全新版大学英语第二版综合教程 第1册 Unit 8 Fable of the Lazy Teenager.docx

全新版大学英语第二版综合教程 第1册 Unit 8 Fable of the Lazy Teenager.docx

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全新版大学英语第二版综合教程第1册Unit8FableoftheLazyTeenager

BeforeReading>>Fable

I.ABriefIntroductiontoFable

Thetermfablereferstoashortstoryinwhichanimalsorinanimateobjectsspeakandbehavelikehumans,usuallytogiveamoralpoint.ThetermcomesfromtheLatinfabula,“atelling.”

ThegreatesttelleroffableswasAesop.HewasbelievedtobeaGreekslavewholivedinthe6thcenturyB.C.AnothergreattelleroffableswasJeandeLaFontaine.HewroteinFranceinthe17thcentury.LaFontainebasedmanyofhisfablesonthoseofAesop.

Someoftheirbest-knownfablesareTheLionandtheMouse,TheHareandtheTortoise,TheFoxandtheGrapes,TheShepherdBoyandtheWolf,TheFoxandtheCrow,TheDoveandtheAnt,andTheFoxandtheStork.

IntheChineselanguage,someidiomscomefromfablessuchasTheFrogintheShallowWell（井底之蛙）,HisSpearagainstHisShield（自相矛盾）,MakingHisMark（刻舟求剑）,OstrichLogic（掩耳盗铃）andBlessingorBane（塞翁失马）.

Aesop（620?

~560?

B.C.）ancientGreekwriteroffables

JeandeLaFontaine（1621~1695）Frenchwriter

II.TwoFamousFables

Herearesomepicturesabouttwofamousfables.OneisanAesop’sfable;theotherisaChineseone.Insmallgroups,studentsarerequiredtotalkaboutthepicturesandthinkofthefollowingquestions.

1.Whatarethenamesofthefables?

2.Whatlessonscanwedrawfromthefables?

TheFoxandtheGrapes

Onedayafoxpassedunderavine.

Fromthevinealotofgrapeswerehanging.

Hewasveryhungryandthirsty.Hesaid,“Whatafinevineitis!

Thegrapesonthevinelookveryniceandsweet.”

Thecolorofthegrapeswasgreen.Thegrapeswereverybig.Andthegrapesweresobigandbeautifulthatthefoxwantedtoeatthem.

Thefoxsaid,“Iamthirstyandhungry.Iwanttoeatthegrapesnow.”

Thefoxjumped.Thegrapesweretoohigh.Hetriedeverythingtogetthegrapes.Butitwasinvain.

Atlastthefoxsaid,“Thegrapesaretoosourtoeat.Idon’twanttogetthepoorgrapes.”

MakingHisMark

AmanfromthestateofChuwascrossingariver.Intheboat,hisswordfellintothewater.Immediatelyhemadeamarkontheboat.

“Thisiswheremyswordfelloff,”hesaid.

Whentheboatstoppedmoving,hewentintothewatertolookforhisswordattheplacewherehehadmarkedtheboat.

Theboathadmovedbuttheswordhadnot.Isthisnotaveryfoolishwaytolookforasword?

III.SomeFamousEnglishSayingsfromFables

HerearesomefamoussayingsinEnglish.Youarerequiredtoanswerthefollowingquestionsandthentelleachfableasbrieflyaspossible.

1.WhataretheChineseequivalentsofthesesayings?

2.Fromwhichfabledoeseachsayingcome?

-Sourgrapes.

-Killingthegoosethatlaysthegoldeneggs.

-Onegoodturndeservesanother.

-Don’tcountyourchickensbeforethey’rehatched.

Sourgrapes.

Itmeans“酸葡萄”inChinese.ThissayingcomesfromthefableTheFoxandtheGrapes.Initthefoxcannotreachthegrapes.Disappointed,theanimalsaysthatthegrapesaresourandthattheyare“notfitforagentleman’seating.”

