GRE北美试题.docx

GRE北美试题.docx

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GRE北美试题

GRE北美试题21

No.5-2SECTION1

1.Createdtoserveasperfectlyaspossibletheirworkaday----,thewoodenstorageboxesmadeinAmerica'sShakercommunitiesarenow----fortheirbeauty.

（A）environment..accepted

（B）owners..employed

（C）function..valued

（D）reality..transformed

（E）image..seen

2.Inorderto----hertheorythatthereactionsare----,thescientistconductedmanyexperiments,all

ofwhichshowedthattheheatofthefirstreactionismorethantwicethatofthesecond.

（A）support..different

（B）comprehend..constant

（C）evaluate..concentrated

（D）capture..valuable

（E）demonstrate..problematic

3.Thesheerbulkofdatafromthemassmediaseemstooverpowerusanddriveusto----accountsforaneasilyandreadilydigestibleportionofnews.

（A）insular（B）investigative（C）synoptic

（D）subjective（E）sensational

4.WilliamJameslackedtheusual----death;writingtohisdyingfather,hespokewithout----abouttheoldman'simpendingdeath.

（A）longingfor..regret

（B）aweof..inhibition

（C）curiosityabout..rancor

（D）apprehensionof..eloquence

（E）anticipationof..commiseration

5.Currentdatasuggestthat,although----statesbetweenfearandaggressionexist,fearandaggres-sionareasdistinctphysiologicallyastheyarepsychologically.

（A）simultaneous（B）serious

（C）exceptional（D）partial

（E）transitional

6.Itisironicthatacriticofsuchoverwhelmingvanitynowsuffersfromameasureoftheobliviontowhichhewasforever----others,intheend,allhis----hasonlyworkedagainsthim

（A）dedicating..self-procession

（B）leading..self-righteousness

（C）consigning..self-adulation

（D）relegating..self-sacrifice

（E）condemning..self-analysis

7.Famousamongjobseekersforits----,thecom-pany,quiteapartfromgeneroussalaries,bestowedonitsexecutivesannualbonusesandsuch----aslow-interesthomemortgagesandcompanycars.

（A）magnanimity..reparations

（B）inventiveness..benefits

（C）largesse..perquisites

（D）discernment..prerogatives

（E）altruism..credits

8.WEB:

SPIDER:

:

（A）flower:

bee（B）canal:

otter

（C）nest:

bird（D）acorn:

squirrel

（E）bait:

fish

9.FOUR-POSTER:

BED:

:

（A）convertible:

automobile

（B）soldier:

army（C）student:

school

（D）chlorine:

water（E）paper:

wood

10.BONE:

BODY:

:

（A）scaffold:

hinge（B）brace:

corner

（C）strut:

buttress（D）lattice:

division

（E）girder:

skyscraper

11.SCOOP:

CONCAVE:

:

（A）tongs:

hollow（B）spatula:

flat

（C）beater:

tined（D）cleaver:

indented

（E）skewer:

rounded

12.SYMBOLS:

RERUS:

:

（A）notes:

score（B）military:

insignia

（C）proportions:

recipe

（D）program:

computer

（E）silversmith:

hallmark

13.GUSH:

EFFUSIVE:

:

（A）exult:

honest（B）deliberate:

secretive

（C）giggle:

innocent（D）rage:

irate

（E）whisper:

confidential

14.PERORATION:

SPEECH:

:

（A）tempo:

movement（B）figure:

portrait

（C）light:

shadow（D）verse:

stanza

（E）coda:

sonata

15.INTERREGNUM:

GOVERNMENT:

:

（A）splice:

rope（B）cleavage:

crystal

（C）infraction:

law（D）frequency:

wave

（E）hibernation:

activity

16.EMBROIDER:

CLOTH:

:

（A）chase:

metal（B）patch:

quilt

（C）gild:

gold（D）carve:

knife

（E）stain:

glass

Visualrecognitioninvolvesstoringandretrievingmem-ories.Neuralactivity,triggeredbytheeye,formsanimageinthebrain'smemorysystemthatconstitutesaninternalrepresentationoftheviewedobject.Whenanobjectisencounteredagain,itismatchedwithitsinter-nalrepresentationandtherebyrecognized.Controversysurroundsthequestionofwhetherrecognitionisaparal-lel,one-stepprocessoraserial,step-by-stepone.Psy-chologistsoftheGestaltschoolmaintainthatobjectsarerecognizedaswholesinaparallelprocedure:

theinter-nalrepresentationismatchedwiththeretinalimageinasingleoperation.Otherpsychologistshaveproposedthatinternalrepresentationfeaturesarematchedseriallywithanobject'sfeatures.Althoughsomeexperimentsshowthat,asanobjectbecomesfamiliar,itsinternalrepresen-tationbecomesmoreholisticandtherecognitionprocesscorrespondinglymoreparallel,theweightofevidenceseemstosupporttheserialhypothesis,atleastforobjectsthatarenotnotablysimpleandfamiliar.

17.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith

（A）explaininghowthebrainreceivesimages

（B）synthesizinghypothesesofvisualrecognition

（C）examiningtheevidencesupportingtheserial-recognitionhypothesis

（D）discussingvisualrecognitionandsomehypothesesproposedtoexplainit

（E）reportingonrecentexperimentsdealingwithmemorysystemsandtheirrelationshiptoneuralactivity

18.Accordingtothepassage,Gestaltpsychologistsmakewhichofthefollowingsuppositionsaboutvisualrecognition?

