12月大学英语四级考试全真预测试题.doc

12月大学英语四级考试全真预测试题.doc

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2010年12月大学英语四级考试全真预测试题

PartⅠWriting（30minutes）

Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicGenerationGap.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:

1.代沟的表现。

2.代沟出现的家庭原因。

3.代沟出现的社会原因。

GenerationGap

PartⅡReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）（15minutes）

Directions:

Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.Forquestion8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

AnimalsontheMove

Itlookedlikeascenefrom“Jaws”butwithoutthedramaticmusic.Ahugesharkwaslowlyswimmingthroughthewater,itstailswingingbackandforthlikethependulumofaclock.

Suddenlysensitivenerveendingintheshark餾skinpickedupvibrationsofastrugglingfish.Thesharkwasimmediatelytransformedintoadeadly,efficientmachineofdeath.Withmusclestaut,thesharkknifedthroughthewateratarapidspeed.Inaflashthesharkcaughtitsvictim,alargefish,initspowerfuljaws.Then,jerkingitsheadbackandforth,thesharktorehugechunksoffleshfromitsvictimandswallowedthem.Soontheactionwasover.

MovingtoSurvive

Inpursuingitsprey,thesharkdemonstratedinadramaticwaytheimportantroleofmovement,orlocomotion,inanimals.

Liketheshark,mostanimalsusemovementtofindfood.Theyalsouselocomotiontoescapeenemies,findamate,andexplorenewterritories.Themethodsoflocomotionincludecrawling,hopping,slithering,flying,swimming,orwalking.

Humanshavetheaddedadvantageofusingtheirvariousinventionstomoveaboutinjustaboutanykindofenvironment.Automobiles,rockets,andsubmarinestransporthumansfromdeepoceanstoasfarawayasthemoon.However,forotheranimalsmovementcameaboutnaturallythroughmillionsofyearsofevolution.Oneofthemostsuccessfulexamplesofanimallocomotionisthatoftheshark.Itsabilitytoquicklyzeroinonitspreyhasalwaysimpressedscientists.ButittookadetailedstudybyDukeUniversitymarinebiologistsS.A.Wainwright,F.Vosburgh,andJ.H.Hebranktofindouthowthesharksdidit.IntheirstudythescientistsobservedsharksswimminginatankatMarinelandinSaintAugustine,Fla.Moviesweretakenofthesharks’movementsandanalyzed.Studieswerealsomadeofsharkskinandmuscle.

SkinIstheKey

Thebiologistsdiscoveredthattheskinofthesharkisthekeytotheanimal’shighefficiencyinswimmingthroughthewater.Theskincontainsmanyfibersthatcrisscrossliketheinsideofabeltedradialtire.Thefibersarecalledcollagenfibers.Thesefiberscaneitherstoreorreleaselargeamountsofenergydependingonwhetherthefibersarerelaxedortaut.Whenthefibersarestretched,energyisstoredinthemthewayenergyisstoredinthestringofabowwhenpulledtight.Whentheenergyisreleased,thefibersbecomerelaxed.

TheDukeUniversitybiologistshavefoundthatthegreateststretchingoccurswherethesharkbendsitsbodywhileswimming.Duringthebody’sbackandforthmotion,fibersalongtheoutsidepartofthebendingbodystretchgreatly.Muchpotentialenergyisstoredinthefibers.Thisenergyisreleasedwhentheshark’sbodysnapsbacktheotherway.

Asenergyisalternatelystoredandreleasedonbothsidesoftheanimal’sbody,thetailwhipsstronglybackandforth.Thiswhip-likeactionpropelstheanimalthroughthewaterlikealivingbullet.

SourceofEnergy

Whatcausesthefiberstostoresomuchenergy?

InfindingtheanswertheDukeUniversityscientistslearnedthattheshark餾similaritytoabeltedradialtiredoesn餿stopwiththeskin.Justasaradialtireisinflatedbypressure,so,too,istheareajustundertheshark餾collagen“radials”.Insteadofairpressure,however,thepressureinthesharkmaybeduetotheforceofthebloodpressingonthecollagenfibers.

Whenthesharkswimsslowly,thepressureonthefibersisrelativelylow.Thefibersaremorerelaxed,andthesharkisabletobenditsbodyatsharpangles.Theanimalswimsthiswaywhenlookingaroundforfoodorjustswimming.However,whenthesharkdetectsanimportantfoodsource,somefantasticinvoluntarychangestakeplace.

Thepressureinsidetheanimalmayincreaseby10times.Thispressurechangegreatlystretchesthefibers,enablingmuchenergytobestored.

Thisenergyisthentransferredtothetail,andthesharkisoff.Therestofthestoryispredictable.

