研究生专业学位考试英语模拟试题(1).doc

研究生专业学位考试英语模拟试题(1).doc

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2009级研究生专业学位考试英语模拟试题

（1）

PassageOne

Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Intheearlydaysoftheinternet,manypeopleworriedthataspeopleintherichworldembracednewcomputingandcommunicationstechnologies,peopleinthepoorworldwouldbeleftstrandedonthewrongsideofa“digitaldivide.”Yetthedebateoverthedigitaldivideisfoundedonamyth—hatpluggingpoorcountriesintotheinternetwillhelpthemtobecomerichrapidly.

Thisishighlyunlikely,becausethedigitaldivideisnotaprobleminitself,butasymptomofdeeper,moreimportantdivides:

ofincome,developmentandliteracy.Fewerpeopleinpoorcountriesthaninrichonesowncomputersandhaveaccesstotheinternetsimplybecausetheyaretoopoor,areilliterate,orhaveothermoreimmediateconcerns,suchasfood,healthcareandsecurity.Soevenifitwerepossibletowaveamagicwandandcauseacomputertoappearineveryhouseholdonearth,itwouldnotachieveverymuch:

acomputerisnotusefulifyouhavenofoodorelectricityandcannotread.YetsuchWand-waving—throughtheconstructionofspecificlocalinfrastructureprojectssuchasruraltelecenters—isjustthesortofthingforwhichtheUN'snewfundisintended.

Thissortofthingisthewrongwaytogoaboutaddressingtheinequalityinaccesstodigitaltechnologies:

itistreatingthesymptoms,ratherthantheunderlyingcauses.Thebenefitsofbuildingruralcomputingcenters,forexample,areunclear.Ratherthantryingtoclosethedivideforthesakeofit,themoresensiblegoalistodeterminehowbesttousetechnologytopromotebottom-updevelopment.Andtheanswertothatquestionturnsouttoberemarkablyclear:

bypromotingthespreadnotofPCsandtheInternet,butofmobilephones.

21.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

[A]PluggingpoorcountriesintotheInternetwillhelpthemtobecomerichrapidly.

[B]Poorcountriesshouldbegivenmorebasicdevicesotherthanadvancedones.

[C]Richcountriesshouldhelppooronesbecomingrich.

[D]Peopleinpoorcountriescannotafforddevicessuchascomputer.

22.Whatdidtheauthormeanbyreferring"digitaldivide."（Line3,Para.1）?

[A]Digitaltechnologywillmakethegapbetweenrichworldandpoorworldwider.

[B]Digitaltechnologywilldividepeopleintorichandpoorworld.

[C]Peoplecanbedivideddigitally.

[D]Todividepeopleindigitalworldiswrong.

23.Wecaninferfromthe2ndparagraphthat.

[A]peopleinpoorcountriescannotusecomputerbecauseofilliteracy.

[B]poorpeoplecannotusecomputers.

[C]therewouldbenomagictocauseacomputertoappearineveryhouseholdonearth.

[D]peopleinpoorcountriesneedmorebasiclivingconditionsthancomputers.

24.Consideringthefollowingsentences,whichonewouldtheauthormostagree?

[A]Digitaltechnologyisuseless.

[B]Digitaldividewillhelppoorcountriesbecomingrich.

[C]Poorpeopleneedmoreimmediateconcerns,suchasfood,healthcareandsecurity.

[D]Mobilephonesshouldbepromotedfirstly.

25.Thefollowingpassagewillprobablybe:

[A]Howtopromoteusingofmobilephones.

[B]Howtousetechnologytopromotebottom-updevelopment.

[C]Thebenefitsofbuildingruralcomputingcenters.

[D]Howtomeettheneedoffood,healthandsecurityinpoorcountries.

PassageTwo

Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Cultureisoneofthemostchallengingelementsoftheinternationalmarketplace.Thissystemoflearnedbehaviorpatternscharacteristicofthemembersofagivensocietyisconstantlyshapedbyasetofdynamicvariables:

language,religion,valuesandattitudes,mannersandcustoms,aesthetics,technology,education,andsocialinstitutions.Tocopewiththissystem,aninternationalmanagerneedsbothfactualandinterpretiveknowledgeofculture.Tosomeextent,thefactualknowledgecanbelearned;itsinterpretationcomesonlythroughexperience.

Themostcomplicatedproblemsindealingwiththeculturalenvironmentstemfromthefactthatonecannotlearnculture—onehastoliveit.Twoschoolsofthoughtexistinthebusinessworldonhowtodealwithculturaldiversity.Oneisthatbusinessisbusinesstheworldaround,followingthemodelofPepsiandMcDonald’s.Insomecases,globalizationisafactoflife;however,culturaldifferencesarestillfarfromconverging.

Theotherschoolproposesthatcompaniesmusttailorbusinessapproachestoindividualcultures.Settinguppoliciesandproceduresineachcountryhasbeencomparedtoanorgantransplant;thecriticalquestioncentersaroundacceptanceorrejection.Themajorchallengetotheinternationalmanageristomakesurethatrejectionisnotaresultofculturalmyopiaorevenblindness.

