsMr.Huinthereadingroom?
—No||，hebethere.HehasgonetoTianjin.
A.mustn’tB.needn’tC.won’tD.can’t（）ThisbookLucy’s.look!
Hernameisonthebook
cover.
A.mustbeB.maybe
C.can’tbeD.mustn’tbe
（）—ThispairofshoesbelongtoJack.Helikesthiskindverymuch.
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—Itbehis.It’stoolargeforhim.
A.can||；can’tB.may||；needn’t
C.must||；mustn’tD.must||；can’t
3.常考点：
mustn’t与must问句的回答
（）Accordingtothetrafficlaws||，people_driveafterdrinkingwineorbeer.
A.wouldn’tB.couldn’t
C.needn’tD.mustn’t（）—Mustweleavenow?
—No||，we.Westillhavetwomorehours.
A.can’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.shouldn’t（）—MissLi||，mustwehandinourhomeworkrightnow?
—No||，you.Youcanhandinittomorrow.
A.don’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.maynot（）Tom||，you_playwiththeknife.Youhurt
yourself.
A.won’t||；can’tB.mustn’t||；may
C.shouldn’t||；mustD.can’t||；should
4.常考点：
can||，could||，may||，might表请求许可时的回答。
（）—MayIleavenow?
—No||，you.Youshouldwaithereuntillunchtime.
A.can’tB.needn’tC.couldn’tD.won’t（）—CouldIhaveanothercandy||，mom?
—No||，you.It’sbadforyourteeth.
A.couldn’tB.needn’tC.can’tD.shouldn’t
Exercises
一、单项选择
（）1.—CanIborrowyourruler||，please?
—Yes||，you_.Butyoumustreturnitbeforelunchtime.
A.haveB.canC.mustD.usedto
（）2.youwaitafewmoreminutes?
It’llbeyourturnsoon.
A.MustB.ShouldC.CouldD.Might（）3.—Itryontheseshoesinthewindow?
—.Theyarejustonshow.6
A.Could||；Yes||，youcanB.Can||；Sorry||，youcouldn’t
C.Could||；Sorry||，youcan’tD.Can||；Yes||，youcould
（）4.—Amy||，Ihearyou’vegotmanyforeigncoins.Ihavealook?
—Ofcourse||，I’llfetchthemforyou.
A.MayB.MustC.ShouldD.Need（）5.—MayIsmokehere?
—I’msorryyou.Itisdangeroustosmokeatgasstation.
A.needn’tB.couldn’tC.shouldn’tD.mustn’t
（）6.LisaisalittlepooratChinese.Ithinksheneedsiteveryday.
A.practicetospeakB.topracticespeaking
C.practicespeakingD.topracticetospeak（）7.—Shallwetakeataxi?
—No||，we.It’snotfarfromhere.
A.can’tB.mustn’tC.shouldn’tD.needn’t
（）8.—Whatdoyouwanttoeatforlunch?
Iwillprepareearliertoday.
—Honey||，you.Let’sgoouttohavesomethingdifferent.
A.mustn’tB.can’t
C.shouldn’tD.don’thaveto
（）9.It’sratherhotintheroom.You’dbetterthewindowsorthedoor.
A.closeB.nottoclose
C.don’tcloseD.notclose
（）10.Thestudentsoughttowearschooluniformswhenthey’reatschool.划线部分可以替换为：
A.mustB.wouldliketoC.shouldD.loveto
（）11.Harryhavewonthespeechcontesteasilyyesterday||，buthegaveup.
A.couldB.mightC.shouldD.must
（）12.Theweatherwasfineyesterday.I__myumbrellawithme.
A.shouldhavetaken
C.needn'thavetakenD.mustn'thavetaken（）13.Ididn’thearthephone.Iasleep.
A.mustbeB.musthavebeen
C.shouldbeD.shouldhavebeen（）14.Heisnotpoor.Youhavelenthimthemoney.
A.can’tB.needn’tC.couldn’tD.mustn’t
（）15.Ihereintime||，butImetanoldfriendofmine.Istoppedandtalkedwithhimforsometime.
A.shouldn’thavecomeB.musthavecome
C.needn’thavecomeD.couldhavecome
（）16.Ididn’tseeherinthemeetingroomthismorning.She
atthemeeting.
A.mustn’thavespokenB.mightn’thavespoken
C.can’thavespokenD.shouldn’thavespoken（）17.—Canyougoswimmingwithusthisafternoon?
—Sorry||，Ican’t.Itakecareofmylittlesisterathome.
A.canB.mayC.wouldD.haveto（）18.—Whatwilltheweatherbeliketomorrow?
—Itberainy||，cloudyorsunny.Whoknows?
A.mustB.mightC.shallD.should（）19.—Howwasthepartylastnight||，Mark?
—Itwasgreat.Youcome.
A.mustB.canC.shouldD.may（）20.—Willyoustayforsomemoredays?
—Sorry||，I.Mymothercalledtoaskmetogobackatonce.
A.mustn’tB.maynotC.can’tD.wouldn’t（）21.—Goodmorning.I’vegotanappointmentwithMr.King
inhisoffice.
—Morning.YoubeMr.Jones.Thisway||，please.
A.willB.mustC.canD.might（）22.ThisdictionaryTom’s.ThereisAnn’snameonit.
A.mightbeB.maybeC.mustbeD.can’tbe
（）23.—Lookatthesign!
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—Oh|
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