基础医学英语试题山东大学.docx

基础医学英语试题山东大学.docx

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基础医学英语试题山东大学

基础医学英语试题山东大学

基础医学英语试题

MedicalEnglishTestB

PartIVocabulary（35%）

SectionA

Directions：

ChoosethedefinitionfromchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）thatbestmatchesthe

stemoraffixgivenineachitem.

1.stern/o-

A）skullB）cartilageC）breastboneD）brain

2.oste/o-

A）jointB）marrowC）membraneD）bone

3.–clast

A）tocombineB）tojoinC）tobreakD）toput

4.hem/o-

A）fiberB）serumC）bloodD）clot

5.–poiesis

A）productionB）immunizationC）combinationD）reduction

6.gastr/o-

A）esophagusB）pancreasC）stomachD）liver

7.enter/o

A）jejunumB）ileumC）rectumD）smallintestine

8.erythr/o

A）whiteB）redC）yellowD）green

9.nephr/o

A）bladderB）ureterC）kidneyD）urethra

10.para-

A）insideB）outsideC）behindD）beside

11.myo-

A）tissueB）muscleC）cellD）plasm

12.cardi/o

A）spleenB）liverC）lungD）heart

13.–rrhexis

A）ruptureB）sutureC）mixtureD）flexure

14.intra-

A）betweenoramongB）inside,inC）overD）by

15.ne/o-

A）oldB）newC）smallD）large

16.hypo-

A）deficientB）excessiveC）sufficientD）productive

17.meta-

A）upwardB）downwardC）after,beyondD）before，infrontof

18.kary/o-

A）nucleusB）plasmaC）serousD）mucous

19.lip/o-

A）drugB）nutrientC）skinD）fat

20.–ectomy

A）incisionB）excisionC）lesionD）diffusion

SectionB

Directions:

Thereare25incompletesentencesinthissection.Foreachsentencetherearefour

choicesmarkedA）,B）,C）,andD）.ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthe

sentence..

1

21.Thecellsbelievedtoberesponsiblefortheresorptionofbonetissueare

called_______________.

A）osteoblastsB）osteoclastsC）osteoporosisD）ossification

22.Internalreproductiveorgansareprotectedfrominjuryby__________

A）sternumB）scapulaeC）patellaD）pelvicbone

23.The___________isacrucialpartofthemechanismformaintainingbodytemperature.

A）hypothalamusB）thalamusC）diencephalonsD）meninges

24.The___________,theponsandthemidbrainarecalledthebrainstem.

A）foramenmagnumB）cerebralcortex

C）corpuscallosumD）medullaoblongata

25.Bloodiscomposedofcellsorcell-likestructuresandanextracellularfluid

called___________.

A）serosaB）mucosaC）plasmaD）stroma

26.___________,thepigmentoferythrocytes,iscapableofcarryingoxygenorcarbondioxide.

A）HemosiderinB）HemoglobinC）BilirubinD）Thrombin

27.Thenormaladrenalcortexrespondstotheconditionofstressbyquicklyincreasingitssecretionof__________.

A）glucocorticoidsB）mineralcorticoids

C）thyroxineD）epinephrine

28.Endocrineglandssecretechemicalsknownas__________intointercellularspaces.

A）aminoacidB）sodiumchlorideC）colloidD）hormones

29.Theutilizationofthedigestedsubstancesbythebodycellsiscalled__________.

A）metabolismB）catabolismC）metaboliteD）catabolite

30.Whenthechymeentersthe__________,thesecondpartofthesmallintestine,absorptionof

thedigestedfoodoccurs.

A）ileumB）rectumC）cecumD）jejunum

31.The__________isaverynarrowhollowcylinderformedbyasinglelayerofepithelialcells.

A）glomerulusB）pelvisC）renaltubuleD）Bowman’scapsule

32.Theword‘__________’hasthesamemeaningwith‘urination’.

A）masticationB）micturitionC）deglutitionD）agglutination

33.The__________ismadeupofinterlacingbundlesofsmoothmuscles.

A）myometriumB）endometriumC）adventitiaD）serosa

34.Duringpregnancy,thecervicalmucousglandsproliferateandsecreteamoreviscousandmore

abundant__________.

A）ovumB）fetusC）gameteD）mucus

35.Theartroventricularvalvesliebetweenthe__________andventricleineachhalfoftheheart.

A）alveolusB）aortaC）atriumD）arteriole

36.The__________isthemostimportantinspiratorymuscleduringnormalquietbreathing.

A）septumB）diaphragmC）pleuraD）elastica

37.Morethan10millionchildrendieeachyearinthedevelopingworld,thevastmajorityfrom

causespreventablethroughacombinationofgoodcare,nutrition,andmedical

treatment.________forchildrenunderfivedroppedby15percentsince1990,buttheratestillremainedhighindevelopingcountries.

A）MorbidityB）MortalityC）IncidenceD）Involution

38.Animportantmethodoflocalextensioninmanycancersisknownas__________.

A）metastasisB）hyperplasiaC）permeationD）embolization

39.Doctorsandnursesshouldtakegreatcareduringsurgerynotto____________thewoundwith

cancercells.

A）disseminateB）contaminateC）migrateD）occlude

40.__________istheresultofhydrolysisofchromatinwithinthecellafteritsdeath.

A）KaryolysisB）PyknosisC）NecrosisD）Apoptosis

2

41.Thecauseofnecrosisinvivooftheanteriorhorncellsofthespinalcordin__________

isvirusinfection.

