经济学词典E.docx

经济学词典E.docx

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经济学词典E

Economictermsandconcepts

|A|B|C|D|E|F|G|H|I|J|K|L|M|N|O|P|Q|R|S|T|U|V|W|X|Y|Z

EntriesintheGLOSS*aramastartingwiththeletterE:

∙earningsreport

∙easymoney

∙economic

∙economicanalysis

∙EconomicandMonetaryUnion

∙economiccost

∙economicdevelopment

∙economicefficiency

∙economicgoal

∙economicgoals

∙economicgood

∙economicgrowth

∙economicgrowth,sources

∙economicindicators

∙economicpolicies

∙economicproduction

∙economicprofit

∙EconomicRecoveryTaxAct

∙economicrent

∙economicscience

∙economicsystem

∙economicthinking

∙economicunion

∙economics

∙economiesofscale

∙economist

∙economize

∙economy

∙ECU

∙education

∙effectivedemand

∙efficiency

∙efficient

∙efficientsearch

∙efficientsearch,determinants

∙eight-firmconcentrationratio

∙elastic

∙elasticdemand

∙elasticsupply

∙elasticity

∙elasticityalternatives

∙elasticityalternatives,demand

∙elasticityalternatives,supply

∙elasticityanddemandslope

∙elasticitydeterminants

∙embargo

∙emigration

∙empirical

∙employed

∙employedpersons

∙employment

∙employment-populationratio

∙employmentquota

∙employmentrate

∙endogenousvariable

∙endpointformula

∙entrepreneurship

∙entrybarrier

∙entrybarriers

∙environment

∙environmentalquality

∙equalitystandard

∙equationofexchange

∙equilibrium

∙equilibrium,aggregatemarket

∙equilibrium,long-runaggregatemarket

∙equilibriumprice

∙equilibriumquantity

∙equilibrium,short-runaggregatemarket

∙equipment

∙equity

∙equitymarket

∙estatetax

∙EU

∙euro

∙Eurozone

∙Eurodollars

∙EuropeanCentralBank

∙EuropeanCommission

∙EuropeanCurrencyUnit

∙EuropeanSystemofCentralBanks

∙EuropeanUnion

∙excesscapacity

∙excessdemand

∙excessreserves

∙excesssupply

∙exchange

∙exchangerate

∙exchangeratemechanism

∙excisetax

∙excludability

∙exclusiveagreement

∙exhaustibleresource

∙exogenousvariable

∙expansion

∙expansionaryfiscalpolicy

∙expansionarygap

∙expansionarymonetarypolicy

∙expansionarypolicy

∙expectations

∙expendituremultiplier

∙exploitation

∙explicitcollusion

∙explicitcost

∙explicitopportunitycost

∙exploration

∙export

∙exportpromotion

∙exports

∙externalbenefit

∙externalcost

∙externalities

∙externality

TheGLOSS*aramahas113entriesfortheletterE.

 EARNINGSREPORT:

Astatementoftherevenues,expenditures,andprofitforabusiness,household,orgovernmententityoveragivenperiodoftime.Anincomestatementalsogoesbythenamesprofitandlossstatement,incomestatement,andoperatingstatement.Thisisoneoftwokeyfinancialstatementsforanentity.Theotherisabalancesheet,whichisastatementofassets,liabilities,andnetworthatagivenpointintime.

       Seealso|cost|accountingcost|historicalcost|accountingprofit|balancesheet|firm|

EASYMONEY:

AtermusedwhentheFederalReserveSystempursuesexpansionarymonetarypolicy.Inotherwords,tostimulateoureconomyoutofrecession,theFedincreasestheamountofmoneyintheeconomyormakesit"easier"forpeopletogetmoney（usuallythroughbankloans）.

       Seealso|money|monetarypolicy|FederalReserveSystem|openmarketoperations|governmentsecurities|bank|bankreserves|discountrate|reserverequirements|tightmoney|contractionarymonetarypolicy|

ECONOMIC:

Relatingtoeconomicsorthestudyoftheeconomy.Thiswordiscommonlyaddedtoothertermstoemphasizeitsimportancetoeconomics.Afewexamplesareeconomiccost,economicprofit,economicgoal,economicpolicies,andeconomicthinking.

       Seealso|economics|economy|economiccost|economicprofit|economicgoal|economicpolicies|economicthinking|economicrent|economicscience|economicproduction|economicgrowth|economicdevelopment|economicgood|economicanalysis|economize|

 ECONOMICANALYSIS:

Theprocessofinvestigatingeconomicphenomenainasystematicmanner.Inonesense,thisistheheartandsouloftheeconomicdiscipline.Whileeconomistsspendanampletimeidentifyingeconomicconcepts,theendresultofthisdiscoveryprocessisusuallyaimedatcombiningtheseconceptsinsuchawayastoevaluateoranalyzealternativeconsequences.

       Seealso|economics|phenomenon|economist|scientificmethod|comparativestatics|ceterisparibus|causeandeffect|determinants|demandshock|supplyshock|

ECONOMICANDMONETARYUNION:

AnaspectoftheEuropeanUniondesignedtointegrateeconomicandmonetarypoliciesandestablishasinglecurrency（theeuro）.TheEconomicandMonetaryUnion,abbreviatedEMU,wascreatedbythe1992MaastrichtTreatyandofficiallycameintoexistencein1999.TheEuropeanCentralBankhascontrolovermonetarypolicyandthemoneysupplyfortheEconomicandMonetaryUnion.

