一种基于ARM的无线自动抄表与控制系统设计.docx

一种基于ARM的无线自动抄表与控制系统设计.docx

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一种基于ARM的无线自动抄表与控制系统设计

DesignofaWirelessARM-BasedAutomatic

MeterReadingandControlSystem

Chih-HungWu,Shun-ChienChangandYu-WeiHuang

powerparametersandcontrolsignaltoreachthegoalofload

Abstract--ThispaperimplementsawirelessARM-basedmanagementandpowerdemandcontrol.Usingautomaticautomaticmeterreadingandcontrolsystem（WAMRCS）fordistributionautomation.TheWAMRCSisdesignedbasedona32-bitARMmicroprocessortodealwithpowerdataprocessing

andrelaycontrol.Inordertoprovideacost-effective,wireless,

always-connected,two-waydatalinkbetweenutilitycompanyandWAMRCS,theWAMRCSsendsinformationofutilityusage,powerqualityandoutagealarmtoutilitycompanyviaGPRSnetwork.Comparedwithanalogutilitymeterreadingbymanpower,WAMRCSismoreaccurate,reliable,cost-effective,quickandfreefromman-madeerrors.Itcanprovideextra

capabilitiessuchasdistributionautomation,loadmanagement

andtime-of-userate.

IndexTerms—ARM-BasedSystem,AutomaticMeterReading,GPRS,RelayControl.I.INTRODUCTIONW

iththerapidgrowthofpopulationandtechnology,theelectricpowerconsumptionandnumberofutility-consumershadincreasedquickly.Inordertoservelarger

utility-consumers,utilitycompanyneedstoemployeemorereading-meterworkers.Duringtheprocessofreadingmeterandwritingdownutilityusageonrecordtablebyworkers,man-madeerrorsoftenhappened.Thereforeutilitycompanyspentcostandmanpowertocorrecttheseerrorsforutility-consumers.Otherwiseitisuneconomicalforutilitycompanytodispatchworkerstorecordutilityusageonutility-consumers-scatteredwidearea.

Someutility-consumersastechnologyfactoriescareaboutqualityofpowersupply,butanalogpowermetercan’tgiveenoughinformationaboutpowerquality.Whenthepowersupplyisunstableoroutageoccurstoutility-consumers,how

theutilitycompanyknowstheabovestatusandthenclearspowerfaultsquicklytodecreasetheutility-consumers’loss.It’sanimportantpointtoresearch.

Atpresenttherearemoreandmorestudiesapplyingtwo-waycommunicationtechnologiesondistribution

automation[1]-[4].ThesestechnologiescansendalotofChih-HungWuisLectureofDepartmentofElectricalEngineering,Chien

KuoInstituteofTechnology,R.O.C.（e-mail:

zhwu@cc.ckit.edu.tw）.

Shun-ChienChangiswithDepartmentofElectricalEngineering,NationalChang-HuaUniversityofEducation,R.O.C.（e-mail:

boboffice@.tw）.

Yu-WeiHuangisProfessorofDepartmentofElectricalEngineering,NationalChang-HuaUniversityofEducation,R.O.C.（e-mail:

huangyw@cc.ncue.edu.tw）.

systemofreadingmeterondistributionautomationcansupplymanycapabilitiessuchasefficientmeter-reading,distribution,powermonitoringandcontrol,loadmanagement

andtime-of-userate.Supplyingabovecapabilitiesisadevelopmenttendencytopromoteservicequalityforutility-consumersandimprovethemanagementefficiencyforutility

companyinthefuture.

IInthepast,mostautomatedmeterreading（AMR）weregenerallybasedonsuchmediaaspowerlinecarrier

communication（PLC）,radiofrequency（RF）,telephonelineandnetworktosenddata[5]-[7].Theabovecommunicationmediafactsomeproblemssuchastransmissiondistance,transmissioncost,maintenanceandsecurityofdata

transmission.nordertosolvetheseproblems,wecan

considerapplyingmobilecommunicationsystemGPRS

（GeneralPacketRadioService）,whichispopularlyusedintheworld,tosendpowerdata.

Withrapidgrowthofinternetandmobilecommunicationnetwork,futureapplicationservicewillgraduallyconcentrateondatatransmissionservice.GPRShasbeendevelopedmaturelyandhasmanypracticalapplicationsatpresent[8]-[12].Ithasmanyadvantagessuchasalwayson-line,high-speedtransmissionandchargedfeeaccordingtotheamountoftransmitteddata.Itcansatisfytheneedofsendingpowerparametersonautomaticsystemofreadingdigitalmeter.

Therefore,GPRSsystemcanbuildoutdoor,mobile,wide-rangeandMultipoint-to-Multipointdatatransmissionchannelandsatisfytheneedofdatatransmissionspeedforautomaticsystemofreadingdigitalmeter.

