英语四级阅读练习及答案.docx

英语四级阅读练习及答案.docx

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英语四级阅读练习及答案

英语四级阅读练习及答案

PassageOne:

Asthehorizonsofsciencehaveexpended,twomaingroupsofscientistshaveemerged.Oneisthepurescientist,theother,appliedscientist.

Thepureortheoreticalscientistdoesoriginalresearchinordertounderstandthebasiclawsofthenaturethatgovernourworld.Theappliedscientistadaptsthisknowledgetopracticeproblems.Neitherismoreimportantthantheothers,however,forthegroupsareverymuchrelated.

Sometimes,however,theappliedscientistfindsthe“problems”fo

thetheoreticalscientisttoworkon.Let'stakeaparticularproblem

oftheaircraftindustry:

heat-resistantmetals.Manyofthemetalsandalloysthatperformsatisfactorilyincarcannotbeusedinajet-propelled（喷气推进式）plane,Newalloysmustbeused,becausethejetengineoperatesatamuchhighertemperaturethananautomobileengine.Theturbinewheel（涡轮）inaturbojet（涡轮喷气发动机）mustwithstandtemperaturesashighas1,600degreesFahrenheit,soaircraftdesignershavetoturntotheresearchmetallurgistforthedevelopmentofmetalsandalloysthatwoulddo

thejobinjet-propelledplanes.

Divingscientistsintotwogroups-pureandapplied-isonlyonebroadwayofclassifyingthem,however.Whenscientificknowledgewasverylimited,therewasnoneedformentospecialize.Today,withthegreatbodyofscientificknowledge,scientistsspecializeinmanydifferentfields.Withineachfield,thereisevenfurthersubdivision.And,withfinerandfinersubdivisions,thevariousscienceshavebecomemoreandmoreinterrelateduntilnobranchisentirelyindependentoftheothers.Manynewspecialties-geophysicsandbiochemistry,forexample-haveresultedfromcombiningtheknowledgeoftwoormorescienee.

1.Theappliedscientist

A）doesoriginalresearchtothebasiclawsofnature

B）appliedtheresultofresearchtopracticalproblems

C）providesthebasicknowledgeforthepurescientist

D）isnotinterestedinpracticalproblems

2.Theexamplegiveninthethirdparagraphillustrateshow

A）purescieneeoperatesindependentlyofappliedscienee

B）theappliedscientistdiscoverthebasiclawsofnature

C）appliedscieneedefinesalltheareasinwhichbasicresearchisdone

D）appliedscieneesuggestsproblemsforthebasicscientist

3.Finerandfinersubdivisioninthefieldofscieneehasresulted

in

A）thelossoftheneedforspecialists

B）greaterinterdependenceofeachscienee

C）greaterdependenceofeachscienee

D）theneedforonlyoneclassificationifscientists

4.Geophysicsandbiochemistryare.

A）examplesofnewspecialtiesresultingfromcombingsciences

B）totallydependentsciences

C）amongtheoldestsciencesknowntoman

D）bothB）andC）

5.“Thehorizonsofscieneehaveexpanded,”（para1）_meansthat

A）scientistscanseefurtheroutintospace

B）scieneehasdevelopedmorefieldofhumanendeavor

C）thehorizonchangessizefromyeartoyear

D）scientistshavemadeamachineforenlargingthehorizon

PassageTwo:

Friendsplayanimportantpartinourlives,andalthoughwemay

takethefriendshipforgranted,weoftendon'tclearlyunderstandhowwemakefriends.Whilewegetonwellwithonlyanumberofpeople,weareusuallyfriendswithonlyaveryfew.Forexample,

theaverageamongstudentsisabout6perperson.Inallthecasesoffriendlyrelationship,twopeoplelikeoneanotherandenjoybeingtogether,butbeyondthat,thedegreeofintimacybetweenthemandthereasonsfortheirsharedinterestvaryenormously.Aswegettoknowpeoplewetakeintoaccountthingslikeages,race,economiccondition,socialposition,andintelligenee.Althoughthesefactorsarenotofprimeimportanee,itismoredifficulttogetonwithpeoplewhenthereisamarkeddiffereneeinageandbackground.

Somefriendlyrelationshipscanbekeptonargumentanddiscussion,butitisusuallyforclosefriendstohavesimilarideasandbeliefs,tohaveattitudeandinterestsincommon—theyoftentalkabout“beingonthesamewavelength”.Itgenerallytakestime

toreachthispoint.AndthemoreintimatelyinvoIvedpeoplebecome,themoretheyrelyononeanother.Peoplewanttodofriendsfavorsandhatetobreakanpromise.Equally,friendshavetolearntoputupwithannoyinghabitsandtotolerantdifferencesofopinion.

Incontrastwithmarriage,therearenofriendshipceremoniestostrengthentheassociationbetweentwopeople.Butthesupportingandunderstandingofeachotherthatresultsfromsharedexperiencesandemotionsdoesseemtocreateapowerfulbond,

whichcanovercomedifferencesinbackgroundandbreakdownofage,classandrace.