A）appendicitisB）arthritisC）gastroenteritisD）poliomyelitis

42.Inflammationofthelungistraditionallycalled__________,whichcansometimesaffect

newborns.

A）asthmaB）asphyxiaC）pleurisyD）pneumonia

43.Whenthemicrovasculatureatthesiteofinjurybecomesdilatedandfilledwithblood,

__________develops.

A）hypercalcemiaB）hypertrophyC）hyperaemiaD）hyperplasia

44.Diabetesmellituscancausesomecomplicationssuchas__________,numbnessandhighblood

pressure.

A）retinopathyB）bronchospasmC）malariaD）hemophilia

45.Aspleenrupturedbyablowtotheabdomenisanimmediatecauseof__________.

A）tumorB）traumaC）ulcerD）wart

PartIIReadingComprehension（45%）

Directions:

Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestionthere

arefouranswersmarkedA,B,C,andD.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebest

answertoeachofthequestions.Thenmarkyouranswerontheanswersheetbyblackening

thecorrespondingletterinthebrackets.

Passage1

Thebrainisoneofourlargestorgans,andoneofthetwomajorstructures（spinalcordistheother）ofthecentralnervoussystem.Thebrainisprotectedinthecranialcavityoftheskullandalsocoveredbytheprotectivemembranescalledmeninges.Itconsistsofthefollowingdivisions.

BrainstemThelowestpartofthebrainstemisthemedullaoblongata.Immediatelyabovethemedullaliestheponsandabovethatthemidbrain.Togetherthesethreestructuresarecalledthebrainstem.

CerebellumThecerebellumisthesecondlargestpartofthehumanbrain.Itliesundertheoccipitallobeofthecerebrum.Inthecerebellum,graymattercomposestheouterlayer,andwhitemattercomposesthebulkoftheinterior.

DiencephalonDiencephalonisasmallbutimportantpartofthebrainlocatedbetweenthemidbrainbelowandthecerebrumabove.Itconsistsoftwomajorstructures;thehypothalamusandthethalamus.

CerebrumThecerebrumisthelargestanduppermostpartofthebrain.Ifyouweretolookattheoutersurfaceofthecerebrum,thefirstfeaturesyouwouldnoticemightbeitsmanyridgesandgrooves.Theridgesarecalledconvolutionsorgyri,andthegroovesarecalledsulci;thelongitudinalfissuredividesthecerebrumintorightandlefthalvesorhemispheres.Thesehalvesarealmostseparatestructuresexceptfortheirlowermidpoints,whichareconnectedbyastructurecalledthecorpuscallosum.Twodeepsulcisubdivideeachcerebralhemisphereintofourmajorlobesandeachlobeintonumerousconvolutions.Thelobesarenamedforthebonesthatlieoverthem;thefrontallobe,theparietallobe,thetemporallobe,andtheoccipitallobe.

46.Whichofthefollowingisthelargestpartofthebrain?

A）Brainstem.

B）Diencephalon.

C）Cerebrum.

D）Cerebellum.

47.Theuppermostpartofthebrainstemisthe_______.

A）medullaoblongata

B）midbrain

C）pons

D）whitematter

3

48.Thecerebellumiscomposedof________.

A）graymatter

B）whitematter

C）BothA）andB）.

D）NoneofA）andB）

49.Thethalamusisamajorstructureofthe________.

A）midbrain

B）cerebellum

C）brainstem

D）diencephalons

50.Accordingtotheabovepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEEXCEPT

A）Therearemanygroovesandridgesontheoutersurfaceofthecerebrum.

B）Theridgesofthecerebrumarecalledgyri,andthegroovesarecalledsulci;

C）Twodeepsulcidivideeachcerebralhemisphereintofourmajorlobes.

D）Rightandlefthemispheresofthecerebrumarecompletelyseparatestructures.

Passage2

Massageaffectsthebodyasawhole.Tounderstandhowmassagetherapyworks,someofthephysiologicaleffectsofmassageneedtobebrieflyexamined.

Massageisknowntoincreasethecirculationofbloodandflowoflymph.Thedirectmechanicaleffectofrhythmicallyappliedmanualpressureandmovementusedinmassagecandramaticallyincreasetherateofbloodflow.Also,thestimulationofnervereceptorscausesthebloodvessels（byreflexaction）todilate,whichalsofacilitatesbloodflow.

Amilkywhitefluidcalledlymphcarriesimpuritiesandwasteawayfromthetissuesandpassesthroughgland-likestructuresspacedthroughoutthelymphaticsystemthatactasfilteringvalves.Thelymphdoesnotcirculateastheblooddoes,soitsmovementdependslargelyonthesqueezingeffectofmusclecontractions.Consequently,inactivepeoplefailtostimulatelymphflow.Ontheotherhand,thestimulationcausedbyvigorousactivitycanbeoutstrippedbytheincreasedwasteproducedbythatactivity.Massagecandramaticallyaidthemovementoflymphineithercase.

Forthewholebodytobehealthy,thesumofitsparts---thecells---mustbehealthy.Theindividualcellsofthebodyaredependentonanabundantsupplyofbloodandlymphbecausethesefluidssupplynutrientsandoxygenandcarryawaywastesandtoxins.So,itiseasytounderstandwhygoodcirculationissoimportanttoourhealthandwhymassagecanbesobeneficialfor