DG9RMAN全备和增量备shell脚本+windows下脚本.docx
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DG9RMAN全备和增量备shell脚本+windows下脚本
一． 一些准备知识
使用RMAN 备份分catalog 和nocatalog，就是是否使用恢复目录，如果不使用恢复目录，那么就是用control file作为catalog，每一次备份都要往控制文件里面写好多备份信息，控制文件里面会有越来越多的备份信息。
因此，当使用rman nocatalog方式备份时，备份controlfile是非常重要的。
如果使用catalog模式，就需要句需要创建catalog目录。
当库比较多时，使用catalog也是比较方便的。
具体参考：
RMAN Catalog 和 Nocatalog 的区别
RMAN的备份也分两种，一种是全备，另一种增量备份。
全备适用与数据库比较小的情况，如果库大的话就需要使用增量备份了，因为这样能减少备份的时间。
Window 下的备份脚本，参考Blog：
Windows下RMAN备份脚本
关于控制文件对于RMAN的重要性，可以参考下面blog中的第四节：
RMAN 系列
（一）---- RMAN 体系结构概述
修改控制文件的保存时间，从默认的7天改成14天
SQL> show parameter control
SQL> alter system set control_file_record_keep_time=14 scope=both;
开启控制文件的自动备份，开启之后在数据库备份或者数据文件（比如添加数据文件）有修改的时候都会自动备份控制文件和spfile文件。
Configure controlfile autobackup on;
当数据库兼容性设置为大于等于10.0.0时，尽管在没有0级备份情况做1级的增量备份实际上是一个全备，但是这个全备也是1级的，不能用作1级积累增量备份的基础备份，这个是在设计备份策略的时候要注意的问题。
二． 全备脚本
以 nocatalog 模式为例：
Shell 脚本：
########################################################################
## hot_database_backup.sh ##
## created by Tianlesoftware ##
## 2010-7-16 ##
#########################################################################
#!
/bin/sh
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Determine the user which is executing this script.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
CUSER=`id |cut -d"（" -f2 | cut -d "）" -f1`
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Put output in .out. Change as desired.
# Note:
output directory requires write permission.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
RMAN_LOG_FILE=${0}.out
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# You may want to delete the output file so that backup information does
# not accumulate. If not, delete the following lines.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
if [ -f "$RMAN_LOG_FILE" ]
then
rm -f "$RMAN_LOG_FILE"
fi
# -----------------------------------------------------------------
# Initialize the log file.
# -----------------------------------------------------------------
echo >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
chmod 666 $RMAN_LOG_FILE
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Log the start of this script.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
echo Script $0 >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
echo ==== started on `date` ==== >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
echo >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Oracle home path.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
export ORACLE_HOME
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# the Oracle SID of the target database.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ORACLE_SID=orcl
export ORACLE_SID
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The Oracle DBA user id （account）.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ORACLE_USER=oracle
export ORACLE_USER
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Set the Oracle Recovery Manager name.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
RMAN=$ORACLE_HOME/bin/rman
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Print out the value of the variables set by this script.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
echo >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
echo "RMAN:
$RMAN" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
echo "ORACLE_SID:
$ORACLE_SID" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
echo "ORACLE_USER:
$ORACLE_USER" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
echo "ORACLE_HOME:
$ORACLE_HOME" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Print out the value of the variables set by bphdb.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
#echo >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
#echo "NB_ORA_FULL:
$NB_ORA_FULL" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
#echo "NB_ORA_INCR:
$NB_ORA_INCR" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
#echo "NB_ORA_CINC:
$NB_ORA_CINC" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
#echo "NB_ORA_SERV:
$NB_ORA_SERV" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
#echo "NB_ORA_POLICY:
$NB_ORA_POLICY" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# NOTE:
This script assumes that the database is properly opened. If desired,
# this would be the place to verify that.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
echo >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Call Recovery Manager to initiate the backup.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
CMD_STR="
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_HOME
export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID=$ORACLE_SID
export ORACLE_SID
$RMAN nocatalog target sys/admin msglog $RMAN_LOG_FILE append << EOF
RUN {
allocate channel c1 type disk;
allocate channel c2 type disk;
BACKUP FORMAT '/u01/backup/orcl_%U_%T' skip inaccessible filesperset 5 DATABASE TAG orcl_hot_db_bk;
sql 'alter system archive log current';
BACKUP FORMAT '/u01/backup/arch_%U_%T' skip inaccessible filesperset 5 ARCHIVELOG ALL DELETE INPUT;
backup current controlfile tag='bak_ctlfile' format='/u01/backup/ctl_file_%U_%T';
backup spfile tag='spfile' format='/u01/backup/ORCL_spfile_%U_%T';
release channel c2;
release channel c1;
}
report obsolete;
delete noprompt obsolete;
crosscheck backup;
delete noprompt expired backup;
list backup summary;
#EOF
"
# Initiate the command string
if [ "$CUSER" = "root" ]
then
echo "Root Command String:
$CMD_STR" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$CMD_STR" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
RSTAT=$?
