外文翻译使用远程信息处理数字化工作平台管理施工缺陷.docx

外文翻译使用远程信息处理数字化工作平台管理施工缺陷.docx

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外文翻译使用远程信息处理数字化工作平台管理施工缺陷

英文原文

ConstructionDefectManagementUsing

aTelemetricDigitalWorkbench

Abstract:

Real-time,rich-mediadatacommunicationbetweentheconstructionsiteandtheoff-sitedesignofficeisbecomingoneoftheimportantresearchareasininformationtechnologyforconstruction.Thispaperpresentstheconceptofatelemetricdigitalworkbench,ahorizontaltabletopuserinterfaceintegratingmobilecomputingandwirelesscommunicationtofacilitatesynchronousconstructionsitetoofficecollaboration.Wedemonstratethecapabilitiesandpotentialsofthissystemconceptforconstructiondefectmanagement.Theon-sitecrewusesahandheldmobiledevicetocollectdefectinformationandtransferstheinformationtothedesignofficethroughwirelesscommunicationbysendingtheinformationtoadatabaselistener.Thedigitalworkbenchapplicationmonitorsthedatabaseandsynchronizesthelocationofthevisualinformationonthesitewiththe3Dmodelontheserver.Integratedwith3DviewingcapabilityinaCADsystem,designerscaninteractwiththecombinedmodel/sitedatausingahorizontalandverticalscreen.Acasestudycomparedthetelemetricdigitalworkbenchagainstpaper-basedandPocketPC-basedmethodsfordefectmanagementinacontrolledlaboratoryexperiment.Thecasestudyresultsshowthatthetelemetricdigitalworkbenchhasthepotentialtoimprovetheaccuracyofmatchingsitedatatodigitaldataandreduceinformationlossbetweensiteandofficecollaboration.

1、Introduction

Defectmanagementisessentialforthecompletionandqualityofconstruction.Thecurrentapproachtodefectmanagementistimeconsumingandreliesheavilyonrepeateddataentry.Thisprocesstypicallyincludesinspectingthebuildingsite,discoveringdefects,recordingdefectinformationusingnotesandtextualdescriptionsonapaperdrawing,keyingtheinformationintoanonlinedatabase,and,finally,communicatingtheinformationtodesignersandbuildersforresolution.Someautomationhasbeenintroducedincommercialtoolsbyenteringinformationintoamobilecomputeron-site,butthisdataisnotusedtosupportreal-timecollaborationorproblemsolving.Intermsofvisualizationofthedefectinformation,thecurrentapproachisalsoproblematic.Themanualdatacollectionandtranscriptionhasthepotentialtoleadtomissingdefectinformation,misunderstandingsandunclearinstructionsamongdifferentparties.

Defectmanagementisanexampleofthetypeofconstructionmanagementproblemthatcouldbenefitfromtechnologiestosupportsynchronousdesigncollaborationbecausecurrentpracticesrelylargelyonaface-to-facemoderequiringthephysicalpresenceofallstakeholdersontheconstructionsite.

Wehavedevelopedanapproachtoconstructiondefectmanagementasademonstrationofaconceptforthereal-timesharingofrichmediadatabetweenaconstructionsiteandanoff-sitedesignoffice.Theconcept,atelemetricdigitalworkbench,incorporatesmobilecomputing,wirelesscommunicationandahorizontaltabletopinterface,asshowninFig.1.

Thesystemconceptcanbedividedintothreetiers:

clients（mobilephoneandworkbench）,communicationchannel（wirelessnetwork）andtheserver（database）.Theaimofthispaperistoexplorethepotentialofreal-timesharingandvisualizationofrich-mediatoimprovedataflowsbetweenthebuildingsiteandthedesignoffice.

Accordingtotheauthors'industrypartnersfromoneofAustralia'slargestmulti-nationalconstructionengineeringfirmswhocontributedtothisresearch,thecurrentcommonpracticefordefectmanagementisforprojectpersonneltocollectdefectdataon-site,makenotesontodrawings,andthenhavesecretariesinputthedataintoanonlinedatabase.Defectsarethenrectifiedasynchronously,oftenrequiringacombinationofon-siteandoff-sitemeetingsdependingupontheseverityofthedefect.Havingnotbeenexposedtoanyalternatives,thepossibilityofbeingabletoresolvedefectsinreal-timehadneverbeenconsideredaspartoftheirworkpractices.Appliedtodefectmanagement,ourconjectureisthatthetelemetricdigitalworkbenchhasthepotentialtoimprovesynchronouscollaborationbydeployingamoreefficientandlesstime-consumingmethodtocollect,transmitanddocumentdefectinformationwithrichmedia.Usingahorizontaltabletopinterfaceforlocalizinganddisplayingdefects,designers,constructorsandclientscanunderstandaccessandmakeuseofdefectinformationcollaboratively.Thedigitalworkbenchwouldbeamedia-richandinteractivesystemfordisplayingandexaminingdefectinformationamongthedesignteam.

