英语论文论身体语言在教学中的运用.docx

英语论文论身体语言在教学中的运用.docx

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英语论文论身体语言在教学中的运用

英语论文：

论身体语言在教学中的运用

TheUseofBodyLanguageInMiddleSchoolEnglishTeaching

Introduction

NowChina’sEnglisheducationisundertakingreforms.Traditionaleducationpaystoomuchattentiontoinstillingtheknowledgeintothestudents.Suchcrammingmethodofteachingbringsupthestudentswhohavegoodmarksbutlowability.Today’sEnglisheducationrequiresstudentstocommunicateinEnglish.TeachersarealsorequiredtoteachEnglishnearlywithoutChineseexplanationalltheclasstime.However,becauseofthelimitationofstudents’vocabulary,teachersshouldtakesomeothereffectivewaystosupportEnglishteaching.Bodylanguagecanhelptoexplainwhattheteachersmean.Teachersalsocandeepenstudents’understandingandmemorieswiththeaidofbodylanguage.Wecannotmakelightofthebodylanguage,especially,whenthecommunicationbetweenteachersandstudentsbecomesmoreandmoreimportantwiththedevelopmentofEnglisheducation.Theuseofbodylanguagecansupportteachingandhelpteachersgetbetterteachingeffects.

Classroomteachingisonekindofcommunicativeactivitybetweenteachersandstudents.Somestudentsareabsent-minded,whichcanleadtothefailureofcommunicationinclassroom.Apartfromthestudents’subjectivereasons,theteachersalsohaveresponsibilitiesforthisphenomenon.Thevolume,speedandtoneofvoicewillstimulatethestudents’response.Moreover,teachersaccompaniedbygesturesandfacialexpressionscouldcreatevisualeffect.Ithelpsteachersexpresstheirownideasandviewpointsmoreaccuratelyandvividlytodrawtheattentionofstudents.WhenteachersaddbodylanguagetoEnglishteaching,studentswillbeinterestedinlearningEnglish.Studentscanlearntomaintainlong-termmemory.Thisisawonderfulmagicthatbodylanguagehas.

Inordertoimprovestudents’Englishmentalities,teachersshoulduseChinesesparingly,sothatbodylanguagehasbecomethenecessarymedia.Teachersshouldunderstandthebodylanguagecorrectly,masterthefeaturesofbodylanguageandexpresstheirmindsmoreperfectly.Teachersshouldhelpstudentsgrasptheforeignlanguagewithnewteachingtechnique.Bodylanguagecantakethisrole.

Allinall,bodylanguageishelpfulforEnglishteaching.Inthisarticle,thetheoreticalstudyandapplicationofbodylanguagewillbediscussed.

I.BriefTalkofBodyLanguage

Peopleuselanguagetocommunicatewitheachother.Sowhatislanguage?

Theanswertothisquestionwilldecideteachers’syllabusdesign,teachingmethods,teachingproceduresintheclassroom,andeventhetechniquesusedintheclass.Differentviewsonlanguagegeneratedifferentteachingmethodologies.Forexample,structuralismseeslanguageasalinguisticsystemmadeupofvarioussubsystems:

fromphonological,morphologicalandlexicaltosentences.Theinteractionallinguistconsiderslanguageasacommunicativetool,whosemainuseistobuildupandmaintainsocialrelationsbetweenpeople.Therefore,learnersnotonlyneedtoknowthegrammarandvocabularyofthelanguagebutasimportantly,theyneedtoknowtherulesofusingtheminawholerangeofcommunicativecontexts.Communicativelanguagehasthreemoduses:

spokenlanguage,writtenlanguageandbodylanguage.Phoniclanguageteachingcantransmitallkindsofinformation;however,thisblankmethodcouldlettheteachingcompletelyfreezeupasanoperativemachine.Accordingtolinguists’researches,onlytwentypercentoftheeffectivenessofsocialintercoursedependsonvocallanguageandeightypercentonsilentlanguage.ItissonecessarythatteachersshouldusebodylanguagetohelptheirEnglishteaching.

A.DefinitionofBodyLanguage

Bodylanguageisabroadtermforformsofcommunicationusingbodymovementsorgesturesinsteadof,orinadditionto,sounds,verballanguage,orotherformsofcommunication.Itincludes?

our?

posture,actions,facial?

expressions,and?

gestures.Becausebodylanguageissoimportant,weshouldunderstandandstudyitwell.Bodylanguageisakindofnonverbalcommunication.Itformspartofcategoryofparalanguage,whichdescribesallformsofhumancommunicationthatarenotverballanguage.Therelationofbodylanguagetoanimalcommunicationhasoftenbeendiscussed.Humanparalanguagemayrepresentacontinuationofformsofcommunicationthatournon-linguisticancestorsalreadyused,orithasbeenchangedbyco-existingwithlanguage,bothvoluntaryandinvoluntary:

thisisthebasisofCleverHanseffectasourceofartifactincomparativepsychology.Hansisacleverhorse.Hecangetinformationfromhistrainer’sbodylanguage.ItwasalsothereasonfortryingtoteachchimpanzeeWashoeAmericanSignLanguageacomplete,complexlanguagethatemployssignsmadewiththehandsandothermovements,includingfacialexpressionsandposturesofthebodyratherthanspeech.