else
echo "User Command String:
$CMD_STR" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
/bin/sh -c "$CMD_STR" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
RSTAT=$?
fi
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Log the completion of this script.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
if [ "$RSTAT" = "0" ]
then
LOGMSG="ended successfully"
else
LOGMSG="ended in error"
fi
echo >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
echo Script $0 >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
echo ==== $LOGMSG on `date` ==== >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
echo >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
/bin/mailx -s "RMAN Backup SID " daimm@sf- < $RMAN_LOG_FILE
exit $RSTAT
三． 增量备份
以catalog模式为例：
在存放catalog的实例上创建catalog 目录：
1.创建Catalog所需要的表空间
SQL>create tablespace catalog_ts datafile 'D:
/APP/ADMINISTRATOR/ORADATA/ORCL/catalog_ts1.dbf' size 20M;
2.创建RMAN用户并授权
SQL>create user catalog identified by catalog default tablespace catalog_ts;
SQL>grant recovery_catalog_owner to catalog;
查看角色所拥有的权限:
select * from dba_sys_privs where grantee='RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER';
3.创建恢复目录
[oracle@db1 scripts]$ rman target / catalog catalog/catalog@catalog1;
Recovery Manager:
Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu Jul 15 12:
03:
16 2010
Copyright （c） 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database:
ORCL （DBID=1248423599）
connected to recovery catalog database
RMAN> create catalog tablespace catalog_ts;
recovery catalog created
如果此处报错：
ORACLE error from recovery catalog database:
ORA-00955:
name is already used by an existing object
可以用命令删除catalog，在创建：
RMAN> drop catalog;
recovery catalog owner is CATALOG
enter DROP CATALOG command again to confirm catalog removal
RMAN> drop catalog
recovery catalog dropped
RMAN> register database;
database registered in recovery catalog
starting full resync of recovery catalog
full resync complete
RMAN>
差异备份有3个级别：
0级：
相当于全备，不同的是0级可用于增量备份，全备不行。
1级：
备份自上次0级备份以来的数据
2级：
备份自上次备份以来的数据
脚本的增量备份策略：
周日0级备份，周四1级备份，其他2级备份
Shell 脚本：
########################################################################
## incremental_hot_database_backup.sh ##
## created by Tianlesoftware ##
## 2010-7-16 ##
#########################################################################
#!
/bin/ksh
export LANG=en_US
BACKUP_DATE=`date +%d`
RMAN_LOG_FILE=${0}.out
TODAY=`date`
USER=`id|cut -d "（" -f2|cut -d "）" -f1`
echo "-----------------$TODAY-------------------">$RMAN_LOG_FILE
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
export ORACLE_HOME
RMAN=$ORACLE_HOME/bin/rman
export RMAN
ORACLE_SID=orcl
export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_USER=oracle
export ORACLE_USER
echo "ORACLE_SID:
$ORACLE_SID">>$RMAN_LOG_FILE
echo "ORACLE_HOME:
$ORACLE_HOME">>$RMAN_LOG_FILE
echo "ORACLE_USER:
$ORACLE_USER">>$RMAN_LOG_FILE
echo "==========================================">>$RMAN_LOG_FILE
echo "BACKUP DATABASE BEGIN......">>$RMAN_LOG_FILE
echo " ">>$RMAN_LOG_FILE
chmod 666 $RMAN_LOG_FILE
WEEK_DAILY=`date +%a`
case "$WEEK_DAILY" in
"Mon"）
BAK_LEVEL=2
;;
"Tue"）
BAK_LEVEL=2
;;
"Wed"）
BAK_LEVEL=2
;;
"Thu"）
BAK_LEVEL=1
;;
"Fri"）
BAK_LEVEL=2
;;
"Sat"）
BAK_LEVEL=2
;;
"Sun"）
BAK_LEVEL=0
;;
"*"）
BAK_LEVEL=error
esac
export BAK_LEVEL=$BAK
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