考研英语二真题及答案.docx

考研英语二真题及答案.docx

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考研英语二真题及答案

2013全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二试题

MBA,MPA,MPAcc专业硕士统一考试

SectionIUseofEnglish

　　Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.（10points）（本题答案在题号后）

　　Giventheadvantageofelectronicmoney,youmightthinkthatweshouldmovequicklytothecashlesssocietyinwhichallpaymentsaremadeelectronically._1However,atruecashlesssocietyisprobablynotaroundthecorner.Indeed,predictionshavebeen2around_fortwodecadesbuthavenotyetcometofruition.

　　Forexample,BusinessWeekpredictedin1975thatelectronicmeansofpayment“wouldsoonrevolutionizethevery3.conceptofmoneyitself,”onlyto4.reverseitselfseveralyearslater.Whyhasthemovementtoacashlesssocietybeenso5.slowincoming?

　　Althoughe-moneymightbemoreconvenientandmaybemoreefficientthanapaymentssystembasedonpaper,severalfactorswork6.againstthedisappearanceofthepapersystem.First,itisvery7.expensivetosetupthecomputer,cardreader,andtelecommunicationsnetworksnecessarytomakeelectronicmoneythe8.dominantformofpayment.

　　Second,electronicmeansofpayment14.raisesecurityandprivacyconcerns.Weoftenhearmediareportsthatanunauthorizedhackerhasbeenabletoaccessacomputerdatabaseandtoalterinformation15.storedthere.

　　Becausethisisnotan16.uncommonoccurrence,unscrupulouspersonsmightbeabletoaccessbankaccountsinelectronicpaymentssystemsand17.stealfundsbymovingthemfromsomeoneelse’saccountsintotheirown.The18.preventionofthistypeoffraudisnoeasytask,andawholenewfieldofcomputersciencehasdevelopedto19.copewithsecurityissues.Afurtherconcernisthattheuseofelectronicmeansofpaymentleavesanelectronic20.trailthatcontainsalargeamountofpersonaldataonbuyinghabits.

　　1.[A]However[B]Moreover[C]Therefore[D]Otherwise

　　2.[A]off[B]back[C]over[D]around

　　3.[A]power[B]concept[C]history[D]role

　　4.[A]reward[B]resist[C]resume[D]reverse

　　5.[A]silent[B]sudden[C]slow[D]steady

　　6.[A]for[B]against[C]with[D]on

　　7.[A]imaginative[B]expensive[C]sensitive[D]productive

　　8.[A]similar[B]original[C]temporary[D]dominant

　　9.[A]collect[B]provide[C]copy[D]print

　　10.[A]giveup[B]takeover[C]bringback[D]passdown

　　11.[A]before[B]after[C]since[D]when

　　12.[A]kept[B]borrowed[C]released[D]withdrawn

　　13.[A]Unless[B]Until[C]Because[D]Though

　　14.[A]hide[B]express[C]raise[D]ease

　　15.[A]analyzed[B]shared[C]stored[D]displayed

　　16.[A]unsafe[B]unnatural[C]uncommon[D]unclear

17.[A]steal[B]choose[C]benefit[D]return

　　18.[A]consideration[B]prevention[C]manipulation[D]justification

　　19.[A]copewith[B]fightagainst[C]adaptto[D]callfor

　　20.[A]chunk[B]chip[C]path[D]trail

　　SectionIIReadingComprehension

　　PartA

　　Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

　　Text1

　　Inanessay,entitled“MakingItinAmerica,”inthelatestissueofTheAtlantic,theauthorAdamDavidsonrelatesajokefromcottoncountryaboutjusthowmuchamoderntextilemillhasbeenautomated:

Theaveragemillhasonlytwoemployeestoday,“amanandadog.Themanistheretofeedthedog,andthedogistheretokeepthemanawayfromthemachines.”

　　Davidson’sarticleisoneofanumberofpiecesthathaverecentlyappearedmakingthepointthatthereasonwehavesuchstubbornlyhighunemploymentandsaggingmiddle-classincomestodayislargelybecauseofthebigdropindemandbecauseoftheGreatRecession,butitisalsobecauseofthequantumadvancesinbothglobalizationandtheinformationtechnologyrevolution,whicharemorerapidlythaneverreplacinglaborwithmachinesorforeignworkers.

　　Inthepast,workerswithaverageskills,doinganaveragejob,couldearnanaveragelifestyle.But,today,averageisofficiallyover.Beingaveragejustwon’tearnyouwhatitusedto.Itcan’twhensomanymoreemployershavesomuchmoreaccesstosomuchmoreaboveaveragecheapforeignlabor,cheaprobotics,cheapsoftware,cheapautomationandcheapgenius.Therefore,everyoneneedstofindtheirextra—theiruniquevaluecontributionthatmakesthemstandoutinwhateveristheirfieldofemployment.Averageisover.

　　Yes,newtechnologyhasbeeneatingjobsforever,andalwayswill.Astheysay,ifhorsescouldhavevoted,thereneverwouldhavebeencars.Butthere’sbeenanacceleration.AsDavidsonnotes,“Inthe10yearsendingin2009,[U.S.]factoriesshedworkerssofastthattheyerasedalmostallthegainsoftheprevious70years;roughlyoneoutofeverythreemanufacturingjobs—about6millionintotal—disappeared.”

