现在完成时过去完成时教师版.docx
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现在完成时过去完成时教师版
现在完成时
用法：
动作发生在过去，强调对现在的影响。
与一般过去时的区别：
强调过去—一般过去式
强调对现在的影响---现在完成时。
试比较
Ihavelostmynewbook. 我把新书丢了。
（现在还未找到）
Ilostmynewbookyesterday.我昨天把新书丢了。
（昨天丢的，现在找到与否没说明）
构成：
肯定句：
have/hasdone
否定句：
...have/hasnotdone
一般疑问句：
Have/Has...done....?
Yes,...have/has.No,...have/hasnot.
常用的时间状语有：
already
“已经”
肯定句的中间和末尾处
never
“从不”
中间处
ever
“曾经”
疑问句和肯定句的中间处
just
“刚刚”
中间处
yet
“已经”、“还”
疑问句、否定句的末尾处）
或不加任何的时间状语，但不能和表示过去的时间状语连用.
already和yet区别:
Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.
already用在_______，位于_______。
“已经”
Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?
yet用在_______和________中，位于_______。
“仍然，还，已经”
B.for与since区别:
for+时间段since+时间点
IhavelivedinChangchun__________twoyears.
Ihavebeenhere__________7o'clock.
用since和for填空
1.______twoyears2._______twoyearsago3._______lastmonth
4.______19995._______yesterday6._______4o’clock
7.______4hours8._______anhour9._______wewerechildren
10._____lunchtime11.______shelefthere12,_______shewasveryyoung
13._______shewasachild14,_____morethantwentyyears
HehaslivedinNanjing________theyearbeforelast.
I’veknownhim__________wewerechildren.
OurteacherhasstudiedJapanese_________threeyears.
Shehasbeenawayfromthecity___________abouttenyears.
It’sabouttenyears__________sheleftthecity.
注意：
表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，表示次数：
一次once;二次:
twice,三次：
threetimes…,ever,never等时间状语。
如：
IhavebeentoBeijingtwice.我去过北京二次。
三.havebeenin,havebeento与havegoneto的用法区别
（一）.have（has）beenin表示“在某地呆多长时间”，
常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：
since,for,howlong等。
例如：
Mr.BrownhasbeeninShanghaiforthreedays.布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。
此外还有这些搭配：
havebeenhere（there）/athome（school）/onthefarm
havebeenhere（there）/abroad
（二）.have（has）beento表示“曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了。
可与just,ever,never等连用，例如：
Ihavejustbeentothepostoffice.我刚才去邮局了。
MaryhasneverbeentotheGreatWall.玛丽从未去过长城。
HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhou?
你曾经去过杭州吗？
have（has）beento后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。
例如：
IhavebeentoBeijingthreetimes.我去过北京三次。
Theyhavebeentothatvillageseveraltimes.他们去过那个村庄好几次了。
（三）.have（has）goneto意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。
总之，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。
例如：
----WhereisTom?
----Hehasgonetothebookshop.汤姆在哪里？
他到书店去
JackJohnsonhasgonetoLondon.杰克.约翰逊到伦敦去了。
练习
I.用have（has）been或have（has）gone填空。
A:
Where____________LiFei___________?
B:
He____________toHainanIsland.
A:
Howlong___________he___________there?
B:
He_____________thereforthreedays.
A:
Whenwillhecomeback,doyouknow?
B:
I’mafraidhewon’tcomebackrecently.
A:
CouldyoutellmethewaytoHainanIsland?
B:
Sorry,I_________never___________there.
A:
Howmanytimes___________LiFei__________tothatplace?
B:
He_____________thereonlyonce.
II.用have/hasbeento/in,havegoneto及go的各种形式填空。
1）WhereisJack?
He__________hiscountry.
2）David___________theparkjustnow.
3）John__________Englandsincehecameback.
4）Howlong_________have_________thisvillage?
5）TheSmiths__________Beijingforyears.
6）________youever_________America?
--Yes,I_________theremanytimes.
7）I_________thisschoolsincethreeyearsago.
8）WhereisJim?
He________thefarm.
9）When________he_________?
He__________anhourago.
10）Wouldyouliketo_________thezoowithme?
---Yes,butI_______therebefore.
11）Where_________you_________now?
---I___________thezoo.
12）Heoften_________swimming.
13）__________you__________therelastyear?
14）__________theyoften__________skatinginwinter?
注意
现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。
（就是说：
有for或since的句子里，一定不能是非延续性代词，必须是延续性动词）。
例如：
borrow→keep, buy→have, begin/start→beon,die→bedead, join→bein/bea memberof-，come/arrive→behere/in,come/getback→beback, go/leave→beaway（from）, marry→bemarried（to）,
【练一练】
在现在完成时中，在与_______和________引导的表示一段时间的状语连用时，通常是用相应的__________动词来代替__________.
例如：
borrow→___________, buy→_______________, begin/start→_____________,
die→_______________, join→__________________，come/arrive→_____________
come/getback→_____________, go/leave→_____________, marry→_______________,
练习
Thefilmbegantwominutesago.
