高考英语浙江卷真题.docx

高考英语浙江卷真题.docx

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高考英语浙江卷真题

〖解密〗2018年高考英语浙江卷真题解析

试卷导航

语篇

话题

体裁

词数

难度

阅读理解A

查尔斯·狄更斯

说明文

318+111=429

易

阅读理解B

塑料袋和可重复使用的购物袋（如棉布袋），哪个对环境更不利？

议论文

276+111=387

中

阅读理解C

汽车的影响

说明性议论文

297+93=390

中

阅读七选五

如何成为好邻居

说明文

224+99=323

中

完形填空

越忙的人越可能把事做好

议论文

253

中

语法填空

在外吃饭的坏处

说明文

203

中

书面表达

求职信

应用文

80（左右）

中

读后续写

荒野迷途

记叙文

323+150（左右）

难

试题解读

第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分35分）

第一节（共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。

A

In1812,theyearCharlesDickenswasborn,therewere66novelspublishedinBritain.Peoplehadbeenwritingnovelsforacentury—mostexpertsdatethefirstnoveltoRobinsonCrusoein1719—butnobodywantedtodoitprofessionally.Thesteam-poweredprintingpresswasstillinitsearlystages;theliteracy（识字）rateinEnglandwasunder50%.Manyworksoffictionappearedwithoutthenamesoftheauthors,oftenwithsomethinglike“Byalady.”Novels,forthemostpart,werelookeduponassilly,immoralorjustplainbad.

In1870,whenDickensdied,theworldmournedhimasitsfirstprofessionalwriterandpublisher,famousandbeloved,whohadledanexplosioninboththepublicationofnovelsandtheirreadershipandwhosecharacters—fromOliverTwisttoTinyTim—wereheldupasmoraltouchstones.TodayDickens’greatnessisunchallenged.Removinghimfromthepantheon（名人堂）ofEnglishliteraturewouldmakeaboutasmuchsenseastheLouvresellingofftheMonaLisa.

HowdidDickensgettothetop?

Forallthefeelingsreadersattachtostories,literatureisanumbersgame,andthetestoftimeisextremelydifficulttopass.Some60,000novelswerepublishedduringtheVictorianage,from1837to1901;todayacasualreadermightbeabletonameahalf-dozenofthem.It’spartlytruethatDickens’styleofwritingattractedaudiencesfromallwalksoflife.It’spartlythathiswritingsrodeawaveofsocial,politicalandscientificprogress.Butit’salsothatherewrotethecultureofliteratureandputhimselfatthecenter.Noonewilleverknowwhatmixoftalent,ambition,energyandluckmadeDickenssuchadistinguishedwriter.Butasthe200thanniversaryofhisbirthapproaches,itispossible—andimportantforourownculture—tounderstandhowhemadehimselfalastingone.

21.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesBritishnovelsinthe18thcentury?

A.Theyweredifficulttounderstand.

B.Theywerepopularamongtherich.

C.Theywereseenasnearlyworthless.

D.Theywerewrittenmostlybywomen.

22.DickensiscomparedwiththeMonaLisainthetexttostress________.

A.hisreputationinFranceB.hisinterestinmodernart

C.hissuccessinpublicationD.hisimportanceinliterature

23.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?

A.Torememberagreatwriter.

B.TointroduceanEnglishnovel.

C.Toencouragestudiesonculture.

D.TopromotevaluesoftheVictorianage.

语篇解读

关键词

CharlesDickens

主旨概要

本文是一篇说明文，英国文学史上的泰斗狄更斯诞辰200周年即将来临，作者探讨他的历史地位，以此纪念这位伟大的作家。

百科知识

查尔斯·狄更斯CharlesDickens，（1812.2.7—1870.6.9），19世纪英国批判现实主义小说家。

主要作品有DavidCopperfield《大卫·科波菲尔》、GreatExpectations《远大前程》、OliverTwist《雾都孤儿》、HardTimes《艰难时世》、AChristmasCarol《圣诞颂歌》、ATaleofTwoCities《双城记》等。

原文出处

选自美国Time《时代周刊》，原文名为CharlesinCharge

语言知识

重难点词

plainadv简直，绝对；explosion激增，爆炸式增长；readership读者；touchstone试金石；someadv大约；name说出……的名字；distinguished卓越的，杰出的；approach（时间上）临近；lasting持久的