6.Accordingtotheauthor,.

A）allthosewhogetonwellwitheachotherarefriends

B）friendsarecloserthanpeoplewhojustgetonwellwitheachother

C）everyoneunderstandclearlyhowtomakefriends

D）everystudentshas6friends

7.Whenwemakefriends,weconsidersuchthingsasage,raceand

backgroundbecause

A）itisnoteasytohaveafriendlyrelationshipwithpeoplewhenthereisamarkeddiffereneeinageandbackground

B）thedegreedoffriendshipbetweenpeopleandthereasonfortheirsharedinterestscanvarygreatly

C）friendsneedtoknowallthesethings

D）

means

thesearethemostimportantfactorstomakefriends

8.Inparagraph2,“beingonthesamewavelength”

A）usingthesamefrequencywhiletalking

B）keepingthesamefriendlyrelationshipasotherpeopledo

C）havingsimilarideas,beliefs,attitudesandinterests

D）havingthesamebackground

9.Whichofthefollowingisnotimpliedordirectlystatedinthepassage?

A）Evenfriendsmayhavedifferencesofopinions

B）Friendsneverarguewitheachother

C）Itgenerallytakestimeforpeopletobecomeclosefriends.

D）Someoneshabitsmayannoyhisfriends.

10.Tostrengthenfriendlyrelationship,people

A）mustholdfriendshipceremonies

B）havetoeliminatedifferencesinbackground

C）shouldmakefriendswiththosewhoareofthesameageandthesamerace

D）shouldsupportandunderstandeachotherthroughsharedexperiencesandemotions

PassageThree:

Themovementtowardcentralizationofauthorityinstatedepartmentsofeducationhasinsomecasescreatedfrictionwithcommunities,whichregardthismodernpolicyasusurpation（篡夺,夺取）oftheirrights.Constitutionally,therecanbenodoubtthatthestatehasarighttoprescribe（扌旨示）tothelocaldistrictsinanydegreewhichitwill.Legislatures（立法机构）havebeengivenpowerbyStateConstitutionswhichmakethemthemostimportantpolicy-makingagentforeducationinastate.Legislaturesestablishtheframework（机构）foreducation;theymakedirectappropriationsforeducation;theycreateeducationalinstitutions;andtheydeterminewhetherofnotcertaineducationalprogramsaretobeauthorized,expanded,decreased,oreliminated（废除）.TheLegislatureusuallyauthorizesaStateeducationdepartmenttoadministeritspolicies.Itmay,however,provideforastateboardofeducationtoadviseitregardingpolicyandtoadministertheeducationalprogram.Thecentralagencymaydefinetheextentofthelocaldistrictandmaydetermineindetailwhatshallbedonewithinthisdistrict.Whilethisistheconstitutionalrightofthestate,thepracticalfactisthatthelocaldistrictconductsitsschoolsinverylargemeasureaccordingtoitsowndesires,andlocalofficersoftentalkuponstatesupervisionasindefensibleinterferenee

11.Aboutthecentralizationofauthorityinstatedepartmentof

education,somecommunitiesfeelthat.

A）theirrightsareimproved

B）theirrightsareignored

C）theirrightsareviolated

D）theirrightsareprotected

12.Accordingtothearticle,whichofthefollowingrightsareNOTbelongtothestate?

A）Therighttoadministerentranceexamination.

B）Therighttoexpandordecreaseeducationalprograms.

C）Therighttobudgetschoolprograms

D）Therighttocreatededucationalinstitutions.

13.WhatdoestheLegislatureusuallydoinadministeringPolicies?

A）Itadministerspoliciesbyitself.

B）ItauthorizesaStateeducationdepartmentadministeritspolicies.

C）ItisauthorizedbyaStateeducationdepartmentto

administeritspolicies.

D）Itauthorizesastateboardofeducationtoadministertheeducationalprogram.

14.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutactualeducationalsituation?

A）Thelocaldistricthasalotofcontroloveritsschools

B）Thecentralagencymayextendtheextentofthelocaldistricts

C）Statesupervisionisnotalwayswelcometolocaldistricts.

D）LocalofficersforbidStatesupervisioniftheythinkitisakindofinterferenee

15.whichofthefollowingtitlescanbestsummarizethearticle?

A）TheLegislatureAdministersitsPolicies

B）TheCentralizationofAuthorityinStateDepartmentof

Education

C）TheRoleoftheStateinEducation

D）TheRightsoftheLocalDistricts

PassageFour:

Somepeoplebelievedthatinternationalsportcreatesgoodwillbetweenthenationsandthatifcountriesplaygamestogethertheywilllearntolivetogether.Otherssaythattheoppositeistrue:

thoseinternationalcontestsencouragefalsenationalprideandleadtomisunderstandingandhatred.Thereisprobablysometruthinbotharguments,butinrecentyearstheOlympicGameshavedonelittletosupporttheviewthatsportsencourageinternationalbrotherhood.Notonlywastherecentincidentoftragedyinvolvingmurderofathletes,buttheGameswerealsoruinedbylesserincidentscausedprincipally