Killingthegoosethatlaysthegoldeneggs.

Itmeans“杀鸡取卵”inChinese.ThissayingcomesfromthefableTheGoosewiththeGoldenEggs.Inittheownerofthegooseisnotsatisfiedwithonegoldeneggaday.Hecutsthegooseopentoseeifthereisgoldinside.

Onegoodturndeservesanother.

Itmeans“善有善报”inChinese.ThissayingcomesfromthefableTheDoveandtheAnt.Initadovesavesanantfromdrowninginariver.Latertheantsavesthedove’slifebystingingahunterinthefoot,makinghimmisshisaimatthedove.

Don’tcountyourchickensbeforethey’rehatched.

Itmeans“蛋未孵别先数小鸡”inChinese.ThissayingcomesfromthefableTheMaidandthePailofMilk.Initagirlcarriesapailofmilkonherhead.Shedreamsabouttheeggsshewillbuywhenshesellsthemilk.Theeggswillhatch;thenshewillsellthechickens.Withthemoneyshehasearned,shewillbuyfineclothesforherself.Thinkingaboutthenewclothes,thegirlbecomessohappythatshemerrilytossesherheadandspillsthemilk.

BeforeReading>>AdamSmithandTheWealthofNations

I.AdamSmith

i.ABriefIntroductiontoAdamSmith

AdamSmith（1723~1790）:

Britishphilosopherandeconomist

AdamSmith,economistandphilosopher（哲学家）,wasborninKirkcaldy,Scotlandin1723.AtGlasgowUniversityhebecameaprofessoroflogic（逻辑学）（1751）andmoral（道德）philosophy（1752~1763）.AsatutortotheDukeofBuccleuchhetraveledtheContinentfrom1764to1766.In1776hemovedtoEdinburghascommissioner（专员）ofcustomsforScotland.Hediedtherein1790.Heisconsideredthefatherofmoderneconomictheory.HisfamousworkTheWealthofNationspointsoutthatlaboristheonlysourceofanation’swealth.

ii.ChronologyofAdamSmith

—1723

BorninKirkcaldy,Scotland.

—1737~1746

EducatedattheUniversitiesofGlasgowandOxford.

—1748~1751

Gavelecturesonrhetoric（修辞学）andbelles-lettres（纯文学）inEdinburgh.

—1752~1764

AppointedprofessorofmoralphilosophyattheUniversityofGlasgow.

—1759

Hisfirstbook,TheTheoryofMoralSentiments,waspublished.

—1764~1766

TraveledFranceandSwitzerlandastutortotheDukeofBuccleuchandmetTurgotandNeckerinParisanddiscussedtheireconomicideas.

—1766~1776

LivedinKirkcaldypreparingTheWealthofNations.

—1778

Appointedcommissioner（专员）ofcustomsandwenttoliveinEdinburgh.

—July17,1790

Died.

II.TheWealthofNations

ThisisanimportantworkofeconomicandsocialtheorybyAdamSmith,publishedin1776.ItsfulltitlewasAnInquiryintotheNatureandCausesoftheWealthofNations.Initheanalyzedtherelationshipbetweenworkandtheproductionofanation’swealth.Hisconclusionwasthatthebesteconomicsituationresultsfromencouragingfreeenterprise（aneconomicsysteminwhichthereisopencompetitioninbusinessandtrade,andnogovernmentcontrol）.ThisideahashadagreatinfluenceoneconomictheoriessinceanditformedthebasisoftheeconomicpoliciesoftheConservativegovernmentinBritaininthe1980s.

BeforeReading>>U.C.L.A.

U.C.L.A.standsforUniversityofCaliforniaatLosAngeles.ItisthelargestofeightbranchesoftheUniversityofCalifornia.Itwasestablishedin1919andnowhasabout35,000students.MaybebecauseofitslocationclosetoHollywood,theschoolisknownespeciallyforitsfilmstudiesandthecampusisusedforsometelevisionandmovieshoots.