重难点词块

forthemostpart通常，多数情况下；lookon/upon…as...把……看作……；holdup举出（例子），提出（作为榜样）；remove…from…将……从……去除；selloff甩卖，抛售；attachfeelingsto寄感情于；allwalksoflife各行各业；ridea/thewaveof受益于……，乘……之势

长难句分析

In1870,whenDickensdied,theworldmournedhimasitsfirstprofessionalwriterandpublisher,famousandbeloved,whohadledanexplosioninboththepublicationofnovelsandtheirreadershipandwhosecharacters—fromOliverTwisttoTinyTim—wereheldupasmoraltouchstones.句意为：

1870年，狄更斯去世，世人把他当作第一位职业作家和出版商来哀悼，声名远播，受人爱戴。

他使得小说的出版数量和读者人数都有了爆炸式增长，他所创造的人物，从小奥利弗到小蒂姆，也被当做是道德的试金石。

when引导时间状语从句，who和whose引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词firstprofessionalwriterandpublisher。

RemovinghimfromthepantheonofEnglishliteraturewouldmakeaboutasmuchsenseastheLouvresellingofftheMonaLisa.句意为：

如果英国文学的神圣殿堂里少了他，那就好比是卢浮宫卖掉了蒙娜·丽莎一样。

写作句型

Butasthe200thanniversaryofhisbirthapproaches,itispossible—andimportantforourownculture—tounderstandhowhemadehimselfalastingone.

答案与解析

21.C事实细节题根据第一段最后一句Novels,forthemostpart,werelookeduponassilly,immoralorjustplainbad.可知，在18世纪，小说被认为愚蠢、伤风败俗或者干脆就是差劲，也就是说小说在那时被认为几乎毫无价值。

22.D推理判断题根据第二段TodayDickens’greatnessisunchallenged.RemovinghimfromthepantheonofEnglishliteraturewouldmakeaboutasmuchsenseastheLouvresellingofftheMonaLisa.可推断，作者将狄更斯与《蒙娜•丽莎》这幅世界名画对比，是想强调狄更斯在文坛的地位。

23.A写作目的题全文主要讲述狄更斯的伟大及其小说对世界文学的影响，再结合本文最后一句Butasthe200thanniversaryofhisbirthapproaches…可知狄更斯诞辰两百周年即将来临，由此可知作者写本文的目的是为了纪念狄更斯这位伟大的作家。

B

StevenSteinlikestofollowgarbagetrucks.Hisstrangehabitmakessensewhenyouconsiderthathe’sanenvironmentalscientistwhostudieshowtoreducelitter,includingthingsthatfalloffgarbagetrucksastheydrivedowntheroad.WhatisevenmoreinterestingisthatoneofStein’sjobsisdefendinganindustrybehindtheplasticshoppingbag.

Americansusemorethan100billionthinfilmplasticbagseveryyear.Somanyendupintreebranchesoralonghighwaysthatagrowingnumberofcitiesdonotallowthematcheckouts（收银台）.Thebagsareprohibitedinsome90citiesinCalifornia,includingLosAngeles.Eyeingtheseheadwinds,plastic-bagmakersarehiringscientistslikeSteintomakethecasethattheirproductsarenotasbadfortheplanetasmostpeopleassume.

Amongthebagmakers’arguments:

manycitieswithbansstillallowshopperstopurchasepaperbags,whichareeasilyrecycledbutrequiremoreenergytoproduceandtransport.Andwhileplasticbagsmaybeuglytolookat,theyrepresentasmallpercentageofallgarbageonthegroundtoday.

Theindustryhasalsotakenaimattheproductthathasappearedasitsreplacement:

reusableshoppingbags.Thestrongerareusablebagis,thelongeritslifeandthemoreplastic-baguseitcancelsout.However,longer-lastingreusablebagsoftenrequiremoreenergytomake.Onestudyfoundthatacottonbagmustbeusedatleast131timestobebetterfortheplanetthanplastic.

Environmentalistsdon’tdispute（质疑）thesepoints.Theyhopepaperbagswillbebannedsomedaytooandwantshopperstousethesamereusablebagsforyears.

