定语从句讲解.docx
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定语从句讲解
定语从句讲解
1.注意英汉差异:
汉语的定语无论多长都放在被修饰词的前面,而英语中的定语则不然,是一个词时,放在被修饰词的前面,如:
①.abeautifulgirl
②.alovelyboy
是两个以上的词组、短语或从句则放在被修饰词的后面,如:
③.Sheisthegirlinred.
她就是穿红衣的女孩。
④.Theladycarriedabagfullofmoney.
那位女士背了个装满钱的包。
⑤.Heisthemanwhoyouarelookingfor.
她就是你在找的人。
2.分清主句与从句,看究竟哪个句子缺少成分。
如上面第5:
主句:
Heistheman
从句:
whoyouarelookingfor
在从句中,lookingfor的宾语是theman.因此选用关系代词who(whom)放置于句首,便是定语从句。
3.从句中做宾语的关系代词可以省略,
故第5题可以写成:
Heisthemanyouarelookingfor.
1、功能:
相当于形容词,修饰名词或代词,在句中作定语
2、位置:
定语从句置于被修饰词之后
Thosewhoarewillingtoattendtheparty,signhereplease.
3、先行词:
被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词
(1)先行词一般是名词和不定代词,如:
some-,any-,every-和no与-boy,-thing的合成词;或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。
数词也可以作先行词,人称代词也同样可作先行词。
(2)先行词与关系词是等量关系。
必须注意两点:
①先行词在从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。
Thisistheplacewhichisworthvisiting.
②关系词在从句句子中充当了成分,其意思就是先行词的意义,所以在从句中不能重复其意。
Therearemanyplaceswecanvisit(them)inChina.
4、关系词:
引导定语从句的都称关系词
关系代词:
who,whom,which,that,whose,as.
关系副词:
when,where,why.(that偶尔也作关系副词。
)
5、确定关系词的步骤
(1)先找关系词,看先行词指的是什么。
(2)看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。
6、在定语从句中,当先行词指物时,下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which
(1)先行词被①形容词最高级②序数词③数词几种词修饰或被④only、any、few、little、no、all、oneof等修饰时。
(2)先行词为all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代词时。
(3)先行词中既有人又有物时。
Hewaslookingpleasantlyattechildrenandparcelsthatfilledhisbus.
(4)先行词在主句中作表语关系词在从句中作表语时。
Thevillageisnolongertheonethatwas5yearsago.
(5)当主句中含有疑问词which时。
Whicharethebooksthatyouboughtforme?
7、指物时,宜用which而不用that的情况
(1)在非限制性定语从句中
(2)在关系词前有介词时
(3)当先行词本身是that时
(4)当关系词离先行词较远时
8、关系词who与that指人时,也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词
(1)当主句是therebe句型时,关系词用who。
(2)先行词是为anyone、those、someone、everyone、one等词时,关系词用who。
(3)当主句是who作疑问词时,关系词用that。
Whoisthatgirlthatisstandingbythewindow?
(4)whom在从句中只作宾语,可被who取代。
9、whose作关系词既指人又指物,在从句中作定语。
如:
DoyouknowMr.Smithwhosestoryisverymoving?
Thereisaroom,whosewindowfacestheriver.
Thereisaroom,thewindowofwhichfacestheriver.
10、关系代词as,在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。
(1)先行词被such/as/so/和thesame修饰,或句型asmany(much)中,作定语时,从句都用as引导。
Suchbooksasyouboughtareuseful.
Theschoolisjustthesameasitwas10yearsage.
注意:
区别①such/as/so…that…及thesame…that…引导的结果状语从句。
Theyaresuchlovelychildrenthatwelovethemmuch.②such/as/so…as…及thesame…as…引导定语从句。
Iwanttousethesametoolasyouusedjustnow.
(2)先行词为一句话时,定语从句用as和which引导。
区别:
①意义上:
as含有“这点正如……一样”。
②位置上:
as从句可置句首,也可在另处(which不能放在句首)。
Hedidn’tpasstheexam,aswehadexpected.
Thereislotsofairinloosesnow,whichcankeepthecoldout.
Asisknown,theearthisround,notflat.
11、关系副词when与where、why、(that)
when指时间=in/at/on/duringwhich
where指地点=in/at/from/which
why指原因=forwhich
当先行词为way、day、reason、time时,可用that作关系副词。
(非正式场合)
Idon’tlikethewaythat/inwhich/×hetalks.