       Seealso|MaastrichtTreaty|EuropeanUnion|euro|EuropeanCurrencyUnit|monetarypolicy|EuropeanCentralBank|Eurozone|EuropeanSystemofCentralBanks|EuropeanCommission|

 ECONOMICCOST:

Anothertermforopportunitycost（thehighestvaluedalternativeforegoneinthepursuitofanactivity）thatisusedinthestudyofeconomicstoindicatethefundamentalroleopportunitycostplaysineconomics.Thevalueexpressedintermsofsatisfactionoftheforegoneactivityisyouropportunitycost.Becausethereareusuallyseveralalternativesthataren'tpursued,opportunitycostisthehighest-valuedone.Anopportunitycostissometimescompensatedwithsomeformofpayment,likeawage.However,theexistenceofanopportunitycostisindependentofanyactualcashoutlay.

       Seealso|cost|opportunitycost|economics|accountingcost|value|satisfaction|

 ECONOMICDEVELOPMENT:

Theprocessofimprovingtheeconomy'sabilitytosatisfyconsumerswantsandneeds.Unlikeeconomicgrowth,whichisconcernedwithyeartoyearincreasesinproduction,economicdevelopmentdealsmorewiththebasicfabricofsociety,especiallytheinstitutionsthatgovernthewayoureconomyandsocietyfunctions.Assuch,alesserdevelopednationisnotonlylikelytohavealowlevelsofproductionandlimitedamountcapital,butalsoculturalbeliefsandgovernmentpracticesthatpreventmoreeffectiveuseofthecapital.

       Seealso|economicgrowth|livingstandard|investment|capital|productionpossibilities|production|realgrossdomesticproduct|

   ECONOMICEFFICIENCY:

Obtainingthemostconsumersatisfactionfromavailableresources.Thisiswhatmosteconomistsmeanwhenthetermefficiencyarises.Economicefficiencymeansoureconomyisdoingthebestjobpossibleofsatisfyingunlimitedwantsandneedswithlimitedresources--thatis,ofaddressingtheproblemofscarcity.

       Seealso|efficiency|satisfaction|resources|allocativeefficiency|technicalefficiency|scarcity|productionpossibilities|economy|unlimitedwantsandneeds|limitedresources|value|

 ECONOMICGOAL:

Oneoffivebasicconditionsofthemixedeconomythatisgenerallydesiredbysociety.Wetypicallydividethesefiveintomacrogoals（fullemployment,stabilityandeconomicgrowth）andmicrogoals（efficiencyandequity）.

       Seealso|mixedeconomy|macrogoals|fullemployment|stability|economicgrowth|microgoals|efficiency|equity|inflation|unemployment|incomedistribution|government|threequestionsofallocation|normativeeconomics|

ECONOMICGOALS:

Thefivebasicconditionsofthemixedeconomythataregenerallydesiredbysociety.Wetypicallydividethesefiveintomacrogoals（fullemployment,stabilityandeconomicgrowth）andmicrogoals（efficiencyandequity）.

       Seealso|mixedeconomy|macrogoals|fullemployment|stability|economicgrowth|microgoals|efficiency|equity|inflation|unemployment|incomedistribution|government|threequestionsofallocation|normativeeconomics|

 ECONOMICGOOD:

Thetransformationoflimitedresourcesforthepurposeofsatisfyingunlimitedwantsandneeds.Youmightdetectasimilaritybetweenthetermeconomicgoodandthetermscarcity.Thereasonisthat"economicgood"isanothertermforscarcegood.Wecallascarcegoodaneconomicgoodbecauseascarcegoodisonethatcanbetradedthroughmarkets.

       Seealso|economics|good|services|scarcity|scarce|limitedresources|unlimitedwantsandneeds|scarcegood|market|

ECONOMICGROWTH:

Thelong-runexpansionoftheeconomy'sabilitytoproduceoutput.Thisisoneoffiveeconomicgoals,specificallyoneofthethreemacrogoals（stabilityandfullemploymentaretheothertwo）.Economicgrowthismadepossiblebyincreasingthequantityorqualityoftheeconomy'sresources（labor,capital,land,andentrepreneurship）.

       Seealso|macrogoals|stability|fullemployment|production|resources|labor|capital|land|entrepreneurship|investment|education|technology|realgrossdomesticproduct|productionpossibilities|aggregatemarket|longrun|economicdevelopment|

 ECONOMICGROWTH,SOURCES:

Oureconomyachieveseconomicgrowthwithincreasesinthequantityorqualityofresources.Thequantitypartisrelativelysimple.Ifwegetmoreresources,thenwehavetheabilitytoproducemoreoutput.Wecanalsoimproveresourcequality,makingexistingresourcesmoreproductive,primarilythrougheducationandtechnology.

       Seealso|economicgrowth|resources|grossdomesticproduct|education|technology|

ECONOMICINDICATORS:

Numerouseconomicsta