钻井专业英语题库高级.docx

钻井专业英语题库高级.docx

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钻井专业英语题库高级

油田生产事业部钻井专业高级英语题库

一、专业词汇英译汉（125题）

1DrillingSuperintendent钻井监督

2OIM海上设施经理

3SeniorToolpusher高级队长

4JuniorToolpusher值班队长

5Driller司钻

6AssistantDriller（简AD）副司钻

7DerrickMan井架工

8FloorMan（或roughneck）钻工

9BargeMaster（或captain）船长

10FirstMate（或BargeEngineer）大副

11ChiefEngineer轮机长

12FlagMan（或HeadofRoustabout）甲板班长

13CraneOperator吊车工

14Roustabout甲板工

15Mechanic机械师

16Electrician电气师

17Motorman轮机员

18Welder焊工

19WarehouseMan（或MaterialMan）材料员

20Medic医生

21SafetySupervisor安全监督

22Interpreter（或translator）翻译

23ChiefSteward管事

24Cook厨师

25Steward厨工

26LaundryMan洗衣工

27CompanyMan（或Operator’sRepresentative）公司代表

28Geologist地质师

29MudLoggingEngineer（或Mudlogger）泥浆录井工程师

30MudEngineer泥浆工程师

31Cementer固井工

32CementEngineer固井工程师

33TestingEngineer试油工程师

34WirelineLoggingEngineer电测工程师

35Drawworks钻井绞车

36TopDriveSystem（简TDS）顶驱

37CrownBlock天车

38TravelingBlock游车

39PipeSpinningWrench钻杆气动扳手

40CatHead液压猫头

41FishingTool打捞工具

42PowerTong动力大钳

43AirWinch（或AirTugger）气动绞车

44CrownBlockSaver防碰天车装置

45MudPump泥浆泵

46ShaleShaker振动筛

47Desilter除泥器

48Desander除沙器

49Degasser除气器

50Centrifuge离心机

51MudAgitator泥浆搅拌器

52MudMixingSystem泥浆混合系统

53CentrifugalPump离心泵

54RotaryHose水龙带

55BulkAirSystemandTank吹灰系统和灰罐

56PipeRamPreventer管子闸板防喷器

57AnnularPreventer万能防喷器

58BOPStack防喷器组

59GateValves闸阀

60StandpipeManifold立管管汇

61ChokeandKillManifold阻流压井管汇

62RemotelyOperatedPanel远程控制面板

63ChokeControlPanel阻流控制面板

64Diverter转喷器

65Vent通风口、通气口

66AirSupplyFan供气扇

67MooringSystem锚泊系统

68CommunicationEquipment通讯设备

69JackingSystem升降系统

70SkiddingSystem井架滑移系统

71Windlass锚机

72Anchor锚

73Buoy浮标

74EmergencyGenerator应急发电机

75WaterMaker（或desalinizationunit）造淡机

76Boiler锅炉

77Air-conditioningSystem空调系统

78SeaWaterServicePump海水供给系统

79Transformer变压器

80MCC马达控制中心

81VFD变频器

82FireControlSystem消防控制系统

83PortableExtinguisher移动灭火器

84Fire-FightingEquipment消防设备

85Lifeboat救生艇

86（Inflatable）LifeRaft（气胀式）救生筏

87BreathingApparatus（或breather）呼吸器

88LifeJacket（或lifevest）救生衣

89LifeBuoy救生圈

90MudLoggingUnit泥浆录井房

91StandbyBoat值班船

92Day（night）Shift白（夜）班

93SackStorageArea散装材料储存区

94BHA:

BottomHoleAssembly下部钻具组合

95TVD:

TrueVerticalDepth（定向井的）垂直深度

96SCR:

SiliconControlledRectifier可控硅

97WOW:

WaitonWeather等候天气

98WOC:

WaitonCement候凝

99WOB:

WeightOnBit钻压

100RPM:

RevolutionPerMinute转速/分钟

101SWL:

SafeWorkingLoad安全工作负荷

102API:

AmericanPetroleumInstitute美国石油学会

103IADC:

