机械设计外文翻译7243268.docx

机械设计外文翻译7243268.docx

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机械设计外文翻译7243268

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IntroducitonofMachining

Haveashapeasaprocessingmethod,allmachiningprocessfortheproductionofthemostcommonlyusedandmostimportantmethod.Machiningprocessisaprocessgeneratedshape,inthisprocess,Driversdeviceontheworkpiecematerialtobeintheformofchipremoval.Althoughinsomeoccasions,theworkpieceundernocircumstances,theuseofmobileequipmenttotheprocessing,However,themajorityofthemachiningisnotonlysupportingtheworkpiecealsosupportingtoolsandequipmenttocomplete.

Machiningknowtheprocess.Forcasting,forgingandmachiningpressure,everyproductionofaspecificshapeoftheworkpiece,evenaspareparts,almosttheshapeofthestructure,toalargeextent,dependoneffectiveintheformofrawmaterials.Ingeneral,throughtheuseofexpensiveequipmentandwithoutspecialprocessingconditions,canbealmostanytypeofrawmaterials,mechanicalprocessingtoconverttherawmaterialsprocessedintothearbitraryshapeofthestructure,aslongastheexternaldimensionslargeenough,itispossible.Becauseofaproductionofspareparts,evenwhenthepartsandstructureoftheproductionbatchsizesaresuitablefortheoriginalcasting,Forgingorpressureprocessingtoproduce,butusuallyprefermachining.

PrimaryCuttingParameters

Cuttingtheworkpieceandtoolbasedonthebasicrelationshipbetweenthefollowingfourelementstofullydescribe:

thetoolgeometry,cuttingspeed,feedrate,depthandpenetrationofacuttingtool.

CuttingToolsmustbeofasuitablematerialtomanufacture,itmustbestrong,tough,ordertoeffectivelyprocessing,andcuttingspeedmustadapttothelevelofspecificparts--withknives.Generally,themoretheworkpieceortoolforreciprocatingmovementandfeedrateoneachtripthroughthemeasurementofinches.Generally,inotherconditions,feedrateandcuttingspeedisinverselyproportionalto。

Depthofpenetrationofacuttingtool--toinchesdollars--isthetooltotheworkpiecedistance.Rotarycuttingittothechiporequaltothewidthofthelinearcuttingchipthickness.Roughthanfinishing,deeperpenetrationofacuttingtooldepth.

WearsofCuttingTool

Wealreadyprocessedandtherattleofthecountlesscracksedgetool,welearnthattoolweararebasicallythreeforms:

flankwear,theformerflankwearandV-Notchwear.Flankwearoccurredinboththemainbladeoccurredviceblade.Onthemainblade,shoulderremovedbecausemostmetalchipmandate,whichresultedinanincreasecuttingforceandcuttingtemperatureincrease,Ifnotallowedtocheck,Thatcouldleadtotheworkpieceandthetoolvibrationandprovideforefficientcuttingconditionsmaynolongerexist.Vice-bladedon,itisdeterminedworkpiecedimensionsandsurfacefinish.Flankwearsizeofthepossiblefailureoftheproductandsurfacefinisharealsoinferior.Inmostactualcuttingconditions,astheprincipalintheformerfirstdeputyflankbeforeflankwear,weararrivalenough,Toolwillbeeffective,theresultsaremadeunqualifiedparts.

AsToolstressonthesurfaceuneven,chipandflankbeforeslidingcontactzonebetweenstress,inslidingcontactthestartofthelargest,andincontactwiththetailofzero,soabrasivewearintheregionoccurred.Thisisbecausethecardcuttingedgethanthenearbysettlementsnearthemoreseriouswear,andbladedchipduetothevicinityoftheformerflankandlostcontactwearlighter.ThisresultsfromacertaindistancefromthecuttingedgeofthesurfaceformedbeforetheknifepointMapit,whichisusuallyconsideredbeforewear.Undernormalcircumstances,thisiswearcross-sectionalshapeofanarc.Inmanyinstancesandfortheactualcuttingconditions,theformerflankwearcomparedtoflankwearlight,Thereforeflankwearmoregenerallyasatoolfailureofscalesigns.Butbecausemanyauthorsthecuttingspeedoftheincrease,Maetosurfacetemperaturethantheknifesurfacetemperaturesfaster.butbecauseanyformofwearrateisessentiallytemperaturechangesbythesignificantimpact.Therefore,theformerusuallywearin.

Themaintoolflankwearthetailisnotprocessedwiththeworkpiecesurfaceincontact,Thereforeflankwearthanwearalongwiththeendsmorevisible,whichisthemostcommon.Thisisbecausethelocaleffect,whichisasroughonthesurfacefrontoftheskin,thebladelocaltheCuttingToolnatureisnotmeaningfulimpact,butoftenpitsgraduallybecomedarkerIfcuttingcontinuedthecase,thentherecutterfracturecrisis.

