英语四六级阅读材料.docx
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英语四六级阅读材料
如今金融危机席卷全球，市场运作犹未成功的NBA也未能躲过它的侵袭。
一向财大气粗，吃喝不愁的湖人也倍感无奈，光圣诞大战的门票收入就让人大跌眼镜。
在这关键时刻，大为斯特恩明确表示，球员的年薪要削减，这也许会引发球员新的一轮的劳资纠纷？
NBA曾经发生过一场类似海啸般的经济纠纷，这就是NBA９８-９９劳资纠纷，他持续时间久，作用力强，影响深远。
飞人乔丹在爵士主场完成最后的绝杀预示着一个时代的谢幕，NBA离开了乔丹时代，联盟面临着各方面新的危机，没想到这一天竟来得如此之快。
媒体和球迷陷入了深深的感伤，大叹NBA后乔丹时代没有鲜亮的暗淡，在这种背景下一些自诩乔丹接班人的呼声一浪高过一浪，其实在现在我们看来那些球员只是拥有一些华而不实的招牌动作而没有真实的水准，从１９９９年的水货状元奥拉沃坎迪，再到２０００年整个的破铜烂铁一代都可见一斑。
此类球员进入联盟后大侃与之匹配的薪水标准，老板的过于怂恿也在某种程度上助长了球员们的贪欲。
１９９８年加内特签得６年１.２６亿的合同，垂涎三尺的球员们继而点燃了导火索。
敏锐的斯特恩感觉到了这一切，决定抑制联盟不断上涨的薪金总额势头，可是似乎一种可怕的阴霾笼罩他的心头。
他说道，NBA球员的薪水已经高于一般国民甚多，球员们不能要求太高！
同时他处于多方面考虑拒绝高中球员进入联盟，这一切的提议引起了当时以尤因为首的球员工会的强烈不满，他们拒绝在合同上签字，并且组织罢工，继而球员们纷纷响应。
其实NBA劳资洽谈每七年一次，每年都有不同程度的纠纷，只不过这一次达到了总的爆发！
随着各方开始拉锯，球队高层，球员，ＮＢＡ总部都在各自寻求新的突破。
其中NBA具有最重要的决策权，联盟总裁斯特恩苦于奔波，双鬓间白发疯长成了那段不堪岁月的注脚。
起初NBA罢工后宣布取消常规赛，关闭训练营，停办全明星，但在球员们执意抗衡的情况下，双方在一定程度上达成了协议，NBA提高了工资帽，到191天后达成了300多页的协议，204天后恢复比赛。
通过这次纠纷，球员们得到了更少比赛的赛季而获得了更多的年薪，无明星赛的赛季显然大打折扣，球迷热情不足，就连也对马刺的意外夺冠不以为然。
NBA在此赛季损失１０亿美元，不过大的历史变革后就会出现新的时代格局，在此之后，NBA产生了超级球员，轰轰烈烈的造星运动拉开了新的一幕，最大上限和最低下限的出台扭转了球员薪水的过大差距，从而深层次的缓解了矛盾，新的细则的出台则为NBA这个帝国注入了活力，NBA从此以全新的姿态进入新世纪。
这次变革本质上无非是市场经济下供求双方矛盾的集中体现，而此次金融危机也许会持续很长一段时间，犹太世家出身的斯特恩的手笔在我写《NBA帝国的崛起》时就已经描述过了，相信NBA会更快脱离它带给我们的阴影。
NBA:
Novembergamesfalltolockout
Hopesofafull2011-12NBAseasonevaporatedafterthelockoutclaimedtwomoreweeksofgames.
NBAcommissionerDavidSterntoldanewsconference:
"OurgamesarecancelledthroughtheendofthemonthofNovember.
"It'snotpractical,possibleorprudenttohaveafullseasonnow.
"Weheldoutthatjointhopetogetherbut,inlightofthebreakdownoftalks,therewillnotbeafullNBAseasonunderanycircumstances."
Eventhoughsomeprogresshasbeenmadeindecidingasplitofincomebetweentheownersandplayers,bothpartieshavefailedtoarriveatanagreementthusfar.
Theplayersreducedtheirdemandfrom57percent（oftheincome）to52.5percentlastweekandthenagreedtofurtherreduceitto52percent,buttheownershavestayedfirmata50-50split.
"Today[Friday]wasn'tthedaytotryandclosethisout,"NBAPlayersAssociationpresidentDerekFisher,whoplaysfortheLosAngelesLakers,toldreportersinthehotellobby.
BillyHunter,theexecutivedirectoroftheplayers'union,said:
"Wemadealotofconcessionsbutthistime,unfortunately,it'snotenough."
"Untilthisafternoon[Friday],we'vehadaprettygoodseveraldaysofgive-and-take,"Sternsaid.
"Alotofthingswerere-affirmed,alotofconcessionswentbackandforth.Wemadesomemajorprogressonlengthofcontract.
"Andthenweturnedtothesubjectofhowtodividebasketball-relatedincome（BRI）.Isummarisedthepositions...andsaidthattheNBAownerswerewillingtogoto50percentontheirpercentagesplitofBRI,ineffecta50-50split.
"BillyHuntersaidthathewasnotwillingtogoapennybelow52,thathehadbeengettingmanycallsfromagentsandhecloseduphisbookandwalkedoutoftheroom.Andthat'swhereweare."
Onhispart,Huntersaid:
"DerekandImadeitclearthatwecouldnottakethe50-50dealtoourmembership,notwithalltheconcessionsthatwegranted.
"Wesaidwegottohavesomedollars.
"Andsoyougetthere,andthenallofasuddentheysay,Well,wealsohavetohaveournumber'.Andyousay,'Wellwaitaminute,you'renotnegotiatingingoodfaith'."