当time作先行词时,关系词可以省掉。
ThisisthefirsttimeIhavegivenyoualessoninFrench.
12、必须注意的问题
(1)关系词作主语时,从句中谓语的数。
(2)注意区别定语从句与强调句。
①定语从句中关系词作从句成分,复合句。
②强调句中it无意义,that/who不是引导词。
③强调句中itis/was和that/who后如果句子意思讲得通则是强调句,讲不通则不是。
(3)定语从句与同位语从句的区别。
①定语从句引导词被称为关系词,that充当主语、宾语、表语。
有时可省略。
②同位语从句引导词被叫做连词,that不能充当任何成分,不可省。
Wordcamethattheirarmywasdefeated.(同位语)
Weexpressedtothemourwishthatwasthesameastheir.(定语)
(4)关系词在从句中省略的情况。
①关系词作宾语,前无介词时。
②关系词作表语。
(5)限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的翻译。
(6)关系词前有介词或复杂介词,关系词只能是which和whom。
(7)几个特殊的定语从句句型:
①Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohasgotverygoodmarksinthematch.(句中one为先行词)
Heisoneofthestudentswhohavegotgoodmarksinthematch.(句中students为先行词)
②Isthisplacetheone(that)wevisitedyesterday?
Isthistheplace(that/which)wevisitedyesterday?
③Hestoodatthewindow,fromwherehecouldseewhatwashappening.
④Itmayrain,inwhichcasethematchwillbeputoff.
精典名题导解
选择填空
1.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome_________Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfarawayvillage.
A.untilB.thatC.whenD.where
2.___________isknowntoeverybody,thenoontravelsaroundtheearthonceeverymonth.
A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What
3.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown___________hegrewupasachild.
A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when
定语从句的“干扰”作用
定语从句,就其功能来说,在整个句子中相当于一个形容词,对某一名词或代词起着修饰作用,作定语。
在掌握它的各种功能的同时,我们还要注意到含有定语从句的句子在补充信息的同时,关系词与其他连词容易混淆,尤其是与其他句式的结合,更使得整个句子显得扑朔迷离,使考生感到无从下手,我们说此时定语从句起的是干扰作用。
本文结合具体例子来谈此种现象。
一、把定语从句与强调句型混为一谈,从而构成相互干扰。
本句型变化的特征在被强调部分或其他部分中找出一个先行词,附上修饰该部分的定语从句,这样整个句子结构就变得非常复杂。
例如:
1.——Hewasnearlydrownedonce.
——Whenwas_______?
——____wasin1998______hewasinmiddleschool.
A.that;It;whenB.this;This;whenC.this;It;thatD.that;It;that
在下面的两个句子里,划线部分均为起干扰性的定语从句。
2.Itwasinthevillagewherehewasbornthathespenthischildhood.
3.Itwasplayingcomputergamesthatcosttheboyplentyoftime(that)heoughttohavespentdoinghislessons.
二、定语从句干扰主句的谓语。
4.Theletterwewerelookingforwardto_____yesterday.
A.comingB.cameC.comeD.hascome
5.Wasthecarhehadrepaired?
三、定语从句对和名词性从句的相互干扰。
由于形式上的近似,定语从句对名词性从句起着干扰作用,造成考生分不清究竟是定语从句或是名词性从句。
做此类题时要慎重,细心。
A.定语从句干扰表语从句
6.Isthisschool______yourfatherworkedintenyearsago?
7.Isthisschool______yourfatherworkedtenyearsago?
A.whereB.whatC.thatD.theone
下面两句都是定语从句,只不过是关系词的不同。
8.Isthistheschoolthatyourfathervisitedtenyearsago?
9.Isthistheschoolwhereyourfatherworkedtenyearsago?
有时虽同为定语从句,但修饰的先行词却不同:
10.Isthisroomtheonehelivedinlastyear?
(修饰theone)
11.Isthistheroomhelivedinlastyear?
(修饰theroom)
B.定语从句干扰同位语从句
12.Thesuggestion_________youshoulddoitatonceisnottheone_______Igaveyou.
A.what;whichB.which;whatC.that;thatD.which;that
13.Weallhaveheardthenewsthatourteamwon.