Ifanyformofsexualallowedtowear,eventuallywearrateincreaseobviouslywillbeatooltodestroyfailuredestruction,thatwillnolongertoolforcutting,causetheworkpiecescrapped,itisgood,cancauseseriousdamagemachine.Forvariouscarbidecuttingtoolsandforthevarioustypesofwear,intheeventofaseriouslapse,onthetoolthat-uniformityofwear,found:

Whenthewearandeventoallowforaseriouslapse,themostmeaningfulisthatthetoolcanre-milluse,ofcourse,Inpractice,cuttingthetimetousethantheshorttimelapse.Severalphenomenaareonetoolseriouslapsebeganfeatures:

themostcommonisthesuddenincreasecuttingforce,appearedontheworkpieceburningringpatternsandanincreaseinnoise.

TheEffectofChangesinCuttingParametersonCuttingTemperatures

Inmetalcuttingoperationstheprimaryandsecondarydeformationzonesandthisresultsinacomplextemperaturedistributionthroughoutthetool,workpieceandchip.Atypicalsetofisothermsisshowninfigurewhereitcanbeseenthat,ascouldbeexpected,thereisaverylargetemperaturegradientthroughoutthewidthofthechipastheworkpiecematerialisshearedinprimarydeformationandthereisafurtherlargetemperatureinthechipadjacenttothefaceasthechipisshearedinsecondarydeformation.Thisleadstoamaximumcuttingtemperatureashortdistanceupthefacefromthecuttingedgeandasmalldistanceintothechip.

Sincevirtuallyalltheworkdoneinmetalcuttingisconvertedintoincreaseintherakeangle,allotherparametersremainingconstant,willreducethepowerperunitvolumeofmetalremovedandcuttingtemperatureswillreduce.Whenconsideringincreaseinundeformedchipthicknessandcuttingspeedthesituationismorecomples.Anincreaseinundeformedchipthicknessandcuttingspeedthesituationismorecomplex.Anincreaseinundeformedchipthicknesstendstobeascaleeffectwheretheamountsofinfixedproportionsandthechangesincuttingtemperaturetendtobesmall.Increaseincuttingspeed,primarydeformation.Further,thesecondarydeformationzonetendstobesmallerandthisthiszone.Otherchangesincuttingparametersthepowerconsumedperunitvolumeofmetalremovedandconsequentlythepowerconsumedperunitvolumeofmetalremovedandconsequentlythecuttingtemperatures.Sinceitshownthatevensmallchangesincuttingtemperaturetoolwearrate,itisappropriatetoindicatebeassessedfromcuttingdata.

Themostdirectandaccuratemethodformeasuringtemperaturesinontemperaturedistributionsinmachiningawiderangeofworkpiecematerials.Thistechniquefurtherdevelopedbyusingscanningelectronmicroscopytostudyfine-scalemicrostructuralchangessrisingfromovertemperingofthetemperedmartensiticmatrixofvarioususedtostudytemperaturedistributionsinboth

Assemblyequipmentusedinthetraditionalsynchronousfixtureputpartsofthefixturemobilecenter,toensurethatcomponentsfromtransmissionfromtheplaneorequipmentplateplacedafterremovalscheduledforposition.However,incertainapplications,mobilemandatorypartsofthecenterline,itmaycausepartsorequipmentdamage.Whenpartsvulnerabilityandmayleadtoasmallvibrationabandoned,orwhentheirlocationisbymachinespindleorspecifictodie,Toleranceagainorwhentherequestisasophisticated,itwouldratherletthefixturetoadapttothelocationofparts,andnotthecontrary.Forthesetasks,Elyria,Ohio,thecompanyageneralnon-functionaldatasynchronizationWestcategoryFLEXIBILITYfixture.Fixturebecauseoftheinteractionandsynchronizationdevicesisindependent,Thesynchronousdevicecanusesophisticatedequipmenttoreplacetheslipwithoutaffectingthefixtureforce.Fixturespecificationrangefrom0.2inchesitinerary,5poundsclampingforceofthesix-inchtrip,400-inchclampingforce.

Thecharacteristicsofmodernproductionisbecomingsmallerandsmallerquantitiesandproductspecificationsbiggestchanges.Therefore,inthefinalstagesofproduction,assemblyofproduction,quantityandproductdesignchangesappeartobeparticularlyvulnerable.Thissituationisforcingmanycompaniestomakegreatereffortstorationalizetheextensivereformandthepreviouslymentionedcaseofassemblyautomation.Despiteflexiblefixturebehindtherapiddevelopmentofflexibletransportandthedevelopmentofindustrialrobots,itisstillexpectedtoincreasetheflexibilityfixture.Infacttheimportantfixturedevices--theproductionofthedevicestostrengtheninvestmentonthefixturesothatmoreflexibilityineconomicsupportbedividedinto:

specialfixture,thefixturecombinations,thestandardfixture,differentpartsoftheirtransformthestructureoftheflexiblefixturecanbeinstalledwiththechangeofstructurecomponents（suchasneedlecheekplate,Multi-chipcomponentsandflakecheekplate）,anon-standardworkpiecegripperorclampingelements（forexample:

commencementstandardwithaclampingfixtureandmobilecomponentsfixturesupportingdocuments）,orwithceramicor,thepartsweresecuredfixture,theneedtogenerateclampin