Fortuneexaminedtheinternationalperformanceofadozenlargecompaniesthatearn20percentormoreoftheirrevenueoverseas.Theinternationallysuccessfulcompaniesallshareanimportantquality:

patience.Theyhavenotrushedintosituationsbutratherbuilttheiroperationscarefullybyfollowingthemostbasicbusinessprinciples.Theseprinciplesaretoknowyouradversary,knowyouraudience,andknowyourcustomer.

26.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?

［A］Allinternationalmanagerscanlearnculture.

［B］Businessdiversityisnotnecessary.

［C］Viewsdifferonhowtotreatcultureinbusinessworld.

［D］Mostpeopledonotknowforeignculturewell.

27.Accordingtotheauthor,themodelofPepsi.

［A］isinlinewiththetheoriesoftheschooladvocatingthebusinessisbusinesstheworldaround.

［B］isdifferentfromthemodelofMcDonald’s

［C］showsthereverseofglobalization

［D］hasconvergedculturaldifferences

28.Thetwoschoolsofthought.

［A］bothproposethatcompaniesshouldtailorbusinessapproachestoindividualcultures

［B］bothadvocatethatdifferentpoliciesbesetupindifferentcountries

［C］admittheexistenceofculturaldiversityinbusinessworld

［D］BothAandB

29.Thisarticleissupposedtobemostusefulforthose.

［A］whoareinterestedinresearchingthetopicofculturaldiversity

［B］whohaveconnectionstomorethanonetypeofculture

［C］whowanttotravelabroad

［D］whowanttorunbusinessonInternationalScale

30.AccordingtoFortune,successfulinternationalcompanies.

［A］earn20percentormoreoftheirrevenueoverseas

［B］allhavethequalityofpatience

［C］willfollowtheoverseaslocalcultures

［D］adoptthepolicyofinternationalization

PassageThree

Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

TherearepeopleinItalywhocan’tstandsoccer.NotallCanadianslovehockey.AsimilarsituationexistsinAmerica,wheretherearethoseindividualsyoumaybeoneofthemwhoyawnorevenfrownwhensomebodymentionsbaseball.Baseballtothemmeansboringhourswatchinggrownmeninfunnytightoutfitsstandingaroundinafieldstaringawaywhileverylittleofanythinghappens.Theytellyouit’sagamebettersuitedtothe19thcentury,slow,quiet,andgentlemanly.Thesearethesamepeopleyoumaybeoneofthemwholovefootballbecausethere’sthesportthatglorifies“thehit”.

Bycontrast,baseballseemsabstract,cool,silent,still.

OnTVthegameisfracturedintoadozenperspectives,replays,closeups.Thegeometryofthegame,however,isessentialtounderstandingit.Youwillcontemplatethegamefromonepointasapainterdoeshissubject;youmay,ofcourse,projectyourselfintothegame.Itisinthisprojectionthatthegameaffordssomuchspaceandtimeforinvolvement.TheTVwon’tdoitforyou.

Take,forexample,thethirdbaseman.Yousitbehindthethirdbasedugoutandyouwatchhimwatchinghomeplate.Hislegsareapart,kneesflexed.Hisarmshangloose.Hedoesalotofthis.Theskepticstillcannotthinkofanyothersportssostill,sopassive.Butwatchwhathappenseverytimethepitcherthrows:

thethirdbasemangoesuponhistoes,flexeshisarmsorbringtheglovetoapointinfrontofhim,takesasteprightorleft,backwardorforward,perhapsheglancesacrossthefieldtocheckhisfirstbaseman’sposition.Supposethepitchisaball.“Nothinghappened,”yousay.“Icouldhavehadmyeyesclosed.”

Theskepticandtheinnocentmustplaythegame.Andthisinvolvementinthestandsisnomoreintellectualthanlisteningtomusicis.Watchthethirdbaseman.Smooththedirtinfrontofyouwithonefoot;smooththepocketinyourglove;watchtheeyesofthebatter,thespeedofthebat,thesoundofhorsehideonwood.Iffootballisasymphonyofmovementandtheatre,baseballischambermusic,aspaciousinterlockingofnotes,choresandresponses.

31.Thepassageismainlyconcernedwith.

［A］thedifferenttastesofpeopleforsports ［B］thedifferentcharacteristicsofsports

［C］theattractionoffootball ［D］theattractionofbaseball

32.Thosewhodon’tlikebaseballmaycomplainthat.

［A］itisonlytothetasteoftheold ［B］itinvolvesfewerplayersthanfootball

［C］itisnotexcitingenough ［D］itispretentiousandlooksfunny

33.Theauthoradmitsthat.

［A］baseballistoopeacefulfortheyoung［B］baseballmayseemboringwhenwatchedonTV

［C］footballismoreattractingthanbaseball ［D］baseballismoreinterestingthanfootball

34.Bystating“Icouldhavehadmyeyesclosed.”theauthormeans（4thparagraphlastsentence）.

［A］Thethirdbasemanwouldrathersleepthanplaythegame

［B］Evenifthethirdbasemanclosedhiseyesamomentago,itcouldmakenodifferenttotheresult

［C］Thethirdbasemanissogoodatbaseballthathecouldfinishthegamewitheyesclosedallthetimeanddohisworkwell

［D］Theconsequentwastoobadhecouldnotbeartoseeit

35.Wecansafelyconcludethattheauthor.

［A］likesfootba