六级新题型模拟题doc.docx
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六级新题型模拟题doc
Directions:
Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.
DaylightSavingTime(DST)
HowandWhenDidDaylightSavingTimeStart?
[A]BenjaminFranklin—of“earlytobedandearlytorise”fame—wasapparentlythefirstpersontosuggesttheconceptofdaylightsavings.WhileservingasU.S.ambassadortoFranceinParis,Franklinwroteofbeing
awakenedat6a.m.andrealizing,tohissurprise,thatthesunwouldrisefarearlierthanheusuallydid.Imagine
theresourcesthatmightbesavedifheandothersrosebeforenoonandburnedlessmidnightoil,Franklin,tonguehalfincheek,wrotetoanewspaper.
[B]Itwasn’tuntilWorldWarIthatdaylightsavingswererealizedonagrandscale.Germanywasthefirststatetoadoptthetimechanges,toreduceartificiallightingandtherebysavecoalforthewareffort.Friendsandfoessoonfollowedsuit.IntheU.S.afederallawstandardizedtheyearlystartandendofdaylightsavingtimein1918—forthestatesthatchosetoobserveit.
[C]DuringWorldWarIItheU.S.madedaylightsavingtimemandatory^强制的)forthewholecountry,asawaytosavewartimeresources.BetweenFebruary9,1942,andSeptember30,1945,thegovernmenttookitastepfurther.Duringthisperioddaylightsavingtimewasobservedyear-round,essentiallymakingitthenewstandardtime,ifonlyforafewyears.Manyyearslater,theEnergyPolicyActof2005wasenacted,mandatingacontroversialmonth-longextensionofdaylightsavingtime,startingin2007.
DaylightSavingTime:
EnergySaverorJustTimeSuck?
[D]Inrecentyearsseveralstudieshavesuggestedthatdaylightsavingtimedoesn’tactuallysaveenergy—andmightevenresultinanetloss.EnvironmentaleconomistHendrikWolff,oftheUniversityofWashington,co-authoredapaperthatstudiedAustralianpower-usedatawhenpartsofthecountryextendeddaylightsavingtimeforthe2000SydneyOlympicsandothersdidnot.Theresearchersfoundthatthepracticereducedlightingandelectricityconsumptionintheeveningbutincreasedenergyuseinthenowdarkmornings—wipingouttheeveninggains.That’sbecausetheextrahourthatdaylightsavingtimeaddsintheeveningisahotterhour.“Soifpeoplegethomeanhourearlierinawarmerhouse,theyturnontheirairconditioning,”theUniversityofWashington’sWolffsaid.
[E]Butotherstudiesdoshowenergygains.InanOctober2008daylightsavingtimereporttoCongress,mandatedbythesame2005energyactthatextendeddaylightsavingtime,theU.S.DepartmentofEnergyassertedthatspringingforwarddoessaveenergy.Extendeddaylightsavingtimesaved1.3terawatt(太瓦)hoursofelectricity.ThatfiguresuggeststhatdaylightsavingtimereducesannualU.S.electricityconsumptionby0.03percentandoverallenergyconsumptionby0.02percent.Whilethosepercentagesseemsmall,theycouldrepresentsignificantsavingsbecauseofthenation’senormoustotalenergyuse.
[F]What*smore,savingsinsomeregionsareapparentlygreaterthaninothers.California,forinstance,appearstobenefitmostfromdaylightsavingtime—perhapsbecauseitsrelativelymildweatherencouragespeopletostayoutdoorslater.TheEnergyDepartmentreportfoundthatdaylightsavingtimeresultedinanenergysavingsofonepercentdailyinthestate.
[G]ButWolff,oneofmanyscholarswhocontributedtothefederalreport,suggestedthatthenumbersweresubjecttostatisticalvariability(变化)andshouldn’tbetakenashardfacts.Anddaylightsavings,energygainsintheU.S.largelydependonyourlocationinrelationtotheMason-DixonLine,Wolffsaid.“TheNorthmightbeaslightwinner,becausetheNorthdoesn’thaveasmuchairconditioning,”hesaid.“ButtheSouthisadefiniteloserintermsofenergyconsumption.TheSouthhasmoreenergyconsumptionunderdaylightsaving.”