ThefinancialproblemssurroundingtheNBAhavebeenwelldocumented,withownersclaimingtheleaguelostacombinedtotalof$300millionlastseason.Thatforcedthemintoaskingplayerstoreducetheirshareoftheincomefrom57percentto47percentwhichwaslateruppedto50percent.
Andthatiswheretheissuestandswithoutanyfurthertalksscheduled.
NEWYORK（AP）--NBAplayershaveuntilWednesdaytoacceptCommissionerDavidStern'slatestoffer,thoughtheresponsealreadyseemsobvious.
"Rightnow,we'vebeengiventheultimatum,andouransweristhat'snotacceptabletous,"unionpresidentDerekFishersaid.
Butthenextproposalpromisestobeworse,surelymovingplayersandownersevenfurtherapartandthreateningtodestroytheseason.
EarlySundaymorning,theleaguesaiditofferedplayersupto51percentofbasketball-relatedincome-afiguretheunioninsistsisfiction.Regardless,itwilldropto47percentWednesdayifplayersdon'tacceptthecurrentofferbytheleague-imposeddeadline.
Noagreementbythedeadlinelikelywilltriggermorecallstodisbandtheunionandtakeontheleagueincourt,abattlethatwouldtakemonths.
Readmore:
"It'sfairtosaythattherearesomewhobelieveavotetodecertifyisavotetoendtheseason,"saidapersonfamiliarwiththeowners'thinkingwhospoketoTheAssociatedPressontheconditionofanonymitybecauseofthesensitivityofthetalks."Theownersarehopefulthattheplayershaveachancetovoteonwhatisonthetable,what'sproposednow,becausenooneknowswhathappensnext."
Readmore:
Playersdon'tseemeagertoactquickly.
"Theseareprofessionalbasketballplayers,thefinestathletesintheworld.Howdoyouthinktheyfeelaboutthreats?
Howdoyouthinktheyfeelabouteffortsatintimidation?
"attorneyJeffreyKesslersaid.
FisherandKesslersaidtheleague'stime-sensitivedeal-Sternrefusedtocallitanultimatum-cameneartheconclusionofSaturday'stalks.
AtacharitybasketballgameinPortland,Ore.,onSundaynight,KevinDurantexpressedfrustrationwiththestalemate.
"Sickening,man,justsickening,"theOklahomaCitystarsaid."Us,asplayers,wesacrificed,wegaveupmoney,wedidwhatwehadtodo,nowit'suptotheowners,anditlookslikethey'renotgoingtogivein.Atthispointnow,it'sstartingtogetbad,becausewe'vedoneallwecando,Ithink.They'retryingtopressureusandbackusinacorner.Ifthey'regoingtodothat,it'snotfair.We'regoingtostandfirm."
ThesideshadhopedtheycouldcompleteadealthisweekendwiththehelpoffederalmediatorGeorgeCohen.HereleasedastatementSundaycommendingthepartiesfor"theirwillingnesstoexaminesolutionstotheircurrentdispute"andofferingtoassistinthefuture.
Althoughtherevenuegaphasnarrowed,thesidesareatastandstillonthesystemissuesplayersinsistarejustasimportant.
Theunionbelievestheleague'sproposalstoincreaseluxurytaxpenalties,andeliminateorreducesomespendingoptions,essentiallywouldpreventthebiggest-spendingteamsfrombeingfreeagentoptions.A"repeatertax"wouldfurtherpunishteamsthatweretaxpayersafourthtimeinafive-yearspan,andplayersfearthepenaltythatawaitsteamswhoreceivemoneyfromthetaxpoolbutsuddenlytakeonsalaryandgointothetaxwoulddiscouragespending.
"Thebigstoryhereistheywantitall,"Kesslersaid."Theywantthesystemwheretaxpayerswillneverbeinthemarketplace,andthatforrepeattaxpayersit'sgoingtobelikeahardsalarycap.Andthosedealsarenotacceptableforplayerstoday;it'snotacceptableforfuturegenerationsofplayers.Isaid,thisisanexampleoftheywantawin,win,win,win.Wewantedtocompromise.They'renotgivingtheplayersalotofchoice."
Thougheachsideclaimedcreditforeconomicmoves,itappearstherewaslittletonoprogress.
Sternsaidtheleagueproposedabandwhereplayerscouldearnanywherefrom49percentto51percentofBRI,basedonrevenuegrowth.Unionofficialssaidtherewasalmostnowaytheycouldgettotheceiling,leavingthemrightatthe50-50splitownershavesaidtheywouldn'tgopast.
Playersaddedtheyweretheoneswhowerewillingtoreducetheirguaranteedownto51percent,with1percentofthatgoingintoafundforretiredplayerbenefits,amoveonepersonfamiliarwiththeirthinkingsaidwasmadeinhopesof"preservingsomeofasystemthat'salreadybeinggutted."
Sternsaidhebelievedhecouldgetownerstopassthecurrentproposal,eventhoughsomehard-linerswouldprefera53-47splitintheirfavorimmediately.Thatwouldbeinthenextproposal,alongwithacallforaflexsalarycap,whichplayersrejectedinJunebeforethelockoutbegan.
ButSternsaidthey'rereadytogowiththeonethatwasputonthetableSunday.
"Well,theycertainlywouldcomecloserthanourcurrentsystem,"hesaid."They're,Ithink,thebestwecoulddoatthistime.Sowe'repreparedtolivebythemifthey'reacceptedbytheplayers."
Withtheunionunwillingtotakethelatestproposaltoitsmembersforavote,bothsidesalsomustbepreparedtolivewiththerealpossibilityofthelossofmoregamesandpossiblytheseason.
Copyright2011AssociatedPress.Allrightsreserved.Thismaterialmaynotbepublished,broadcast,rewritten,orredistributed.
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