(浙江省选考)10月高考英语专题一高频词汇分类集训与语篇训练话题十四热点话题.doc
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话题十四 热点话题
1．accidentn．事故；偶然的事件，意外
byaccident偶然地
2．benefitv．有益于；有助于；受益
n．优势；益处拼十年寒窗挑灯苦读不畏难；携双亲期盼背水勇战定夺魁。
如果你希望成功，以恒心为良友，以经验为参谋，以小心为兄弟，以希望为哨兵。
benefitfrom/by从……中受益
beofbenefitto＝bebeneficialto对……有益
forone’sbenefit＝forthebenefitofsb.为某人的利益
3．challengevt.怀疑；挑战
n．挑战；难题；质疑
achallengeto对……的挑战
challengesb.to（do）sth.向某人挑战（做）……
4．competev．竞争；比赛
competein...参加……的比赛
competewith/against与……竞争
competefor...为……角逐
5．contributev．捐献；是……的原因之一；贡献；投稿
contributeto有助于；导致；捐献
makeacontribution/contributionsto对……做出贡献；捐款
6．fortunen．财富；运气
makeafortune发财；致富
befortunatetodosth./indoingsth.在……方面运气好
7．generaladj.普通的；大众的；总的；大体的
ingeneral＝generallyspeaking总的来说；一般说来
8．mercyn．仁慈；怜悯；宽恕
showmercytosb./havemercyonsb.怜悯某人
atthemercyof...任由……摆布；受……控制
It’samercythat...……真是万幸。
9．possibleadj.可能的；可接受的；合理的
Itispossibleforsb.todosth.某人做某事是可能的
Itispossiblethat...可能……
Thereisnopossibilitythat...不可能……
10．praisev．赞扬；表扬
n．赞美；赞扬
inpraiseof赞扬
11．pretendv．假装
pretendtodo/tobedoing/tohavedone假装要/正在/已经做某事
12．retirev．退休；离开；撤退
retirefrom从……退休
13．riskv．冒……的危险
n．危险；风险
risksth./doingsth.冒着……的危险
atrisk处于危险之中
attheriskofsth./doingsth.冒着……的风险
take/runtheriskofdoingsth.冒险做某事
14．sacrificevt.牺牲，献出；献祭
n．牺牲；供奉；祭品
sacrificesth.todosth.牺牲……去做……
sacrificefor为……作出牺牲
15．servev．提供（食物），端上（饭菜）；服役；供职于；服务；用作
servesth.tosb.＝servesb.sth.给某人端上某物
serveas当作；作为
16．sheltern．住所；藏身之处；庇护；避难所；遮盖物
v．庇护；躲避
shelter...from...保护……免于……
undertheshelterof在……的庇护下
17．survivevi.幸存；活下来
surviveon靠……存活下来
18．trickn．诡计；骗局；恶作剧；戏弄
v．欺骗
playatrick/trickson/uponsb.欺骗某人；捉弄某人
tricksb.intosth./into（doing）sth.诱使某人做某事
19．volunteern．志愿者
v．自愿做，义务做
volunteertodo...自愿做……
20．trouble短语
getintotrouble陷入麻烦；陷入困境
beintrouble有麻烦；碰到困难
withouttrouble毫不费力的，没有麻烦的
havetroublewithsth./（in）doing...（做）……有困难
takethetroubletodo...不辞劳苦地做……
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Shehasafewthousanddollarsputawayforher（retire）．
2．Tomrisked（lose）hisjobtohelpyououtofthetrouble.
3．Theyoungmanvolunteered（stop）thedrunkenmenfromfighting.
4．general，about10%ofthecandidatesareeventuallyofferedpositions.
5．Hedreamedofmakingfortune.
6．Wehopeyoursuggestionwillcontributeto（solve）theproblem.
7．There’sbeensomefierce（compete）forthetitle.
8．Mikefounda（challenge）jobasacomputerprogrammer.
9．Astayinthecountrywillbe（benefit）tohishealth.
10．Theycameacrossitaccident.
11．wasamercythatshewasn’tseriouslyhurtandwaswaitinguntiltherescuearrived.
12．It’sjustpossibleIgavethemthewrongdirections.
13．Hepretended（know）theanswertotheproblemalready.
14．Treesshelterthehousethewind.
15．Itwillgreatlyincreaseyourchancesof（survive）．
Ⅱ.根据要求完成句子
1．他受到了赞扬，因为他冒着生命危险扑灭了大火。
（一句多译）
①
②
2．在失去引擎动力之后，船员们发现自己只能任凭风力摆布了。
（mercy）
Havinglostenginepower，theboat’screw.
3．ThesestudentsarefortunatetohavesuchagoodEnglishteacher.（用it作形式主语改写）
4．Thenewregulationwillbeofbenefittoeveryoneconcerned.
①
（用beneficial改写）
②
（用benefitfrom改写）
③
（用benefit改写）
5．我们没费吹灰之力就找到了他的办公室。
（一句多译）
①
②
（一）阅读理解
Howoftendoyoucheckyourphone?
AccordingtoastudyledbyNottinghamTrentUniversityinBritain，theaveragepersonlooksattheirphones86timesaday.Updatingtheirstatusonsocialmediaplatformsalsomadepeoplereachfortheirelectroniccompanionfrequently.
Eventheparticipantsthoughtthatwasalot:
thisfigureistwiceasoftenastheythoughttheydid.Ourphonesmightbeshapingourbehaviormorethanwerealize.Doyouactuallylookatyoursurroundingsmorethanatyourphone?