DaylightSavingTime:
HealthyorHarmful?
[H]Fordecadesadvocatesofdaylightsavingshavearguedthat,energysavingsorno,daylightsavingtimeboostshealthbyencouragingactivelifestyles—aclaimWolffandcolleaguesarecurrentlyputtingtothetest.“InanationwideAmericantime-usestudy,we’reclearlyseeingthat,atthetimeofdaylightsavingtimeextensionin
thespring,televisionwatchingissubstantiallyreducedandoutdoorbehaviorslikejogging,walking,orgoingto
theparkaresubstantiallyincreased,”Wolffsaid.“That’sremarkable,becauseofcoursethetotalamountofdaylightinagivendayisthesame.”
[I]Butotherswarnofilleffects.TillRoenneberg,auniversityprofessorinMunich(慕尼,黑),Germany,saidhisstudiesshowthatourcircadian(生理节奏的)bodyclocks—setbylightanddarkness—neveradjusttogainingan“extra”hourofsunlighttotheendofthedayduringdaylightsavingtime.
[J]Onereasonsomanypeopleinthedevelopedworldarechronically(长期地)overtired,hesaid,isthattheysufferfrom“socialjetlag.”Inotherwords,theiroptimalcircadiansleepperiodsdon"taccordwiththeiractualsleepschedules.Shiftingdaylightfrommorningtoeveningonlyincreasesthislag,hesaid.“Lightdoesn’tdothesamethingstothebodyinthemorningandtheevening.Morelightinthemorningwouldadvancethebodyclock,andthatwouldbegood.Butmorelightintheeveningwouldevenfurtherdelaythebodyclock.”
[K]Otherresearchhintsatevenmoreserioushealthrisks.A2008studyconcludedthat,atleastinSweden,heartattackrisksgoupinthedaysjustafterthespringtimechange.“Themostlikelyexplanationtoourfindingsisdisturbedsleepanddisruptionofbiologicalrhythms,”OneexperttoldNationalGeographicNewsviaemail.
DaylightSavings!
LoversandHaters
[L]Withverdicts(定论)onthebenefits,orcosts,ofdaylightsavingssosplit,itmaybenosurprisethattheyearlytimechangesinspirepolarizedreactions.IntheU.K.,forinstance,theLighterLatermovement—partof10:
10,agroupadvocatingcuttingcarbonemissions—arguesforasortofextremedaylightsavings.First,theysay,movestandardtimeforwardanhour,thenkeepobservingdaylightsavingtimeasusual—addingtwohoursofeveningdaylighttowhatwecurrentlyconsiderstandardtime.ThefolksbehindStandardtime.com,ontheotherhand,wanttoabolishdaylightsavingtimealtogether,callingenergy-efficiencyclaims“unproven.”
[M]NationaltelephonesurveysbyRasmussenReportsfromspring2010andfall2009deliverthesameanswer.Mostpeoplejust“don’tthinkthetimechangeisworththehassle(麻烦洽勺事).”Forty-sevenpercentagreedwiththatstatement,whileonly40percentdisagreed.ButSeizetheDaylightauthorDavidPrerausaidhisresearchondaylightsavingtimesuggestsmostpeoplearefondofit.“Ithinkifyouaskmostpeopleiftheyenjoyhavinganextrahourofdaylightintheeveningeightmonthsayear,theresponsewouldbeprettypositive.”
46.Daylightsavings,energygainsmightbevariousduetodifferentclimates.
47.Disturbedsleepanddisruptionofbiologicalrhythmsmaybethebestexplanationtohigherheartattackrisksinthedaysafterthespringtimechange.
48.AresearchindicatedthatDSTmightnotsaveenergybyincreasingenergyuseinthedarkmornings,thoughitreducedlightingandelectricityconsumptionintheevening.