14.Wedon’tbelievethenewsthat/whichhetoldustheotherday.
C.定语从句干扰主语从句
15.Asisknowntoall,TaiwanispartofChina.
16.ItisknowntoallthatTaiwanispartofChina.
下面是一些同类的例子,请认真把握:
17.Thesuggestionhethoughtofwasreasonable.
18.Thesuggestionwasthathe(should)leaveimmediately.
19.Thesuggestionthatheleaveimmediatelyisreasonable.
20.Itismysuggestionthatheleaveimmediately.
21.Itisafactthathewasathief.
22.Thefactthathewasathiefsurprisedeveryonepresent.
23.Inearlyforgotthefactthathetoldmeyesterday.
24.Thewarandsufferingitcausedaffectedhimgreatly.
四、定语从句对状语从句的干扰作用。
25.Heis_____acleverboy_______wealllikehim.
A.such;thatB.such;asC.so;thatD.so;as
26.Heissuchagoodstudentasislikedbyeveryone.(定语从句)
27.Heissuchagoodstudentthatheislikedbyeveryone.(结果状语从句)
下面这个题把定语从句和结果状语从句有机地结合在一起,请欣赏:
28.Itissuchagoodplace______everybodywantstogoandvisit_____itiswellknownallovertheworld.
A.that;thatB.as;asC.as;thatD.that;as
五、定语从句与独立主格结构的相互干扰。
29.Witheverythingsheneededbought,shelefttheshophappily.
30.Notfarfromtheclub,therewasagarden,_____ownerseatedinitplayingbridgewithhischildreneveryafternoon.
A.whoseB.itsC.whichD.that
六、定语从句对主谓一致句式的干扰
31.Oneoftheboyswho______myfriends______verygoodatEnglish.
A.is;areB.are;isC.is;isD.are;are
32.Heisoneofthestudentswhoarelateforclass.
33.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhoislateforclass.
七、定语从句对并列句的干扰作用。
34.Ihavetwonovels,andbothof________areinteresting.
35.Ihavetwonovels,bothof_______areinteresting.
A.whatB.themC.whichD.whom
八、定语从句对一些固定句式的干扰
36.Youcan’timaginethehardtimeshehad______thechildren.
A.bringingupB.tobringupC.growingD.onraising
下面的几例都是由正常的句式转化而成的定语从句,你能看出其常见的结构吗?
37.Thewashingmachineshehadhadrepairedwentwrongagain.
38.Youcan’timaginethedifficultyIhadfindingyourlostcar.
39.Thepersonyouhadhelpmeprovedtobecapable.
40.Ilayinthesofa,enjoyingthebeautifulmusicJackhadcomingoutofhisDVD.
定语从句练习
填入适当的关系代词或关系副词
1.Thehouse____Iwouldliketobuyisnotforsale.
2.Thankyouforthehelp______youhavegivenme.
3.Hegavemoneytotheporter____carriedhisluggage.
4.Isthereanything___youdon’tunderstand?
5.Doyouknowanyone____wantstobuyasecond-handmotorbike?
6.Thebike____myunclegavemewasveryexpensive.
7.Thethief____hadrobbedthemanwascaughtbythepolice.
8.Hewenttotheprimaryschool____heoncestudiedfouryears.
9.What’stheaddressofthefactory___advertisementwenoticed
theotherday?
10.All___glittersisnotgold.
11.Isawsometrees____leaveswereblackwithdisease.
12.Isthereanyreason____youshouldhaveaholiday?
13.Hemaybelate,in____caseweoughttowaitforhim.
14.Thisistheonlything____haseverbeenbuilt.
15.Thatistheonlything____hehasinhispocket.
16.Itwasameeting_____importanceIdidn’trealizeatthetime.
17.Thatwastheway_____hedidit.
18.Themonumentwasthefirstplace____theywenttovisitwhile
theywereinChina.
19.Iknowaforest_____youcanfindwildstrawberries.
20.Thisisthestadium_____heoftengoestoonSundays.
填入“介词+关系代词”:
1.Theship,____theEuropeanssailedtotheAmericancontinent,wascalledtheMayflower.
2.Thefamily_________IstayedinRomeiscomingtoEnglandsoon.
3.Hehaswrittenabook,thename_________Ihavecompletelyforgotten.
4.Itis