24.WhathasStevenSteinbeenhiredtodo?

A.Helpincreasegrocerysales.B.Recyclethewastematerial.

C.Stopthingsfallingofftrucks.D.Arguefortheuseofplasticbags.

25.Whatdoestheword“headwinds”inparagraph2referto?

A.Bansonplasticbags.B.Effectsofcitydevelopment.

C.Headachescausedbygarbage.D.Plasticbagshungintrees.

26.Whatisadisadvantageofreusablebagsaccordingtoplastic-bagmakers?

A.Theyarequiteexpensive.

B.Replacingthemcanbedifficult.

C.Theyarelessstrongthanplasticbags.

D.Producingthemrequiresmoreenergy.

27.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Plastic,PaperorNeither

B.Industry,PollutionandEnvironment

C.RecycleorThrowAway

D.GarbageCollectionandWasteControl

语篇解读

关键词

environmentalscientist,plasticshoppingbags,reusablebags

主旨概要

本文是一篇议论文，聚焦塑料购物袋和可重复使用的购物袋，究竟哪一个对环境的危害更大。

原文出处

语言知识

重难点词

industry行业；film薄膜；eyev审视，细看

（因本文是议论文，用词比较正式，如prohibit,assume,purchase,require等）

重难点词块

makesense讲得通，合乎情理；endup最终处于，最终成为；takeaimatsb/sth把目标对准某人/某事物;cancelout抵消，对消

长难句分析

Eyeingtheseheadwinds,plastic-bagmakersarehiringscientistslikeSteintomakethecasethattheirproductsarenotasbadfortheplanetasmostpeopleassume.句意为：

注意到这些禁令后，塑料袋生产商聘用像斯坦这样的科学家来证明他们生产的塑料袋对地球的损害不像大多数人认为的那样糟糕。

Eyeingtheseheadwinds是现在分词短语作伴随状语，tomakethecase作目的状语，thattheirproducts...assume是同位语从句，解释说明case。

写作句型

WhatisevenmoreinterestingisthatoneofStein’sjobsis...

Somanyendupintreebranchesoralonghighwaysthatagrowingnumberofcitiesdonotallowthematcheckouts.

答案与解析

24.D事实细节题根据第一段最后一句...oneofStein’sjobsisdefendinganindustrybehindtheplasticshoppingbag.以及第二段...plastic-bagmakersarehiringscientistslikeSteintomakethecasethattheirproductsarenotasbadfortheplanetasmostpeopleassume.可知，斯坦受雇于塑料袋生产商为塑料袋的使用提供正面的论据。

25.A词义猜测题第二段讲述的是塑料袋由于污染环境而被越来越多的城市禁用，看到这一情况，塑料袋生产商于是找科学家为塑料袋代言。

根据文章的意义可知，headwinds指的是禁用塑料袋这一情况。

26.D事实细节题根据第三段倒数第二句However,longer-lastingreusablebagsoftenrequiremoreenergytomake.可知，制作可重复利用的购物袋更耗能源，这是缺点。

27.A主旨大意题本文通过对比塑料购物袋和可重复使用的购物袋各自的利弊来讨论哪一种对环境更有害，故A选项为最佳标题。

C

Asculturalsymbolsgo,theAmericancarisquiteyoung.TheModelTFordwasbuiltatthePiquettePlantinMichiganacenturyago,withthefirstrollingofftheassemblyline（装配线）onSeptember27,1908.Onlyelevencarswereproducedthenextmonth.ButeventuallyHenryFordwouldbuildfifteenmillionofthem.

ModernAmericawasbornontheroad,behindawheel.ThecarshapedsomeofthemostlastingaspectsofAmericanculture:

theroadsidediner,thebillboard,themotel,eventhehamburger.Formostofthelastcentury,thecarrepresentedwhatitmeanttobeAmerican—goingforwardathighspeedtofindnewworlds.Theroadnovel,theroadmovie,thesearethemosttypicalAmericanideas,bornofabundantpetrol,cheapcarsandanever-endinginterstatehighwaysystem,thelargestpublicworksprojectinhistory.

In1928HerbertHooverimaginedanAmericawith“achickenineverypotandacarineverygarage.”Sincethen,thissocietyhasm