Isitrudetocheckyourphonewhensomeoneistalkingtoyou?
SherryTurkleinterviewedhundredsofcollegestudentsaboutthis.She’saprofessorofsocialstudiesattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.Theytalkedaboutsomethingtheycalled“theruleofthree”．
Therulehastodowithbeingconsideratetoothersdespitetheallure（诱惑力）ofthelittleflatbox.Turkleexplains,“Ifyougotodinnerwithfriends，youdon’twanttolookdownatyourphoneuntilyouseethatthreepeoplearelookingupintheconversation.Sothere’sanewrulewhereyoudon’tlookdownunlessthreepeoplearelookingupinordertokeepalittleconversationalive.”
Actually，ifyouarecleverenoughyoumightuseyourphoneasatooltoconnectwithpeoplenexttoyou.Sharingabitofyourlifewiththemcanbringyouclosertogether.Andyoucanalsoinviteeveryonetotakeaselfie（自拍照）withyou.
Butthebestthingtodealwithmobilephoneaddictionistogocoldturkeyandleavethemachinebehindoccasionallyorjustswitchitoffandkeepitfirmlyinyourpocketforawhile.
1．Whydoestheauthormention“Howoftendoyoucheckyourphone？
”inthefirstparagraph?
A．Tostresstheimportanceofmobilephones.
B．Toencouragereaderstousemobilephonesmore.
C．Tointroduceatopictobediscussedinthefollowingparagraphs.
D．Toknowhowreadersupdatetheirstatusonsocialmediaplatforms.
2．IfJohnwasaparticipantusingthemobilephoneasoftenastheaverageinthestudy，howmanytimesdidhethinkhelookedathisphoneaweek?
A．172. B．301.
C．602. D．1204.
3．What’sthepurposeof“theruleofthree”？
A．Tokeepaconversationgoing.
B．Tolookdownatyourphoneregularly.
C．Totellreadershowtobeconsideratetoothers.
D．Toremindreadersoftheimportanceofmobilephones.
4．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtherightwaytoavoidbeingaddictedtothemobilephone?
A．Leavingithomesometimeswhenyougoout.
B．GoingtoTurkeyforaholidayonceinawhile.
C．Turnitoffonpurposenowandthen.
D．Hideitsomewhereforthemoment.
（二）七选五
Bothmenandwomenarelivinglongerthesedaysinindustrializedcountries.5Ingeneral，theycanexpecttolivesixorsevenyearsmorethanmen.Onereasonforthisisbiological.
Oneimportantbiologicalfactorthathelpswomenlivelongeristhedifferenceinhormonesbetweenmenandwomen.6Betweentheagesofabout12and50，womenproducehormonesthatareinvolvedinfertility（生育能力）．Thesehormonesalsohaveapositiveeffectontheheartandthebloodflow.Infact，womenarelesslikelytohavehighbloodpressureortodiefromheartattacks.
7Theyhelpthebodydefenditselfagainstsomekindsofinfections.Thismeansthatwomengenerallygetsicklessoftenandlessseriouslythanmen.Thecommoncoldisagoodexample:
women，onaverage，getfewercoldsthanmen.
8Scientistsarestillnotexactlysurehowgenesinfluenceaging，buttheybelievethattheydo.Somethinkthatawoman’sbodycellshaveatendencytoagemoreslowlythanaman’s.Othersthinkthataman’sbodycellshaveatendencytoagemorequickly.9
A．However，women，onaverage，livelonger.
B．Thebiologicalfactorplaysanimportantpart.
C．Womenarealsohelpedbytheirfemalegenes.
D．Thefemalehormonesalsoprotectthebodyinanotherway.
E．Recentresearchseemstosupportbothofthesepossibilities.
F．Therefore，womenarehealthierthanmenandcanliveabetterlife.
G．Hormonesarechemicalswhichareproducedbythebodytocontrolvariousbodyfunctions.
（三）完形填空
AsIwastakingawalkwithmymom，Iaskedher，“Haveyoutakentheseniorbusyet？
”IheldmybreathasIwaitedforher10.“Oh，yes.Ihave，”shesaid.“Howwasit？
”Isaidthewordsas11asIcouldtoshowmyexcitement，eventhoughIsensedtheanswerwasnotgoingtobe12.Shesighedheavily，“Nooneever13onthatbus.Theyallsittherequietlyandlooksad.Ionlyseeaboutthirteen14oldladiesandmen.”My15forhersituationgraspedmystomach.
Mydadhadrecentlypassedaway，andhissuddenleavemademymother16andfrightened.Forfiftysevenyears，mydadhadwalkedbyherside.Momneverlearnedto17，soDaddrovehereverywhere.Now，herwheelsweregone，asonegrandchildsoproperly18hersituation.Iknewsheneededgreat19tomakethedecisiontotaketheseniorbus.However，Ifirmlybelievedthe20wouldn’tlasttoolong，forMomwassooutgoingandactivethatshecouldchatwithalmosteverybodywhomshemetinthestreet.
Severaldayslater，whenIcametovisither，Iasked，“Dotheytalktoyounow？
”She21andtherewasasparkle（火花）inhereyes.Itdidn’ttakeageniustofigureoutthatthe22hadchanged.“Itwassillythatallofusjustsatthere23sayingaword.SoonemorningwhenI24，Igreetedthemandthenremarkedthatwhatanicedayitwas.Soon，theybeganto25andwechat
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