I.Aretinalimageisinexactlythesameformsasitsinternalrepresentation.

II.Anobjectisrecognizedasawholewithoutanyneedforanalysisintocomponentparts.

III.Thematchingofanobjectwithitsinternalrepresentationoccursinonlyonestep.

（A）IIonly（B）IIIonly

（C）IandIIIonly（D）IIandIIIonly

（E）I,II,andIII

19.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthematch-ingprocessinvisualrecognitionis

（A）notaneuralactivity

（B）notpossiblewhenanobjectisviewedfortheveryfirsttime

（C）notpossibleifafeatureofafamiliarobjectischangedinsomeway

（D）onlypossiblewhenaretinalimageisreceivedinthebrainasaunitarywhole

（E）nowfullyunderstoodasacombinationoftheserialandparallelprocesses

20.Ittermsofitstoneandform,thepassagecanbestbecharacterizedas

（A）abiasedexposition

（B）aspeculativestudy

（C）adispassionatepresentation

（D）anindignantdenial

（E）adogmaticexplanation

Inlargepartasaconsequenceofthefeministmove-ment,historianshavefocusedagreatdealofattentioninrecentyearsondeterminingmoreaccuratelythestatusofwomeninvariousperiods.Althoughmuchhasbeenaccomplishedforthemodernperiod,premoderncultureshaveprovedmoredifficult:

sourcesarerestrictedinnumber,fragmentary,difficulttointerpret,andoftencontradictory.Thusitisnotparticularlysurprisingthatsomeearlierscholarshipconcerningsuchcultureshassofargoneunchallenged.AnexampleisJohannBachofen's1861treatiseonAmazons,women-ruledsocietiesofquestionableexistencecontemporarywithancientGreece.

Startingfromthepremisethatmythologyandlegendpreserveatleastanucleusofhistoricalfact,Bachofenarguedthatwomenweredominantinmanyancientsoci-eties.HisworkwasbasedonacomprehensivesurveyofreferencesintheancientsourcestoAmazonianandothersocietieswithmatrilinealcustoms-societiesinwhichdescentandpropertyrightsaretracedthroughthefemaleline.SomesupportforhistheorycanbefoundinevidencesuchasthatdrawnfromHerodotus,theGreek"historian"ofthefifthcenturyB.C.,whospeaksofanAmazoniansociety,theSauromatae,wherethewomenhuntedandfoughtinwars.Awomaninthissocietywasnotallowedtomarryuntilshehadkilledapersoninbattle.

Nonetheless,thisassumptionthatthefirstrecordersofancientmythshavepreservedfactsisproblematic.IfonebeginsbyexaminingwhyancientsrefertoAmazons,itbecomesclearthatancientGreekdescriptionsofsuchsocietiesweremeantnotsomuchtorepresentobservedhistoricalfact-realAmazoniansocieties-butrathertooffer"morallessons"onthesupposedoutcomeofwomen'sruleintheirownsociety.TheAmazonswereoftencharacterized,forexample,astheequivalentsofgiantsandcentaurs,enemiestobeslainbyGreekheroes.Theircustomswerepresentednotasthoseofarespect-ablesociety,butastheveryantithesesofordinaryGreekpractices.

Thus,Iwouldargue,thepurposeofaccountsoftheAmazonsfortheirmaleGreekrecorderswasdidactic,toteachbothmaleandfemaleGreeksthatall-femalegroups,formedbywithdrawalfromtraditionalsociety,aredestructiveanddangerous.MythsabouttheAma-zonswereusedasargumentsforthemale-dominatedstatusquo,inwhichgroupscomposedexclusivelyofeithersexwerenotpermittedtosegregatethemselvespermanentlyfromsociety.Bachofenwasthusmisledinhisrelianceonmythsforinformationaboutthestatusofwomen.Thesourcesthatwillprobablytellcontempo-raryhistoriansmostaboutwomenintheancientworldaresuchsocialdocumentsasgravestones,wills,andmarriagecontracts.Studiesofsuchdocumentshavealreadybeguntoshowhowmistakenwearewhenwetrytoderiveourpictureoftheancientworldexclusivelyfromliterarysources,especiallymyths.

21.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto

（A）comparecompetingnewapproachestounderstandingtheroleofwomeninancientsocieties

（B）investigatetheramificationsofBachofen'stheoryaboutthedominanceofwomeninancientsocieties

（C）explaintheburgeoninginterestamonghistoriansindeterminingtheactualstatusofwomeninvarioussocieties

（D）analyzethenatureofAmazoniansocietyanduncoversimilaritiesbetweenitandtheGreekworld

（E）criticizethevalueofancientmythsindeterminingthestatusofwomeninancientsocieties

22.AllofthefollowingarestatedbytheauthorasproblemsconnectedwiththesourcesforknowledgeofpremodernculturesEXCEPT

（A）partialcompleteness

（B）restrictedaccessibility

（C）difficultyofinterpretation

（D）limitedquantity

（E）tendencytowardcontradiction

23.WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutthemythsrecordedbytheancientGreeks?

I.Theysometimesincludedportrayalsofwomenholdingpositionsofpower.

II.Theysometimescontainedelaborateexplanationsofinheritancecustoms.

III.TheycomprisealmostallofthematerialavailabletohistoriansaboutancientGreece.

（A）Ionly（B）IIIonly（C）IandIIIonly

（D）IIandIII