考研英语模拟试题及问题详解.docx

考研英语模拟试题及问题详解.docx

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考研英语模拟试题及问题详解

英语

（二）模拟试题

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET.（10points）

Facebookhasbeen1withfireandhasgotitsfingersburned,again.OnNovember29thAmerica’sFederalTradeCommission（FTC）announcedthatithadreacheda2settlementwiththegiantsocialnetworkover3thatithadmisledpeopleaboutitsuseoftheirpersonaldata.

ThedetailsofthesettlementmakeclearthatFacebook,which4over800musers,betrayeditsusers’trust.Itisalsonotablebecauseitappearstobepartofabroader5bytheFTCtocraftanewprivacyframeworktodealwiththerapid6ofsocialnetworksinAmerica.

Theregulator’sfindingscomeata7momentforFacebook,whichissaidtobepreparingforaninitialpublicofferingnextyearthatcouldvalueitataround$100billion.To8thewayforitslisting,thefirmfirstneedstoresolveitsprivacy9withregulatorsinAmericaandEurope.10itswillingnesstonegotiatethesettlement11thisweek.

Announcingtheagreement,theFTCsaidithadfoundanumberofcaseswhereFacebookhadmadeclaimsthatwere“unfairanddeceptive,and12federallaw”.Forinstance,it13personallyidentifiableinformationtoadvertisers,anditfailedtokeepapromisetomakephotosandvideosondeletedaccounts14.

Thesettlementdoesnot15anadmissionbyFacebookthatithasbrokenthelaw,butitdeeply16thecompanynonetheless.Inablogpostpublishedthesameday,MarkZuckerberg,Facebook’sboss,triedto17theimpactofthedeal.Firstheclaimedthat“asmallnumberofhigh-profilemistakes”were18thesocialnetwork’s“goodhistory”onprivacy.

TheFTCisnotrelyingonFacebooktopoliceitself.Amongotherthings,thecompanywillnowhavetoseekconsumers’approvalbeforeitchangesthewayitsharestheirdata.Andithasagreedtoanindependentprivacyauditeverytwoyearsforthenext20years.

Thereisaclearpatternhere.InseparatecasesoverthepastcoupleofyearstheFTChasinsistedthatTwitterandGoogleacceptregular19audits,too,aftereachfirmwasaccusedofviolatingitscustomers’privacy.Theintentseemstobetocreatearegulatoryregimethatistighterthanthestatusquo,20onethatstillgivessocialnetworksplentyofroomtoinnovate.

1.[A]setting[B]playing[C]lighting[D]turning

2.[A]craft[B]documentary[C]trade[D]draft

3.[A]verdicts[B]allegations[C]rumors[D]affirmation

4.[A]boasts[B]exaggerates[C]estimates[D]assesses

5.[A]impulse[B]initiative[C]innovation[D]motion

6.[A]increase[B]elevation[C]rise[D]appearance

7.[A]indispensable[B]essential[C]critical[D]fundamental

8.[A]steer[B]clear[C]lay[D]remove

9.[A]controversy[B]competition[C]dispute[D]compromise

10.[A]despite[B]given[C]although[D]hence

11.[A]unveiled[B]discovered[C]exposed[D]revealed

12.[A]violated[B]assaulted[C]resisted[D]betrayed

13.[A]informed[B]entrust[C]imparted[D]confided

14.[A]available[B]retrievable[C]reversible[D]inaccessible

15.[A]constitute[B]correspond[C]confirm[D]conceive

16.[A]involves[B]strikes[C]embarrasses[D]attacks

17.[A]turndown[B]cutdown[C]playdown[D]bringdown

18.[A]overshadowing[B]overlooking[C]overtaking[D]overthrowing

19.[A]expert[B]external[C]formal[D]automatic

20.[A]and[B]but[C]thus[D]despite

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourpassages.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,C,orD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.（40points）

Text1

MostAmericanmoviesareproducedinHollywood,California.Hollywood,whichisactuallynotaseparatecitybutapartofLosAngeles,isanidealspotforthemovieindustry.Thesunshinesmostofthetime,andtheclimateismild.Almosteverykindofnaturalsceneryiswithinafewhours’drive.

Hollywoodbecomesthecenterofnationalattentiononeeveningayear－AcademyAwardnight.AttheAcademyAwardpresentationheldeachspring,statuettescalledOscarsaregiventofilmindustrywinnersindozensofcategories,includingbestactor,bestactress,andbestpicture.Thewinnersarechosenbymembersoftheindustrybeforetheceremony,buttheirnamesarekeptsecretuntilpresentationnight,whentheyareannouncedinalong,nationallytelevisedprogram.

MotionpictureswereextremelypopularintheUnitedStatesafterWorldWarII,whentelevisioncapturedmuchofthemovieaudience.Gearedtothemasses,Hollywoodmoviesofferedmuchthesametypeofentertainmentastelevisiondoes.Withfreeentertainmentintheirhomes,manyAmericanssimplystoppedgoingtomovies.Between1946and1956,movieattendancewascutinhalf.Atthesametime,productioncostszoomed.Themovieindustrywasintrouble.

