黑龙江省大庆市喇中材料高中英语阅读科普环保类.docx

黑龙江省大庆市喇中材料高中英语阅读科普环保类.docx

《黑龙江省大庆市喇中材料高中英语阅读科普环保类.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《黑龙江省大庆市喇中材料高中英语阅读科普环保类.docx（37页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。

黑龙江省大庆市喇中材料高中英语阅读科普环保类

高中英语阅读——科普环保类

1、阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

Howcouldwepossiblythinkthatkeepinganimalsincagesinunnaturalenvironments－mostlyforentertainmentpurposes－ isfairandrespectful?

Zooofficialssaytheyareconcernedaboutanimals．However,mostzoosremain“collections”ofinteresting“things”ratherthanprotectivehabitats．Zoosteachpeoplethatitisacceptabletokeepanimalsbored,lonely,andfarfromtheirnaturalhomes.

Zoosclaimtoeducatepeopleandsaveendangeredspecies,butvisitorsleavezooswithouthavinglearnedanythingmeaningfulabouttheanimals’naturalbehavior,intelligence,orbeauty．Zooskeepanimalsinsmallspacesorcages,andmostsignsonlymentionthespecies’name,diet,andnaturalrange．Theanimals’normalbehaviorisseldomnoticedbecausezoosdon’tusuallytakecareoftheanimals’naturalneeds．

Theanimalsarekepttogetherinsmallspaces,withnoprivacyandlittleopportunityformentalandphysicalexercise．Thisresultsinunusuallyandself-destructivebehaviorcalledzoochosis．Aworldwidestudyofzoosfoundthatzoochosisiscommonamonganimalskeptinsmallspacesorcages．Anotherstudyshowedthatelephantsspend22percentoftheirtimemakingrepeatedheadmovementsorbitingcagebars,andbearsspend30percentoftheirtimewalkingbackandforth,asignofunhappinessandpain.

Furthermore,mostanimalsinzoosarenotendangered．Captivebreeding（圈养繁殖）ofendangeredbigcats,Asianelephants,andotherspecieshasnotresultedintheirbeingsentbacktothewild．Zoostalkalotabouttheircaptivebreedingprogramsbecausetheydonotwantpeopletoworryaboutaspeciesdyingout．Infact,babyanimalsalsoattractalotofpayingcustomers．Haven’tweseenenoughcompetitionstonamebabyanimals?

Actually,wewillsaveendangeredspeciesonlyifwesavetheirhabitatsandputanendtothereasonspeoplekillthem．Insteadofsupportingzoos,weshouldsupportgroupsthatworktoprotectanimals’naturalhabitats.

【小题1】Howwouldtheauthordescribetheanimals’lifeinzoos?

A．Dangerous．

B．Unhappy．

C．Natural．

D．Easy.

【小题2】Inthestateofzoochosis,animals_________.

A．remainincages

B．behavestrangely

C．attackotheranimals

D．enjoymovingaround

【小题3】Whatdoestheauthortrytoargueinthepassage?

A．Zoosarenotworththepublicsupport．

B．Zoosfailintheirattempttosaveanimals.

C．Zoosshouldtreatanimalsashumanbeings.

D．Zoosuseanimalsasameansofentertainment.

【小题4】Theauthortriestopersuadereaderstoaccepthisargumentmainlyby_________.

A．pointingoutthefaultsinwhatzoosdo

B．usingevidencehehascollectedatzoos

C．questioningthewayanimalsareprotected

D．discussingtheadvantagesofnaturalhabitats

2、YoumayhaveneverheardofLanthanum,CeriumorNeodymium,buttheseelements（元素）andothersknownas“rareearth”playamajorroleinmoderntechnology.Theycanactuallybefoundinmanyplacesontheearth,butnotinquantitiesthatcanbemined.Onlyafewcountries—China,America,India,Australia,BrazilandMalaysiahaveanythatcanbeminedenoughtobetraded.

EventhoughsomeoftheseelementssuchasCeriumareasabundantasCopper,theyarenotfoundinconcentratedamountsontheearth’ssurface.Theyareoftenmixedtogetherwithothermetals,whichmakesextraction（提取）oftheseelementsanexpensiveandanenvironmentallymessyprocess.Itwasduetothisreasonthattheterm“rareearth”wasinvented.

Rareearthmetalsareusedwidelyinourlife.Rechargeablecarbatteries,computers,iPhones,DVDplayers,computermonitors,televisions,lighting,lasers,glasspolishing,andsuperconductorsallusequantitiesofrareearthmetals.Also,withtheadvancementin“green”technologylikesolarpanels,theseshinymaterialsarebecomingmoreimportantthanever.Anaverageelectriccaruses10poundsofLanthanumforitsrechargeablebattery!

Americahaslargedeposits（存储量）ofrareearthsandhasoneofthefirstmines.ItwasopenedinSouthernCaliforniain1940.Theelement“Europium”wasthefirstmetaltobeseparatedinquantityforuseincolortelevisions.However,inthe1980’sand1990’s,asChinastartedproducingtheseelementsinInnerMongolia,theminesinAmericaandelsewherecouldnotkeeppace.ThemineinMountainPass,Californiaalsofailedenvironmentalregulationsandshutdownin2002.

Now,recognizingtheimportanceofhavingmorethanonesupplierofthisimportantresource,otherrareearthowningcountrieslikeIndiaandAustraliaareeitherdustingofftheirrareearthminesorspeedinguptheirproduction.Itisbelievedthatthedebateoverrareearthswillbecomelouderinthecomingmonthsandyears.

【小题1】Whatcanwelearnaboutrareearths?

A．TheyareactuallyasabundantasCopper.