49.Germanytooktheleadtosavewartimeresourcesbyadoptingthetimechangesandreducingartificiallighting.
50.Auniversityprofessorstudiedtheeffectofdaylightsavingtimeandsoundedthealarmofitsnegativeeffects.
51.Socialjetlagcanpartlyaccountforpeople’schronicfatiguesyndromeindevelopedcountries.
52.ThefigureofastudyintheU.S.suggestedthatDSTcouldsavealotofenergynationally.
53.Supportersofdaylightsavingshavelongconsidereddaylightsavingtimedoesgoodtopeople’shealth.
54.AgroupadvocatingcuttingcarbonemissionslaunchestheLighterLatermovementtobackakindofextremedaylightsavings.
55.Ascholarcontributingtoafederalreportsuggestedthattheamountofsavedenergyhadsomethingtodowithgeographicposition.
46.[F]。
题干意为,夏令时带来的能源收益可能会因为不同的气候而有差异。
注意抓住题干中的关键词daylightsavings"energygains,various和differentclimates。
文章段落中,提到能源节约量与天气有关的内容在[F]段出现,该段前两句提到,一些地区的节能量明显比其他地区要大。
例如,加利福尼亚州似乎是从夏令时中获益最大的——可能是因为那里的气候相对溫和,鼓励人们在户外待到更晚。
由此可知,题干对原文进行了概括和同义改写,故答案为[F]。
47.[K]。
题干意为,睡眠障碍和生物节律紊乱可能是春季时间变化后心脏病发病率上升的最佳解释。
注意抓住题干中的关键词disturbedsleepanddisruptionofbiologicalrhythms,explanation和higherheartattackrisks。
文章段落中,提及睡眠障碍和生物节律紊乱以及心脏病发病率上升的内容在[K]段出现,该段第二句提到,2008年的一项研究总结道,至少在瑞典,在春季时间变化后不久,心脏病发病率就上升了……接着第三句引用了一位专家的话:
“根据我们的调查结果,最合理的解释是睡眠障碍及生物节奏紊乱。
”由此可知,题干是对原文的同义改写,故答案为[K]。
48.[D]。
题干意为,一项研究表明,尽管实行夏令时能减少夜间照明及电量消耗,但却因为增加了晨间的用电量而可能无法节约能源。
注意抓住题干中的关键词increasingenergyuseinthedarkmornings和reducedlightingandelectricityconsumptionintheevening。
文章段落中,提到了增加晨间的用电量和减少夜间照明及
电量消耗的是[D]段,该段第三句提Sij,研究人员发现这种做法减少了夜间照明及电量消耗,但是却增加了晨间的用电量,因为现在早晨很昏暗——这就抵消了夜间节约的能源。
由此可知,题干对原文进行了同义改写,故答案为[D]。
49.[B]。
题干意为,德国率先通过采取时间变化和减少人工照明来节约战时资源。
注意抓住题干中的关键词Germany,thetimechanges和artificiallighting。
文章段落中,有关德国的内容在[B]段出现,该段第二句提到,德国是第一个采取时间变化以减少人工照明从而为战事节约煤炭资源的国家。
由此可知,题干是对原文的同义转述,故答案为[B]。
50.[I]。
题干意为,一位大学教授研究了夏令时的作用并警示人们其带来的消极影响。
注意抓住题干中的关键词auniversityprofessor和soundedthealarmofitsnegativeeffects。
文章段落中,提及夏令时会带来负面影响的内容在[I]段出现,该段首句指出,但是其他人却警告人们夏令时所带来的负面影响。
德国慕尼黑一所大学的教授蒂尔•伦内伯格说,他的研究显示,我们的生物钟是根据白天和黑夜确定的,永远都适应不了夏令时期间白天快结束时所多出的那“额外”一小时的日光。
由此可知,题干是对原文的概述,故答案为[I]。
51.[J]。
题干意为,社会时差是发达国家的人们患长期疲劳综合征的部分原因。
注意抓住题