WhattheiPadwon’tdoinanaboveaveragewayaChineseworkerwill.ConsiderthisparagraphfromSunday’sterrificarticleinTheTimesbyCharlesDuhiggandKeithBradsheraboutwhyAppledoessomuchofitsmanufacturinginChina:

“ApplehadredesignedtheiPhone’sscreenatthelastminute,forcinganassembly-lineoverhaul.Newscreensbeganarrivingatthe[Chinese]plantnearmidnight.Aforemanimmediatelyroused8,000workersinsidethecompany’sdormitories,accordingtotheexecutive.Eachemployeewasgivenabiscuitandacupoftea,guidedtoaworkstationandwithinhalfanhourstarteda12-hourshiftfittingglassscreensintobeveledframes.Within96hours,theplantwasproducingover10,000iPhonesaday.‘Thespeedandflexibilityisbreathtaking,’theexecutivesaid.‘There’snoAmericanplantthatcanmatchthat.’”

　　Andautomationisnotjustcomingtomanufacturing,explainsCurtisCarlson,thechiefexecutiveofSRIInternational,aSiliconValleyidealabthatinventedtheAppleiPhoneprogramknownasSiri,thedigitalpersonalassistant.“Siriisthebeginningofahugetransformationinhowweinteractwithbanks,insurancecompanies,retailstores,healthcareproviders,informationretrievalservicesandproductservices.”

　　Therewillalwaysbechange—newjobs,newproducts,newservices.ButtheonethingweknowforsureisthatwitheachadvanceinglobalizationandtheI.T.revolution,thebestjobswillrequireworkerstohavemoreandbettereducationtomakethemselvesaboveaverage.HerearethelatestunemploymentratesfromtheBureauofLaborStatisticsforAmericansover25yearsold:

thosewithlessthanahighschooldegree,13.8percent;thosewithahighschooldegreeandnocollege,8.7percent;thosewithsomecollegeorassociatedegree,7.7percent;andthosewithbachelor’sdegreeorhigher,4.1percent.

　　Inaworldwhereaverageisofficiallyover,therearemanythingsweneedtodotobuttressemployment,butnothingwouldbemoreimportantthanpassingsomekindofG.I.Billforthe21stcenturythatensuresthateveryAmericanhasaccesstopost-highschooleducation.

　　21.ThejokeinParagraph1isusedtoillustrate_______

　　[A]theimpactoftechnologicaladvances

　　[B]thealleviationofjobpressure

　　[C]theshrinkageoftextilemills

　　[D]thedeclineofmiddle-classincomes

　　22.AccordingtoParagraph3,tobeasuccessfulemployee,onehasto______

　　[A]workoncheapsoftware

　　[B]askforamoderatesalary

　　[C]adoptanaveragelifestyle

　　[D]contributesomethingunique

　　23.ThequotationinParagraph4explainsthat______

　　[A]gainsoftechnologyhavebeenerased

　　[B]jobopportunitiesaredisappearingatahighspeed

[C]factoriesaremakingmuchlessmoneythanbefore

　　[D]newjobsandserviceshavebeenoffered

　　24.Accordingtotheauthor,toreduceunemployment,themostimportantis_____

　　[A]toacceleratetheI.T.revolution

　　[B]toensuremoreeducationforpeople

　　[C]roadvanceeconomicglobalization

　　[D]topassmorebillsinthe21stcentury

　　25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthetext?

　　[A]NewLawTakesEffect

　　[B]TechnologyGoesCheap

　　[C]AverageIsOver

　　[D]RecessionIsBad

　　Text2

　　Imagineanewimmigrationpolicy

　　Acenturyago,theimmigrantsfromacrosstheAtlanticincludedsettlersandsojourners.AlongwiththemanyfolkslookingtomakeapermanenthomeintheUnitedStatescamethosewhohadnointentiontostay,andwhowouldmakesomemoneyandthengohome.Between1908and1915,about7millionpeoplearrivedwhileabout2milliondeparted.AboutaquarterofallItalianimmigrants,forexample,eventuallyreturnedtoItalyforgood.Theyevenhadanaffectionatenickname,"uccellidipassaggio,"birdsofpassage.

　　Today,wearemuchmorerigidaboutimmigrants.Wedividenewcomersintotwocategories:

legalorillegal,goodorbad.WehailthemasAmericansinthemaking,orbrandthemasaliensfitfordeportation.Thatframeworkhascontributedmightilytoourbrokenimmigrationsystemandthelongpoliticalparalysisoverhowtofixit.

　　Wedon'tneedmorecategories,butweneedtochangethewaywethinkaboutcategories.Weneedtolookbeyondstrictdefinitionsoflegalandillegal.Tostart,wecanrecognizethenewbirdsofpassage,thoselivingandthrivinginthegrayareas.Wemightthenbegintosolveourimmigrationchallenges.

　　Croppickers,violinists,constructionworkers,entrepreneurs,engineers,homehealth-careaidesandparticlephysicistsareamongtoday'sbirdsofpassage.Theyareenergeticparticipantsinaglobaleconomydrivenbytheflowofwork,moneyandideas.Theyprefertocomeandgoasopportunitycallsthem.Theycanmanagetohaveajobinoneplaceandafamilyinanother.

　　Withorwithoutpermission,theystraddlelaws,jurisdictionsandidentitieswithease.Weneedthemtoim