Underconsiderationstoregionalsurroundings,lawsandregulations,communicationefficiency,interferenceandtransmissioncost,thisstudyproposesawirelessARM-based

automaticmeterreadingandcontrolsystem（WAMRCS）.TheWAMRCSusessamplingcircuitandA/Dconverterto

transferanalogsignalofvoltageandcurrentintodigitaldata.Thedigitaldatathenissendtoembeddedsystemtocompute

powerparameters.Thisembeddedsystemwillsendpower

parameterstoregionalmonitoringandcontrolcenterofutilitycompanyviaGPRSmoduleconnectedwithit.ThisWAMRCSappliedondistributionautomationcansavepersonnelexpenseofhiringreading-meterworkersandcanbefreefromhumaninvolvement;moreover,itcansavelargemanpowerfromkeyingutilityusageintodatabase.

andthenconvertedintoanequivalentdigitalsignalbythe

ThehardwarearchitectureandappearanceofsystemareA/Dconverter.shownasFig.1andFig.2.WeusePTandCTtomeasuretheB.RCUanalogsignalofvoltageandcurrent.TheanalogsignalisTheRCUisaninterruptingdevicedesignedforfaultsampledbysample-and-holdcircuitandtransferredintointerruptionandloadswitching.InordertoprotecttheD/AdigitaldatabyA/Dconverter.Thedigitaldatathenissenttoconverterfromexceedingcurrent,theD/AconverterisARM-basedembeddedsystemtocomputepowerparameters.connectedwithprotectiverelaywiredinserieswiththeThisembeddedsystemcommunicateswithregionalcenterofbreakercontrolcircuit,sothebreakercouldbecontrolled.utilitycompanyforreportingpowerparametersandstatus

periodicallyviaGPRSmoduleconnectedwithit.TheUPSisC.AESusedtoprovidestablepowersupplyfortheembeddedsystemTraditionalpowermeasureinstruments,likewatthourandbackuppowertopreventfromshort-termoutage.meterandreactivepowermeter,cannotsupplyenoughTheWAMRCScanbedividedintofiveparts,thesefiveinformationaboutpowerquality.InordertoacquireRMSpartsseparatelyaresignalsamplingunit（SSU）,relaycontrolvalueofvoltageandcurrent,powerfactor,realpower,unit（RCU）,ARM-basedembeddedsystem（AES）,wirelessreactivepowerandapparentpower,moreandmoredesignerscommunicationmodule（WCM）andutilitycontrolcenterusemicroprocessortodesigndigitalreadingmeters.The（UCC）.Thehardwaredescriptionoffivepartsisintroducedmicroprocessor-baseddigitalpowermetershavebeenasfollows.availableinthelaboratoryandonthemarketintherecent

years[5]-[7],[13],[14].TheARM-basedsystemoccupiesA.SSU

smallspace.Itsupportmostpopularcommunicationprotocols

Theanalogsignalscaleofvoltageandcurrentontheanditscapabilitiesaremorepowerfulthan8051chip.TheprimaryisproportionallytransformedonthesecondaryviaARM-basedsystemhasbeenwidelyusedinavarietyofPTandCTtransformers.TheSSUusessample-and-holdnetworkequipments,suchasmobilephoneandPDA,andcircuittoquicklystoretheinstantaneousamplitudeofabecomepopularandcheaperatpresent.TheARM-basedsampledinputsignal,andthentoholdthatamplitudeuntiltheembeddedsystemhasasimpleoperationsystem,sonextsamplingpulse.Duringtheholdtime,thesampledprogrammercanusepopularclanguagetodesignprogram.voltageorcurrentwouldbechosenalternatelybymultiplexer

II.WAMRCSSYSTEMARCHITECTURE

UtilityControlCenter

（UCC）

Fig.1.SystemHardwareArchitecture

D.WCM

TheWAMRCSadoptsMC35TerminalGPRSmodule

producedbySiemensCorporationaswirelesscommunication

module.ThisuniversallyusableGPRSmodulesupportsboth

theGSM900andtheGSM1800networks.Ithashighspeed

ofwirelessvoiceanddatatransmission.TheMC35Terminal

GPRSmoduleoffersclass8GPRSdatacommunicationin

additiontoclassicGSMservicesandmobileinternetaccess

achievesaperformancelevelpreviouslyonlyavailablein

fixednetworks.ItcanbeintegratedsimplyviastandardRS-

232interfaces[16].

E.UCC

Fig.2.AppearanceofWAMRCSTheUCCresidesintheutilitycompanyandhasaPCascontrolserverwithneededprogramsandstoragetoreadandThisstudyadoptsNET-StartembeddedsystemproducedcollectpowerparametersfromAESviacommunicationbyWSCORECorporationtodesignWAMRCS.Thenetwork.Thespecificationsofserverareasfollows:

specificationsandcapabilitiesofNET-Startembeddedsystem󰀀2.4GHzIntelPentiumIIIprocessoraredescribedasfollows[15]:

󰀀512MegabytesRAM

（1）tisdesignedbasedonalowpower32-bit󰀀80GigabyteHardDiskITMnetworkprocessorcalledARM7TDM󰀀15"LCDMonitorI"S3C4510TM".S3C4510TMisahighperformanceand󰀀DVD-RomDrivelowcostsolutionfornetworkapplications.󰀀FloppyDiskDriveI

（2）S3C4510TMincludes8-kbytecache/SRAM,andRS-232󰀀100Mbps.NetworkConnectionserialinterface,twoUARTs,twotimers,18󰀀Dot-matrixprinterprogrammableI/Oports,anda10/100BaseTEthernet

controller.TheonchipfeaturescansignificantlyreduceIII.AESSOFTWAREARCHITECTUREthetotalsystemcosttodesignnetworkdevices.ThefunctionblocksdiagramofAESsoftwareisshownas（3）TheNET-Startembeddedsystemhas2MBflashROM

and16MBSDRAMonboard,soitcanexecutelongerFig.3.ThefunctionsofAESsoftwarearemeasurementsprogrammingcodeandhaslargerRAMtostoremoreacquisition,relaycontrol,tamperdetection,AESsetup,power

parameterscomputationanddatabasemanagement.TheAESdata.

softwarerunsundertheµClinuxoperationsystem.

Fig.3.FunctionBlocksDiagramofAESSoftware

A.µClinuxoperationsystemApparentpower:

VA=rms×