国际贸易双语课程习题集.docx

国际贸易双语课程习题集.docx

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国际贸易双语课程习题集

《国际贸易》双语课程

习题集

Chapter1Introduction

1.ImportantConcepts:

Specialization

Exchangerate

Importquota

Exportindustries

Globalization

Relativelyclosedeconomy

Import-competingindustries

2.Choices:

（1）Internationaltransactionsconstituteanextensionofdomestictransactions.Inbothcases,tradeoffersthebenefitsof.

a.specializationb.industrializationc.globaliz

ationd.tariff

（2）Thereareafewofthedifferencesbetweendomesticandforeigntrade.WhichoneisNOTincluded?

a.ExchangeRatesb.CommercialPoliciesc.MarketingConsiderationsd.AggregateMeasures

（3）

international

Commoditytradeisnottheonlycomponentofinternationaltransactionsthathasexpandedrapidly.Sodo

transactions.

a.industrialproducts

b.agricultural

products

c.service

d.rawmaterials

3.

ReviewQuestions

（1）Distinguishbetween（a）exportindustries,（b）import-competingindustries,and（c）nontradedgoods.Giveexamplesofeach.

（2）JapaneselaborproductivityisroughlythesameasthatoftheUnitedStatesinthemanufacturingsector（higherinsomeindustries,lowerinothers）,whiletheUnitedStatesisstillconsiderablymoreproductiveintheservicesector.Butmostservicesarenontraded.SomeanalystshavearguedthatthisposesaproblemfortheUnitedStates,becauseourcomparativeadvantageliesinthingswecannotsellonworldmarkets.Whatiswrongwiththisargument?

（3）Evaluatethestatement,"TheUnitedStatesisaclosedeconomy,henceforeigntradeisofnoconsequencetoit."

Chapter2Internationaltradetheories

1.ImportantConcepts

Comparativeadvantage

Absoluteadvantage

Factorproportions（orendowment）theory

Productcycle

Inter-industrytrade

Intra-industrytrade

Capital-intensiveproducts

Capital-abundantcountry

Monopolisticcompetition

Factorpriceequalization

Leontiefscarce-factorparadox

2.Choices

（1）TheprincipleofcomparativeadvantagewasenunciatedearlyinthenineteenthcenturybytheEnglish

economist.a.DavidRicardob.

DavidHumec.AdamSmithd.MordechaiE.Kreinin

（2）Whilecomparativeadvantagedeterminesthedirectionoftrade,absolute

advantagedeterminesandthereforetherelativelivingstandardsofthetwocountries.

a.allocationofresourcesb.inflationc.thecountry's

（3）CountryAhasanabsoluteadvantageovercountryBincommodityXifitcanproducethecommoditycheaperistheconceptof.

a.

b.absolute

comparativeadvantageadvantage

c.relative

advantagepetitiveadvantage

Chapter3Internationaltradepolicies

1.ImportantConcepts

Demandconsideration

Dynamicgainsfromtrade

Country"inisolation"

Anti-inflationarytrade

2.Choices

（1）Japanprimarilyexportsmanufacturedgoods,whileimportingrawmaterialssuchasfoodandoil.FindoutthenegativeimpactionsonJapan'stermsoftradeofthefollowingevents.

a.AwarintheMiddleEastdisruptsoilsupply.

b.KoreadevelopstheabilitytoproduceautomobilesthatitcansellinCanadaandtheUnitedStates.

c.U.S.engineersdevelopafusionreactorthatreplacesfossilfuelelectricityplants.

d.AharvestfailureinRussia.

e.AreductioninJapan'stariffsonimportedbeefandcitrusfruit.

（2）Anationalgovernmentcanintroduceavarietyofrestrictionsuponinternationaltransactionsthatcannotbeimposedondomestictransactions.Thesecouldinclude.

a.differentdomesticpoliciesb.voluntaryexportrestraintc.statisticaldatad.relativeimmobilityofproductivefactors

3.ReviewQuestions

ms?

Whatismeantbystrategictradepolicy?

Whatareitslimitations?

Howcanexportsubsidiesbringaboutanincreaseintheshareofglobalprofitsobtainedby“our”fir

Chapter4Tariffs

1.ImportantConcepts

Tariffprotection

Advaloremtariff

Specifictariff

Effectivetariff

2.Choices

（1）WhichoneisNOTthetypeoftariff?

a.advaloremtariff

b.specifictariff

c.export

tariffd.compoundduty

（2）Therule,whichguardsagainstdiscriminationininternationaltrade,isknownas.

a.WTOb.MFNc.GATTd.IMF

（3）Theeliminationoftariffinacustomsunionwillcausetheeffectof.

a.tradeimprovementb.trade

diversion

c.tradecreationd.tradecompetation

（4）Atariffrateisproductwhichwecall_

highenoughtokeepoutall

imports

ofthe

a.revenuetariff

b.

prohibitivetariff

c.protective

tariff

d.

specifictariff

Chapter5Non-tariffTradeBarriersandtheNewProtectionism

1.ImportantConcepts

Importquotas

Quotarents

Qualityupgrading

Dumping

Antidumpingduty

2.Choices

（1）setsanabsolutelimitonthequantityofaproduct

thatmayenterthecountry.

a.Anexportquotab.Animportquotac.

Tariffd.Voluntaryexportrestraints

（2）Internationaltradeincertainprimarycommodities（namelyrawmaterialsoragriculturalproducts）isgovernedby.

a.WTOb.EUc.OECDd.ICAs

（3）Itiscustomarytodistinguishamongthreetypesofdumping.