InternationalAssociationofDrillingContractors国际钻井承包商协会

104drillingunderpressure/underbalancepressuredrilling欠平衡钻井

105drillingoverpressure过平衡钻井

106near-balancepressuredrilling近平衡钻井

107DST---drillingstemtest中途测试

108ECD---equivalentcirculatingdensity等效/当量循环密度

109gas-cutmud/气侵泥浆

110fault断层

111filtercake滤饼

112filterloss滤失量

113flowcheck溢流检测

114formationbreakdownpressure地层破裂压力

115formationcompetencytest地层承压能力测试

116formationfracturegradient地层破裂压力梯度

117hydrostaticpressure静液压力

118ICP（initialcirculatingpressure）初始循环压力

119FCP（finalcirculatingpressure）终了循环压力

120permeability渗透性

121pitgain泥浆池增量

122rateofpenetration（ROP）机械钻速m/hr

123snub不压井起下钻

124strippingin/out强行起/下钻

125swab抽汲

二．专业词汇汉译英（100题）

1.异常压力abnormalpressure

2.储能器瓶accumulatorbottle

3.酸化压裂acidfracture（AF）

4.可调节流阀adjustablechoke

5.环空压力（套压）annularpressure/casingpressure

6.立压drillpipepressure

7.环空上返速度annularvelocity

8.倒扣/卸扣backoff

9.回压back-pressure

10.防喷器控制系统blowoutpreventercontrolunit（Closingunit）

11.上返时间bottoms-uptime

12.迟到时间lagtime

13.套管破裂压力casingburstpressure

14.单向阀checkvalve

15.节流阀choke

16.关井压力closed-inpressure（shut-inpressure）

17.司钻法driller’smethod

18.等待加重法/工程师法wait-and-weightmethod

19.钻具内防喷器insideblowoutpreventer

20.井涌kick/overflow

21.压井管线killline

22.堵漏剂lostcirculationadditives

23.泥浆压力梯度mudgradient

24.返出物returns

25.浅层气shallowgas

26.井塌cavein

27.循环池Activetank

28.沉砂池Settlingpit

29.空气包Airchamber

30.套管割刀Casingcutter

31.刮管器Casingscraper

32.井口甲板Cellardeck

33.灌注泵Chargingpump

34.回压凡尔Checkvalve

35.离合器Clutch

36.冷却水泵Cooling-waterpump

37.变换接头Crossoverjoint（x/o）

38.滚筒Drum

39.指梁Fingerboard

40.打捞震击器Fishingjars

41.铣鞋Millingshoe

42.近钻头扶正器Near-bitstabilizer

43.非磁钻铤Non-magneticdrillingcollar

44.鹅颈管Gooseneckpipe

45.内外加厚Internalexternalupset

46.内平钻杆接头Internalflushjoint

47.打捞杯Junksub

48.方钻杆保护接头Kellyprotectivesub

49.键槽破坏器Keyseatreamer

50.弯管Kneepipe

51.锁紧螺栓Lockbolt

52.开口扳手Open-endedspanner

53.梅花扳手Ringspanner

54.钳子Pincers

55.铆钉Rivet

56.套筒扳手Socket

57.虎钳vice（vise）缸套Liner

58.活塞Piston

59.活塞皮碗Pistoncup

60.活塞杆Pistonrod

61.旋塞阀Plugvalve

62.气动工具Pneumatictool

63.滑轮Pulley

64.反循环打捞篮Reversecirculationjunkbasket

65.钢圈Ringgasket

66.立根盒Setback

67.螺旋钻铤Spiraldrillcollar

68.盘根盒Stuffingbox

69.井架大门v-door

70.冲管washpipe

71.耐磨补芯wearbushing

72.造斜器，斜向器whipstock

73.钻杆排放区PipeRackArea

74.坡道Ramp

75.餐厅Mess（也称Dining）Room

76.娱乐室RecreationRoom

77.工衣房ChangeRoom

78.厨房Kitchen

79.套管扶正台CasingStabbingBoard

80.通管器Rabbit

81.尾管Liner

82.导管Conductor

83.扩眼钻头Reamer

84.打捞筒Overshot

85.打捞篮JunkBasket

86.打捞矛Spear

87.打捞公锥FishingTap

88.下部钻具组合BottomHoleAssembly（BHA）

89.重晶石Barite

90.般土Bentonite

91.润滑油Lubricant（Lube/LubeOil）

92.黄油Grease

93.添加剂Additive

94.烧碱CausticSoda

95.稀释剂Thinner

96.氧气Oxygen

97.氮气Nitrogen

98.乙炔Acetylene

99.万用表Multimeter

100.焊机WeldingMachine

三．专业英语阅读理解（25题）

1.PowerSystem

Themainfunctionofarotaryrigistodrillahole,orasitisknownintheindustry,tomakehole.Makingholewitharotaryrigrequiresnotonlyqualifiedpersonnel,butalotofequipmentaswell.Inordertolearnaboutthecomponentsthatittakestomakehole,itisconvenienttodividethemintofourmainsystems:

power,hoisting,rotating,andcirculating.Variouscomponentscomprisethelastthreesystems,butallrequirepowertomakethemwork.