DolphinHasSpeedRecord

Anotherfastmarineanimalisthedolphin.Thisseagoingmammalhasbeenclockedatspeedsof32kilometers（20miles）anhour.Biologistsstudyingthedolphinhavediscoveredthat,liketheshark,theanimal’sefficientlocomotioncanbetracedtoitsskin.Adolphin’sskinismadeupinsuchawaythatitoffersverylittleresistancetothewaterflowingoverit.Normallywhenafishorotherobjectmovesslowlythroughthewater,thewaterflowssmoothlypastthebody.Thissmoothflowisknownaslaminarflow.However,atfasterspeedsthewaterbecomesmoreturbulentalongthemovingfish.Thisturbulencemusesfrictionandslowsthefishdown.

Inadolphintheskinissoflexiblethatitbendsandyieldstothewavinessofthewater.

Thewaves,ineffect,becometuckedintotheskin’sfolds.Thisallowstherestofthewatertomovesmoothlybyinalaminarflow.Whereotheranimalswouldbeslowedbyturbulentwateratrapidspeeds,thedolphincanracethroughthewateratrecordbreakingspeeds.

OtherAnimalsLessEfficient

Notallanimalsmoveasefficientlyassharksanddolphins.Perhapsthegreatestloserinlocomotionefficiencyistheslug.Theslug,whichlookslikeasnailwithoutashell,laysdownaslimytrailoverwhichitcrawls.Itusessomuchenergyproducingtheslimymucusandcrawlingoveritthatamousetravelingthesamedistanceusesonlyonetwelfthasmuchenergy.

Scientistssaythatbecauseoftheslug’sinefficientuseofenergy,itslifestylemustberestricted.Thatis,theanimalsareforcedtoconfinethemselvestosmallareasforobtainingfoodandfindingproperlivingconditions.Havehumanseverbeenfacedwiththiskindofproblem?

1.Accordingtothepassage,asharkcanusemovementtodosomethingexcept_________.

A）tofindfood

B）toavoidbeingchasedbyitsenemies

C）tofindanewplacetolive

D）toshowitsbraveness

2.Examplesofautomobiles,rocketsandsubmarinesareusedtoshowthat____.

A）humansarethemostcleverlivingcreaturesintheworld

B）humaninventionsenableustotravelinalmostanykindofenvironment

C）humansareverysuccessfulininventingtransportationtools

D）humanscan’tmovelikeotheranimalsinanycircumstances

3.Whatisthekeytotheshark’sswiftlocomotioninwater?

A）Theskin.B）Thetail.C）Themuscle.D）Thejaw.

4.AccordingtotheDukeUniversityscientists,whendoesthesharkstretchitscollagenfiberstothegreatestextent?

A）Whenmovingitstailrapidly.

B）Whenfindingitspreys.

C）Whenstayingwithoutanymovement.

D）Whenbendingitsbodyinswimming.

5.Whyistheareajustundertheshark’scollagenfiberssimilartoabeltedradialtire?

A）Becauseitisalsofullofbloodpressure.

B）Becauseitisalsofilledofairpressure.

C）Becauseitisalsoinflatedbypressure.

D）Becauseitalsocanbeusedagainandagain.

6.Alaminarflowisformedwhenafishswims_________.

A）slowlythroughthewaterB）rapidlythroughthewater

C）againstthecurrentD）atthefastestspeedinwater

7.Consumingtheequalamountofenergyasaslugdoes,amousecantravelaslongasit.

A）onetwelfthtimes.B）thesame.

C）12times.D）1.2times.

8.Asharkfindsitspreyby________________-.

9.Accordingtothepassage,canbecomparedtothestringofabowforbothofthemstoreenergywhenstretched_______________.

10.Whenthesharkdetectsanimportantfoodsource,takeplace_____________.

PartⅢListeningComprehension（35minutes）

SectionA

Directions:

Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions11to18arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

11.A）Inanoffice.B）Onafarm.

C）Inaclinic.D）Inarestaurant.

12.A）Whenhewassixteen.B）Whenhewastwenty瞣ne.

C）Whenhewasthirteen.D）Whenhewaseighteen.

13.A）Thursday9am.—5pm.B）Saturday9am.—5pm.

C）Sunday2am.—5pm.D）Monday2am.—5pm.

14.A）Sheshopped.B）Shesewed.

C）Sherepairedhercar.D）Sheboughtsometobacco.

15.A）Helpthewoman.B）Gohomeatfiveo’clock.

C）Typesomeletters.D）WorktogetherwithMr.Smith.

16.A）Thefirstspeaker.B）Merry.

C）Linda.D）Thesecondspeaker.

17.A）Heneedstosleepforthreeorfourhours.

B）Hewantstobuyasetofcoffeecups.

C）Hewillneedmorethanonecupofcoffee.

D）Hehasbeenwideawakefortime.

18.A）Onthe2ndfloor.B）Onthe3rdfloor.

C）Onthe9thfloor.D）Onthe4thfloor.

Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

19.A）Gotosummerschool.B）Takeavacation.

C）Stayathome.D）Earnsomemoney.

20.A）Theyhiredsomeonetostayintheirhome.

B）Theylefttheirpetswithneighbors.

C）Theyrentedtheirhousetoastudent.

D）Theyaskedtheirgardenertowatchtheirhome.

21.A）Walkingthedog.B）Cuttingthegrass.

C）Watchingthechildren.D）Feedi