B．Theycanbeminedeasilyasothermetals.

C．Theycanonlybefoundinafewcountries.

D．Theyarenotreallyasrareastheyarenamed.

【小题2】ComparedwithChina,America_____.

A．paidmoreattentiontoEuropium

B．haslargerdepositsofrareearths

C．startedproducingrareearthsearlier

D．hasmorerareearthmines

【小题3】Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatrareearths_____.

A．arenowingreatdemand

B．cannowbeusedinfewfields

C．areharmfultotheenvironment

D．willsoonbereplacedbyothermetals

3、Mosquitoeshaveanextraordinaryabilitytotargethumansfarawayandflystraighttotheirunprotectedskin.Regrettably，mosquitoescandomorethancauseanitchy（发痒的）wound.Somemosquitoesspreadseveralseriousdiseases，includingDengue，yellowfeverand malaria.

Overonemillionpeopleworldwidediefromthesediseaseseachyear.Newresearchnow  showshowmosquitoeschoosewhotobite.

Mosquitoesneedbloodtosurvive.Theyareattractedtohumanskinandbreath.Theysmellthecarbondioxidegas，whichallmammalsbreatheout.Thisgasisthemainwayformosquitoestoknowthatawarm-bloodedcreatureisnearby.

Butmosquitoesalsousetheireyesandsenseoftouch.MichaelDickinsonisaprofessorattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology.Hisresearchshowshowthesesmallinsects，withevensmallerbrains，usethreesensestofindabloodmeal.

MichaelDickinson’steamusedplumes—amaterialthatrisesintotheairofcarbondioxidegasintoawindtunnel.Theythenusedcamerastorecordthemosquitoes.Theinsectsfollowedtheplume.

Then，thescientistsplaceddarkobjectsonthelighter coloredfloorandwallsofthe tunnel.Mr.Dickinsonsaid，atfirst，themosquitoesshowednointerestintheobjectsatall.     “Whatwasquitestrikingandquitesurprisingisthatthemosquitoesflybackandforthforhours.Thesearehungryfemalesandtheycompletelyignoretheobjectsonthefloorandwallofthetunnel.ButthemomenttheygetahitofCO2，theychangetheirbehaviorquiteobviouslyandnowwouldbecomeattractedtotheselittlevisualblobs（斑点）.”

Thissuggestedtotheresearchersthatamosquito’ssenseofsmellismoreimportantinthesearchforfood.Oncemosquitoescatchasmellofahuman oranimal，theyalsofollow visualsignals.

【小题1】Whatdomosquitoesmainlyusetofindtheirtargets?

A．Senseofsmell.B．Senseoftouch.

C．Senseofsight.D．Smartbrains.

【小题2】Thefirstresponseofthemosquitoestotheobjectsintheexperimentis     .

A．toflytothedarkones

B．tocatchandsticktothem

C．totakenonoticeofthem

D．toattachthemselvestothem

【小题3】Howcanweavoidbeingattackedbymosquitoesaccordingtothetext?

A．Don’tletthemseeus.

B．Usedarkobjectstostopthem.

C．Makethemflybackandforthforhours.

D．Attractthemtoobjectsfullofcarbondioxidegas.

【小题4】Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A．HowDoMosquitoesSurvive?

B．WhyDoMosquitoesNeedBlood?

C．HowDoMosquitoesChoosetoBiteYou?

D．WhyDoMosquitoesAttacktheHumanBeing?

4、Thewaywecookisimportant.Inmanycountries,thetwosourcesofheatusedforcookingarenaturalgasorelectricstoves.TheWorldHealthOrganization（WHO）warnsthatmillionsofpeoplearedyingeveryyearfromindoorairpollution.TheWHOfindsthatpoorcooking,heatingandlightingtechnologiesarekillingmillionsofpeopleeachyear.

Indoorairpollutionresultsfromtheuseofdangerousfuelsandcookstovesinthehome.WHOofficialssaynearlythreebillionpeopleareunabletousecleanfuelsandtechnologiesforcooking,heatingandlighting.Andtheysaymorethansevenmillionpeoplediefromexposuretoindoororoutdoorairpollutioneachyear.Ofthatnumber,theWHOsaysabout4.3millionpeoplediefromhouseholdairpollutiongivenoff bysimplebiomass（生物燃料）andcoalstoves.

Thesefindingsshowthatthehomeuseofpoisonousfuelsistoblameformanyofthesedeaths.Thesefuelsincludewood,coal,animalwasteandsoon.CarlosDoraisCoordinatorintheWHO’sDepartmentofPublicHealth,EnvironmentalandSocialDeterminantsofHealth.Hesayspeopleshouldnotuseunprocessedcoalandkerosene（煤油）fuelindoors.Hesaysopeningawindowordoortoletouttheharmfulairwillnotcorrectthesituation.Itwillonlypollutetheoutdoors.“Newtechnologiesandcleanfuelscanridpeopleofthisproblem.”

TheUnitedNationsfoundthatmorethan95percentoffamiliesinsub-SaharanAfricadependonsolidfuelsforcooking.ItsayshugepopulationsinIndia,ChinaandLatinAmericancountries,suchasGuatemalaandPeru,arealsoatrisk.

NigelBruceisaprofessorofPublicHealthattheUniversityofLiverpool.Hesaysresearchersaredevelopinggoodstovesandotherequipmenttoburnfuelsinamoreefficientway.“Therearealreadymanytechnologiesforcleanfuelsavailablenow.Aneffectiveandreasonablylow-costethanol（酒精）stovethatismadebyDometic（aSweden-basedcompany）isnowbeingtestedout.Anotherintere