GlobalReading>>PartDivisionoftheText

Parts

Para（s）

MainIdeas

1

1~10

Teenagers’idlenessandignorancewillproduceseriouseffectsonallconcernedandforsocietyasawhole.

2

11~24

Kevin1990comestorealizeinhisdreamhowmuchlackofeducationcostshisforebears,andmaycosthimself,hischildrenandthesocietytheylivein,andhowimportantitistostudyhard.

GlobalReading>>FurtherUnderstanding

I.ForPart1

i.Interview

Supposeyouareajournalistandyourpartneristheauthorofthetext.Youhaveaninterviewwithhim.Theinterviewshouldcoverthefollowingpoints:

1.thehappeninginthedrugstore—thereasonwhytheauthorwentthere;adialoguebetweenthesalesgirlandhim

2.theauthor’sfeelingtothehappening—theproblemsAmericanteenagersarefacingsuchasignorance,poorabilityofcalculationsandotherthings

3.somethingaboutthesonoftheauthor’sfriend

4.theauthor’spurposeofofferingafable

ii.QuestionsandAnswers

1.Whydidtheauthorgotothedrugstoreoneday?

（Hewantedtobuysomefilefolders.）

2.Howoldwasthesalesgirl?

（Under20yearsold.）

3.Whatwasthesalesgirl’sreactiontotheauthor’smentalarithmetic（心算）?

（Shewasverysurprisedatit.）

4.Didthesalesgirlbelievethattheauthordidcalculationsbymagic?

Whyorwhynot?

（Yes.Maybeshebelieveditbecauseshecouldneverdothat.）

5.Whatwastheauthor?

（Hewasateacheratacollege.）

6.WhatdidtheauthorthinkofAmericanteenagers?

（Hethoughttheyareignorantandlackinginknowledgeofworldhistoryandgeography.）

7.Intheauthor’sopinion,whatwasthemostseriousproblemforAmericanteenagers?

（Theywereindifferenttotheirignorance.）

8.Whydidtheauthorgiveustheexampleofhisfriend’sson?

（Hejustintendedtoshowtheseriousnessoftheproblem.）

9.Accordingtotheauthor,whatwouldhappeniftherewasanidle,ignorantlaborforceinamodernindustrialstate?

（Therewouldbemanyproblemsinsocietysuchasplanecrashes,computerjamsandbreakdownsofcars.）

10.Whatwastheauthor’spurposeofofferingafable?

（HejustwantedtomakeAmericanteenagersunderstandthedangeroftheirignoranceandintellectuallaziness.）

II.ForPart2RearrangetheOrderofthePictures

EachofthefollowingpicturesstandsforaKevinHanleyinacertainyear.MatchthepicturewiththedescriptionandthentelltheclasshowthisKevinlives.（图略）

–Kevin1835,apoorpeasantinIreland

–Kevin1928,asteel-millworkerinPittsburgh,U.S.A.

–Kevin1945,asoldierfightingtheJapanesearmy

–Kevin1966,astudentwhostudiesallthetimesoastogetintocollegeandlawschool

–Kevin1990,acleanerinaJapanese-ownedfactory

–Kevin2020,aporterinahotelforwealthyEuropeansandAsians

–Kevin2050,livinginaslumandsearchingthroughtrashpilesforfood

DetailedReading

I.DifficultSentences

1.“Youdidthatinyourhead?

”sheaskedinamazement.（Para.3）

1）Whatdoestheword“that”referto?

（Itrefersto“theauthor’sdoingmentalarithmetic.”）

2）Whatcanweinferfromthissentence?

（Thechildrenlikethegirlinthetextareverypooratcalculationsandtheycanneverdomentalarithmeticlikethemandoes.）

2.Nomodestlyeducatedadultcanfailtobeupset