Bodylanguageisaproductofbothgeneticandenvironmentalinfluences.Blindchildrenwillsmileandlaugheventhoughtheyhaveneverseenasmile.TheethnologistIrenausEibl-Eibesfeldtclaimedthatanumberofbasicelementsofbodylanguagewereuniversalacrossculturesandmustthereforebefixedactionpatternsunderinstinctivecontrol.Someformsofhumanbodylanguageshowcontinuitieswithcommunicativegesturesofotherapes,thoughoftenwithchangesinmeaning.Morerefinedgestures,whichvarybetweenculturesforexamplethegesturestoindicate“yes”and“no”,mustbelearnedormodifiedthroughlearning,usuallybyunconsciousobservationoftheenvironment.

Bodylanguageplaysanimportantroleinpeople’sdailylife.Assoonasweareincontactwithotherswearecommunicating.Forthiswecanmakeuseofspokenandwrittenlanguage.Intheseways,wemakethecontentofamessagecleartoeachother.However,wecanalsocommunicatewithoutwords.Thiskindofcommunicationtellsussomethingabouttherelationshipbetweenpeople.Oftenthisismoreimportantthangettingthecontentofthemessageacross.

w

ResearchHistoryofBodyLanguage

Non-verballanguagecommunicationisabotholdandyoungtopic.Itisoldbecauseithaslongerhistorythanverbalcommunication.Fromthehistoryofhuman’sdevelopment,languageistheresultoflongtimelabor.However,peoplehowtocommunicatewitheachother?

Certainlytheyneednon-verbalmeans.Itcanbesaidthat,whenhumanbeingshave,wehavenon-verbalcommunication.Butnon-verballanguagecommunicationisyoung.Whenhumanbeingssteppedintothe19thcentury,onenewsociologicalscienceappearedinfrontofoureyes,thatis,astudyonsilentlanguage.Bodylanguagecameintoournormallifefromthenon.Asasubject,bodylanguageonlyhastwohundredyearsold.Peoplehavejustanalyzedbodylanguagesincethe1870s.TheearliestbookaboutbodylanguageisCharlesDarwin'sTheExpressionoftheEmotionsinManandAnimalsthatpublishedin1872.Thisbookrecordedtheexpressionsandgesturesinvoluntarilyusedbymenandanimals,undertheinfluenceofvariousemotionsandsensations.

Withthedevelopmentofstudyingbodylanguage,EdwardT.Hall,aleadingAmericananthropologist,publishedTheSilentLanguagein1959.Inthisbook,hereachedanewlevelofresearchonbodylanguage.Heanalyzedthatdifferentcountrieshaddifferentbodylanguageandhefoundtheimportanceofstudyingbodylanguageincross-culturalcommunication.Andanotherfamouspsychologist,AlbetMehrabianfoundthattheeffectivenessofspokencommunicationsfollowthisformula,“Sevenpercentofmeaningisinthewordsthatarespoken.Thirty-eightpercentofmeaningisparalinguisticthewaythatthewordsaresaid.Fifty-fivepercentofmeaningisinfacialexpression.”1Thistellsus,people’scommoncommunicationcannotbedonewithoutbodylanguage.

ThemostfamouspursuerofbodylanguagewasJuliusFastin20thcentury.HewastheauthorofBodyLanguagepublishedin1970,aformersenioreditoratMedicalNews,andpreviousteacherofbodylanguageatTheNewSchoolForSocialResearchandatConnecticutStateCollege.Throughoutthisbook,hereferstomanypsychologists’opinionsandresearch.Thisbookgavethereaderagoodunderstandingaboutthebasisofthestudyofkinesics.

Whilemuchnonverbalcommunicationisbasedonarbitrarysymbols,whichdifferfromculturetoculture,alargeproportionisalsotosomeextenticonicandmaybeuniversallyunderstood.AmericanpsychologistPaulEkman’sinfluentialstudiesinthe1980sofemotionalexpressiondeterminedthatexpressionsofanger,disgust,fear,joy,sadnessandsurpriseareuniversal.Ekmanisaworld-renownedexpertinemotionalresearchandnonverbalcommunication.Fromthattimeon,manyscientistshaverecordedonemillionkindsofbodylanguagestoshowthedifferentmeaningofpeople’sminds.

Withthecontinualexplorationaboutbodylanguage,peoplehavegotmoreprofoundunderstanding.Studiesnowrangeacrossanumberoffields,includingkinesicslinguistics,semioticsandsocialpsychology.Kinesicsisanon-verbalbehaviorrelatedtomovement,eitherofanypartofthebody,orthebodyasawhole.Inshortallcommunicativebodymovementsaregenerallyclassifiedaskinesics.Silentlanguagehasbecomeanewbranchoflinguistics.Semioticsisthescienceofcommunicationandsignsystems,inshort,ofthewayspeopleunderstandphenomenaandorganizethemmentally,andofthewaysinwhichtheydevisemeansfortransmittingthatunderstandingandforsharingitwithothers.Socialpsychologyisthestudyofhowsocialconditionsaffecthumanbeings.Proxemicsisabouthowpeopleuseandinterpretspace.

Fromabove,wecanseetheresearchaboutbodylanguageisdevelopingallthetime.Now,thesescientistshaveachievedsomanyremarka