Thispaperreportsonthedesign,development,andexploratoryevaluationofatelemetricworkbench.Weconductedacasestudyoftheworkbenchusingadefectmanagementapplicationtocomparethepotentialsandconstraintsofthisapproachagainstcommerciallyavailableconstructiondefectmanagementpractices.Intheresearchdescribedinthispaper,wedonotfocusondefectmanagementasthepenultimateapplicationforthetelemetricworkbenchconceptperse,butratherfocusedonthereal-timeexchangeofinformationbetweentheconstructionsiteandoff-siteoffice,howthistechnologycouldchangecurrentpractice,andhowvisualizationapproachescouldenablecollaboration.

2、Background

Constructiondefectmanagementistypicallyconductedduringthelatterstagesofconstructionaspartofpunchlistchecking.Thepurposeofconstructiondefectmanagementistodiscoverfaultsintheas-builtorassessconstructionqualitythatdoesnotmatchthedesignintents.Suchfaultscanrangefrom“unfinishedpartitioncorners”to“computercablemismanagement”.Thedefectinformationcanbecategorizedintotwobasicdefectgroups:

generaldefectsandspecificdefects.Ageneraldefectreferstothegeneralcommentsaboutaspacewithoutreferringtoparticularbuildingelementsorobjects.Aspecificdefectusuallyreferstofaultydetailsofaparticularbuildingelementorobject.

Atypicaldefectmanagementprocesswouldinvolveasiteinspectorconductinganinspectionintheconstructionsite.S/heusuallydocumentsthediscovereddefectsbytakingnotesonasetofpaper-baseddesigndrawingsandinspectionforms.Digitalstillphotosormoviesofthedefectsmaybetakenifnecessary.Theinspectorreturnstothesiteoffice,summarizesthediscovereddefects,and,inmostcases,asecretary,whohasnodesignorconstructionexpertise,recordsthemonspreadsheets（i.e.,defectmanagementforms）.Theformallydocumenteddefectdatawillbedeliveredtotherelevantorganization（e.g.,architect,builder）inpersonorviafaxoremail.Therepresentativesintheofficeidentifydefectsandproducethefeedbackonthemandthentheidentifieddefectinformationwillbedeliveredtotheconstructionoffice.Thebuilderson-sitemakechangesaccordingtothedefectreportreceivedfromthedesignersuntilallrequirementsaremet.Re-inspectionsgenerallyfollowtoconfirmrectificationofthedefects.

Asdiscussedabove,theroutinereportingjobsontheconstructionsite,suchascollectingdefectdata,usepaper-basedfieldnotes.Thereisanapparentgapintimeandspacebetweenthesiteandtheoffice,whichresultsinalowefficiency.Currentlyavailablemobilecomputingtechnologyisaratherobviouswaytoimprovethefieldworkinconstructionandenhancetheproductivityofconstructionmanagement.Theuseofmobiledevicesontheconstructionjobsitehasbeeninvestigatedasearlyas1992forfielddataacquisition.Theimplementationsofmobiledevicesinconstructiondiscussedintheliteraturehavefocusedprimarilyonprojectmanagement,schedulemanagement,facilityinspection,andfieldreportingapplications.Variouskindsofmobiledeviceshavebeenadoptedinfieldjobsatconstructionsites.Forinstance,Kimotoetal.developedamobilecomputingsystemwithpersonaldigitalassistantstoassistarchitectsandconstructionmanagerstoinspecttheresultofconstructionespeciallyforfinishworksandtomonitortheprogressofprojects.Theirsystemconsistsoffoursubsystems（InspectionSystem,ChecklistandReferenceSystem,PositionCheckSystem,andProgressMonitoringSystem）andtwoprograms（thedatainputprograminthePDAandtheoutputprograminthePC）.Reinhardtetal.developedanIntegratedContractManagementandMonitoringSystemwhichisaprototypeofaProgressMonitoringSystem.Ithasbeendesignedtoenhancetheefficiencyofprogressmonitoringforconstructionprocessesthatcomprisethesetupofthemonitoringsystemaswellasthecollection,processingandevaluationofprogressdata.Sinkholeetal.developedaMobileInspectionAssistancesystem,whichisawearablecomputersystemthathelpsbridgeinspectorscollectmultimediainformationinthefieldandproducetheinspectionreport.MIAallowsaninspectortofillouttheinspectionform,accesspreviousinspectionreports,makesketch（es）ofthebridgeelement（s）,takephotograph（s）,andproducetheinspectionreportviaavoiceorpeninterface.LipmannusedVirtualRealityModelingLanguageonamobilehandheldcomputertovisualizesubstantial3Dstructuralsteelworkmodelsinthefield.Speechrecognitionhasalsobeenintegratedintofieldinspectionsupportsystems.Someconstructionfirmshavestartedtoemploythesetechnologiestogatherinformationonschedule,quality,cost,inspection,andsoon.

Constructiondefectmanagementisonespecifictaskwheremobiletechnologieshavehadlimitedapplicationexceptinthemoregeneralareaofconstructionprogressmanagement.Thelackofeffectivedesigncollaborationbetweentheconstructionsiteandtheoff-sitedesignofficeoftencausesinformationdelaysin