Practicallyeveryrigusesinternal-combustionenginesasitsprimepowersource,oritsprimemover.Arig'senginesaresimilartotheoneinacarexceptthatrigenginesarebigger,morepowerful,anddonotusegasolineasafuel.Also,rigsrequiremorethanoneenginetofurnishtheneededpower.Mostrigenginestodayatediesels,althoughsomearestillaroundthatburnnaturalorliquefiedgasasafuel.Gasenginesusesparkplugstoignitethefuel-airmixtureintheircombustionchamberstoproducepower.

Ontheotherhand,dieselenginesdonothavesparkplugs.Instead,thefuel-airmixtureisignitedbytheheatthatisgeneratedbycompressioninsidetheengine.Anytimeagasiscompressed,itstemperaturerises;compressitenough（asinadieselengine）,and,ifit'sflammable,itgetshotenoughtoignite.Therefore,dieselenginesaresometimescalledcompression-ignitionengines,whilegasandgasolinearecalledspark-ignitionengines.Dieselengineshavealmosttotallysupplantedgasenginesbecausedieselenginesaregenerallylessexpensivetooperate.

Arig,dependingonitssizeandhowdeepaholeitmustdrill,mayhavefromtwotofourengines.Naturally,thebiggertherig,thedeeperitcandrillandthemorepoweritwillneed.Thus,thebigrigshavethreeorfourengines,allofthemtogetherdevelopingupto3000ormorehorsepower.Ofcourse,onceallthehorsepowerisdevelop,itmustbesent,ortransmitted,tothecomponentstobeputtowork.Twocommonmethodsareusedtotransferthepowerelectricalandmechanical.

1.Comparedwitharig'senginestheoneinacarisbiggerandmorepowerful.（F）

2.Arigneedstwoormoreenginesfortherequiredpower.（T）

3.Dieselenginesaredifferentfromgasenginesinthatdieselenginesusesparkplugstoignitethefuel-airmixtureintheircombustionchamberstoproducepower.（F）

4.Gasenginesarelessexpensivetooperatethandieselengines.（F）

5.Threeorfourenginesinabigrigwillproduceupto30000ormorehorsepower.（F）

2.TheDrawworksandtheCat-heads

Thedrawworksisabig,heavypieceofmachinery.Itconsistsofarevolvingdrumaroundwhichthewireropecalledthedrillinglineisspooledorwrapped.Italsohasacatshaftonwhichthecat-headsaremounted.Further,ithasseveralothershafts,clutches,andchain-and-geardrivesforspeedanddirectionchanges.Italsocontainsamainbrake,whichhastheabilitytostopandpreventthedrumfromturning.Whenheavyloadsarebeingraisedorlowered,themainbrakeisassistedbyanauxiliaryhydraulicorelectricbraketohelpabsorbthemomentumcreatedbyaheavyload.

Typically,fourcat-headsaremountedonthecatshaftofthedrawworks.Acat-headlookssomewhatlikeacat'sheadwhenviewedendon.Twodifferenttypesofcat-headsaremountedoneachendofthecatshaft,whichextendsoutfrombothsidesofthedrawworks.Ontheveryendsofthecatshaftarethefrictioncat-headsandrightnexttothemaretheautomaticormechanicalcat-heads.

Africtioncat-headisarelativelysmall,spool-shapeddevice.Usingalargefiberrope（calledthecatline）wrappedseveraltimesaroundthespoolofthefrictioncat-head,acrewmembercanusethecat-headtohoistpiecesofequipmentthathavetobemovedaroundontherigfloor.Manyrigsarenowequippedwithsmallair-poweredhoiststhatareusedinplaceofthefrictioncat-heads.Airhoistsareitemsofequipmentseparatefromthedrawworksandaremuc