Thefilm____________for________.
Iboughtapentwohoursago.
I__________________apenfor__________________.
HeleftFuzhoujustnow.
He________________________________Fuzhouforfiveminutes.
Hecamebacktwoyearsago.
He____________________________for____________________.
5）HearrivedBeijingfiveminutesago.
He__________________________Beijingfor__________________.
①arriveat/insw.getto/reachsw.come/go/movetosw.
→beinsw./atschool/athome/onthefarm/behere/bethere
1）HegottoBeijingfiveminutesago.
He__________________________Beijingfor__________________.
2）ImovedtotheUSAlastyear.
I__________________________theUSAsince____________________.
3）Iwenthomeyesterday.
I________________________homefor___________________.
4）Theycameherelastweek.
They__________________heresince___________________.
②come/goback,return→bebackcome/goout→beout
1）Hecameouttwoyearsago.
He____________________________for____________________.
2）WereturntoFuzhouyesterday.
We_________________________toFuzhousince__________.
③become→be
1）Ibecameateacherin2000.
I__________________ateacherfor__________________.
2）Theriverbecamedirtylastyear.
Theriver__________________dirtyfor___________________.
④close→beclosed，open→beopen
1）Theshopclosedtwohoursago.
Theshop__________________________for__________________.
2）Thedooropenedatsixinthemorning.
Thedoor____________________________________________forsixhours.
⑤getup→beup，die→bedead
leavesw.→beawayfromsw.
fallasleep/gettosleep→beasleep
finish/end→beovermarry→bemarried
1）Igotuptwohoursago.
I________________________since________________.
2）HeleftFuzhoujustnow.
He________________________________Fuzhouforfiveminutes.
3）Mygrandpadiedin2002.
Mygrandpa______________________for_______________.
4）Themeetingfinishedatsix.
Themeeting____________________forsixhours.
5）Igottosleeptwohoursago.
I__________________________since___________________.
6）Theymarriedin1990.
They___________________________since_________.
⑥start/begintodosth.→dosth.begin→beon
1）Ibegantoteachatthisschoolin1995.
I______________________atthisschoolsince___________.
2）Thefilmbegantwominutesago.
Thefilm____________________________________for________________________.
⑦borrow→keep，lose→nothave，buy→have，puton→wear
catch/getacold→haveacold，gettoknow→know
1）Theyborroweditlastweek.
They__________________itsince____________________.
2）Iboughtapentwohoursago.
I__________________apenfor__________________.
3）Igottoknowhimlastyear.
I___________________himsince____________________.
4）Iputonmyglassesthreeyearsago.
I____________________myglassesfor__________________.
⑧have/hasgoneto→havebeenin
1）HehasgonetoBeijing.
He___________________________________________Beijingfortwodays.
⑨jointheleague/theParty/thearmy
→bealeague/aPartymember/asoldier
→beamemberoftheleague/theParty
→beintheleague/theParty/thearmy
1）Hejoinedtheleaguein2002.
He_________________a__________________fortwoyears.
He__________________a_____________________the__________fortwoyears.
He__________________________________theleaguefortwoyears.
2）Mybrotherjoinedthearmytwoyearsago.
Mybrother____________________a___________for______________________.
Mybrother______________________in_______________________fortwoyears.
巩固练习
根据提示完成句子
他的爷爷去世三年了。
Hisgrandfather________threeyearsago.
Hisgrandfatherhas____________________3years.
Hisgrandfatherhas____________________3yearsago.
2你买这辆自行车有多长时间了？
Howlonghaveyou_______thebike?
3我买这本故事书三年了。
I______thisstorybookthreeyearsago.
Ihave_______thisstorybook______threeyearsago.
Ihave_______thisstorybook________threeyears.
4.他参军十年了。
He______theArmythreeyearsago.
Hehas___________theArmy___________.
Hehas_____a_____________theArmyfor3years.
5.玛丽和约翰结婚有十年了。
Mary________toJohntenyearsago.
Mary______________________toJohnfortenyears.
6.我入团2年了。
I________________________________twoyearsago.
I_____________________a______________________fortwoyears.
I_____________________a___________of___________________fortwoyears.
I_________________________________the__________fortwoyears.
7.Thefilmbegantwominutesago.
Thefilm____________for________.
8.Iboughtapentwohoursago.
I__________________apenfor__________________.
9.HeleftFuzhoujustnow.
He________________________________Fuzhouforfiveminutes.
10.Hecamebacktwoyearsago.
He____________________________for____________________.
11.HearrivedBeijingfiveminutesago.
He__________________________Beijingfor__________________.
改错
Hurryup!
Theywaitforus.
Areyourememberinghisname?
I’mlikingthefilmverymuch.
I’llbegladifitwillsnowsoon.
Doesshegoestoschooleveryday?
IhaveseenBettyyesterday
Ididn’tseetheheadmasterforweeks.
He’sjustgoneout,isn’the?
Hisgrandpahasdiedfortwoweeks.
根据提示完成句子
他的爷爷去世三年了。
Hisgrandfather________threeyearsago.
Hisgrandfatherhas___
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