Theindustryadjusteditselfinanumberofways.MoviecompaniesrentedsoundstagestoTVcompaniesandsoldoldmoviestoTV.Tocutcosts,Hollywoodproducedfewermoviesandfilmedmanyofthemoverseas.Tolureaudiences,theindustryinvestedinnewlenses,widerscreens,andstereophonicsound.StudiosalsobeganproducingkindsofentertainmentthatcouldnotbeofferedbyTV-filmswithcontroversialorshockingthemes,filmswithhugecastsandlavishsettings.Asaresultofthesechanges,todaytheAmericanmotionpictureindustryisthriving.

21.WhatmakesHollywoodagreatplaceforAmericanmovieindustryaccordingtothepassage?

[A]AfamouspartofLosAngeles

[B]Favorablenaturalandtrafficconditions

[C]Naturalscenerywithmildclimateandtheshiningsun

[D]AgreatindustrialbaseofAmerican

22.WhichoneaboutOscarsiscorrectaccordingtothepassage?

[A]Itisthenameofagreatfilmfigure

[B]ItisgiventoWorldAcademyAwardinAmericaeachyear

[C]Itisayearlyhonortowinnersinmovieindustry

[D]Itdoesn’tproduceuntilAcademyAwardnightineachspring

23.WhydidmanyAmericanslikeentertaininginhomesinsteadofgoingtocinemaafterWorldWarII?

[A]Becausethequalityoffilmwasbecomingworseandworse

[B]BecauseHollywoodmoviescouldn’tofferentertainmentsimilartotelevision

[C]Becausethemovieindustrywasintroubleforexpensiveproductioncost

[D]BecauseTV’spopularitymadethemenjoywithoutpaying

24.Whatdoestheword“zoomed”（inthelastsentenceofthethirdparagraph）mean?

[A]Movedalongveryquickly

[B]Roseupwardintotheair

[C]Increasedhighinprice

[D]Movedwithalowhummingnoise

25.Themovieindustrytriedmanymethodstolureaudiencesexcept__________.

[A]buildingcommercialrelationshipwithTVcompanies

[B]improvingitsbasicequipment

[C]producingfilmswithfamousstarsinlowcost

[D]offeringtypesofentertainmentdifferentfromTV

Text2

TheArcticOceanhasgivenuptensofthousandsmoresquarekilometersoficeinarelentlesssummerofmelt,withscientistswatchingthroughsatelliteeyesforapossiblerecordlowpolaricecap.

FromthebarrenArcticshoreofavillageinCanada’sfarnorthwest,veteranobserverEddieGrubenhasseenthesummericeretreatingmoreeachdecadeastheworldhaswarmed.Bythisweekendtheiceedgelay128kilometersatsea,butfortyyearsago,itwas64kilometersout.Globalaveragetemperaturesrose1degreeFahrenheitinthepastcentury,butArctictemperaturesrosetwiceasmuchorevenfaster,almostcertainlyinlargepartbecauseofmanmadegreenhousegases,researcherssay.InlateJulythemercurysoaredtoalmost86degreesFahrenheitinthissettlementof900ArcticEskimos.

AsofThursday,theU.S.NationalSnowandIceDateCenterreported,thepolaricecapextendedover6.75millionsquarekilometersafterhavingshrunkanaverage106,000squarekilometersadayinJuly—equivalenttooneIndianaorthreeBelgiumsdaily.TherateofmeltwassimilartothatofJuly2007,theyearwhentheicecapdwindledtoarecordminimumextentof4.3millionsquarekilometersinSeptember.Initslatestanalysis,NSIDCsaidArcticatmosphericconditionsthissummerhavebeensimilartothoseofthesummerof2007,includingahigh-pressureridgethatproducedclearskiesandstrongmeltintheBeaufortSea,thearmoftheArcticOceanoffnorthernAlaskaandnorthwesternCanada.

Scientistssaythemakeupofthefrozenpolarseahasshiftedsignificantlythepastfewyears,asthickmultiyearicehasgivenwayastheArctic’sdominantformtothinicethatcomesandgoeswitheachwinterandsummer.Thepastfewyearshave“signaledafundamentalchangeinthecharacteroftheiceandtheArcticclimate,”Meiersaid.Ironically,thesummermeltssince2007appeartohavealloweddisintegratingbutstillthickmultiyearicetodriftthisyearintotherelativelynarrowchannelsoftheNorthwestPassage.Usually,impassablechannelshadbeenrelativelyice-freethepasttwosummers.

Observationsatellites’remotesensorswilltellresearchersinSeptemberwhetherthepolarcapdiminishedthissummertoitssmallestsizeonrecord.Thenthesunwillbegintoslipbelowthehorizonforseveralmonths,andtemperaturesplunginginthepolardarknesswillfreezethesurfaceoftheseaagain,leavingthisandotherArcticcoastlinesinthegripofice.Mostoftheseaicewillbenew,thinnerandweakerannualformations,however.

AtaglobalconferencelastMarchinCopenhagen,scientistsdeclaredthatclimatechangeisoccurringfasterthanhadbeenanticipated,citingthefast-dyingArcticcapasoneexample.Amonthlater,theU.S.NationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministrationpredictedArcticsummerscouldbealmostice-freewithin30years,notatthecentury