WhichonedoesNOTbelongtothose?

a.anti-dumpingb.sporadicdumpingc.predatorydumpingd.persistentdumping

（4）Acountrysetsanabsolutelimitonthequantityofaproductthatmayenteritistheconceptof.

a.quota

rentsb.indirecttaxes

d.

c.auctioningimportlicenseimportquotas

3.ReviewQuestions

（1）Evaluatethefollowingstatements:

a.Asinstrumentsofprotectiongo,atariffislessharmful

toacountrythananquota,andaquotaislessharmfulthan

aVER.

b.Protectionisanexpensiveandinefficientwaytocreatejobs.

c.InternationalcommodityagreementsconstitutethebestwayofhelpingLDCscombattheeffectofviolentpricefluctuationsontheireconomies.

d.TheMultifibreAgrementrepresentsanexcellentwaytoorganizeinternationaltrade.Weshouldapplyittosteelandotherindustries.

（2）"Importquotasoncapital-intensiveindustrialgoodsandsubsidiesfortheimportofcapitalequipmentweremeanttocreatemanufacturingjobsinmanydevelopingcountries.Unfortunately,theyhaveprobablyhelpedcreatetheurban

Chapter6EconomicIntegrationandWTO

1.Explainthefollowingterms:

Tradecreationofacustomsunion.

Tradediversionofacustomsunion.

2.WhataretheconflictsbetweentheWTOandtheenvironmental

movement?

3.Choices

（1）Internationalandregionalforumsfortradeandfinancialnegotiationincludesomeorganizationsexcept.

a.WTOb.EUc.WorldBankd.OECD

（2）Whatisuniqueaboutinrernationaleconomics

a.exchangeratesb.relativeimmobilityofproductivefactors

c.marketingconsiderationsd.commercial

policies

（3）WhichofthefollowingactionswouldbelegalunderGATT.

a.AU.S.tariffof20percentagainstanycountrythatexportsmorethantwiceasmuchtotheUnitedStatesasitimportsinreturn.

b.AsubsidytoU.S.wheatexports,aimedatrecapturingsomeofthemarketslosttotheEuropeanUnion.

c.AU.S.tariffonCanadianlumberexports,notmatchedbyequivalentreductionsonothertariffs.

d.ACanadiantaxonlumberexports,agreedtoatthedemandoftheUnitedStatestoplacateU.S.lumberproducers.

e.Aprogramofsubsidizedresearchanddevelopmentinareas

relatedtohightechnologygoodssuchaselectronicsandsemiconductors.

f.Specialgovernmentassistanceforworkerswholosetheir

jobsbecauseofimportcompetition.

Chapter7InternationalTradeandE-Commerce

1.Whatistheprocessofe-commerce？

2.Brieflyreviewthekeyinnovationsthatculminatedinthe

digitalrevolution.Whatisthebasictechnologicalprocessthatmadetherevolutionpossible?

3.Whatisconvergence?

HowisconvergenceaffectingSony?

Kodak?

Nokia?

4.Whatistheinnovator'sdilemma?

Whatisthedifferencebetweensustainingtechnologyanddisruptivetechnology?

BrieflyreviewChristensen'sfiveprinciplesofdisruptiveinnovation.

5.Whatkeyissuesmustbeaddressedbyglobalcompaniesthatengageine-commerce?

6.WhatisthemeaningofDFI?

Listsomeofthefactorsthatinducecompaniestoinvestabroad.

Chapter8procedureofinternationaltrade

1.Pleaselistatleastthreeessentialconstituentsofa

definiteoffer.

2.Accordingtothetext,whatcharacteristicsdoesanindefiniteofferhave?

3.Pleasebrieflydescribetheexportprocess.

4.Whyisitofgreatimportancefortheexportertocheckthe

L/CagainstthesalescontractsverycarefullyafterreceivingtheL/C?

5.Whatdocumentsshouldusuallybesubmittedwhennegotiatingthroughthebank?

6.Pleasebrieflydescribetheimportprocess.

7.WhyistheshippingadvicesoimportantonCFR?

8.Whatinformationshouldbeincludedinapackinglist?

9.Pleaselistatleastsixkindsofdocumentsusedininternationaltrade?

10.WhatarethemajorfunctionsofanB/L

11.Whatarethecontentsandfunctionsofcommercialinvoice?

12.Whatisthefunctionofdocumentationinexportandimportpractices?

Chapter9InternationalTradeTermsoceanictransportation?

1.

What'stradeterms?

2.

Pleasebrieflydescribethethirteentradetermsin

Incoterms2000.

3.

Whataretheobligationsofthebuyerundertheterms

ofCIF,FOBandCFR?

4.

Whataretheobligationsofthesellerundertheterms

ofFCA,CPTandCIP?

5.

Whichtradetermissuitabletoinlandwaterwayand

6.Pleasebrieflydescribethreeinternationaltradepractices.

7.Pleasedescribetheformationdomesticexpensesand

foreignexpenses.

8.PleaselistatleastfourderivedformsofCFR.

9.What'sthemeaningofmainfreight?

10.What'sdifferencebetweensymbolicdeliveryand

physicaldelivery?

11.What'stherelationshipamongFOB,CFRandCIF?

12.What'sCommission?

13.PleasedescribetheformulaaboutconversionamongFOB,CFRandCIF.

Chapter10termsofcommodity

1.Howtonamegoodsexported?

2.What'squalityofcommodity?

3.Pleasedescribetypesofquality.

4.Howtoweightdiffe