高考英语考前阅读训练5.docx
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高考英语考前阅读训练5
2021年高考英语考前阅读训练(附详细解答)
文化教育类(五)
(全国卷Ⅰ·C)
话题:
语言的消失 词数:
304W 难度:
★★★★
Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(联系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.
Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.
Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位数)ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.
Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150),LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):
noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,主要讲述了随着人类社会的发展,很多语言逐渐消失。
28.Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?
A.Theydevelopedveryfast.
B.Theywerelargeinnumber.
C.Theyhadsimilarpatterns.
D.Theywerecloselyconnected.
【解析】选B。
推理判断题。
根据第一段中的Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers...theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.可知,在狩猎时代虽然人口很少,但语言种类很多。
29.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dominant”underlinedinparagraph2?
A.Complex. B.Advanced.
C.Powerful.D.Modern.
【解析】选C。
词义猜测题。
根据第二段最后一句中的increasinglytakingover,意为“越来越占据统治地位”,可知dominant意为“占优势的;占支配地位的”,与C项同义。
30.Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?
A.About6,800.B.About3,400.
C.About2,400.D.About1,200.
【解析】选B。
细节理解题。
根据第三段最后一句Themediannumberofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.以及第四段第一句中的thetotalof6,800languages可知答案为B。
31.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?
A.Newlanguageswillbecreated.
B.People’slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.
C.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.
D.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.
【解析】选C。
主旨大意题。
通读全文可知,文章主要讲述随着人类社会的发展,语言的种类越来越少,故C项为正确答案。
【难句剖析】...andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.
分析:
ofwhich引导一个非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词3,200。
句中的well为副词,意为“相当;远远地”。
翻译:
……亚洲和环太平洋地区大概有3200种语言,其中仅巴布亚新几内亚一个国家的语言就远超800种。
(全国卷Ⅲ·D)
话题:
简单的物品也能激发快乐 词数:
307
难度:
★★★
Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.Whydoweoftenassumethatmoreismorewhenitcomestokidsandtheirbelongings?
ThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemorewithless.
Ifoundthepre-holidaysagoodtimetoencourageyoungchildrentodonateless-usedthings,anditworked.Becauseofourefforts,ourdaughterGeorgiadiddecidetodonatealargebagoftoystoalittlegirlwhosemotherwasunabletopayforherholidayduetoillness.Shechosetosellafewlargerobjectsthatwerelessoftenusedwhenwepromisedtoputthemoneyintoherschoolfund(基金)(ourkindergartendaughterisseriousaboutbecomingadoctor).
Forweeks,I’vebeenthinkingofbigger,deeperquestions.Howdowemakeitahabitforthem?
Andhowdowetrainourselvestohelpthemlivewith,need,anduseless?
Yesterday,Isatwithmyson,Shepherd,determinedtotestmyowntheoryonthis.Idecidedtoplaywithhimwithonlyonetoyforaslongasitwouldkeephisinterest.Iexpectedthatonetoywouldkeephisattentionforaboutfiveminutes,tenminutes,max.Ichosearedrubberball—simple,universallyavailable.Wepassedit,hetriedtoputitinhismouth,hetriedbouncingit,rollingit,sittingonit,throwingit.Itwastotally,completelyenoughforhim.BeforeIknewitanhourhadpassedanditwastimetomoveontolunch.
Webothbecameabsorbedinthesimplicityofplayingtogether.HehadmyfullattentionandIhadhis.Mylittleexperimenttofindjoyinasingleobjectworkedforbothofus.
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。
本文主要通过引导孩子主动捐献玩具,并从玩耍简单玩具中获得快乐的做法阐述了一个生活哲理:
简单的物品也能激发快乐。
32.Whatdothewords“moreismore”inParagraph1probablymean?
A.Themore,thebetter.
B.Enoughisenough.
C.Moremoney,moreworries.
D.Earnmoreandspendmore.
【解析】选A。
词义猜测题。
根据第一段第一句Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.可知,作者认为成年人都理解到处都是物品的那种感觉,后面又用反问句提出了问题:
但是,说到孩子们和他们的物品,我们为什么通常又认定moreismore呢?
由此推知,这里的moreismore与前面的floodedwith的意思呼应,指“越多越好”。
故选A。
【易错误区】
本句容易误选为其他选项,原因在于学生不能正确理解文章开头两句话的真正含义,B项表示“够了就行了”;C项:
Moremoney,moreworries.钱多烦恼多;D项:
Earnmoreandspendmore.挣得多花得多;这几个选项均不符合语境。
33.WhatmadeGeorgiaagreetosellsomeofherobjects?
A.Savingupforherholiday.
B.Raisingmoneyforapoorgirl.
C.Addingthemoneytoherfund.
D.Givingthemoneytoasickmother.
【解析】选C。
细节理解题。
根据第二段的最后一句Shechosetosellafewlargerobjectsthatwerelessoftenusedwhenwepromisedtoputthemoneyintoherschoolfund可知,女儿愿意卖几件玩具,是因为我们承诺把钱放入她的上学基金,可以推知女儿卖几件玩具的原因是想增加她的上学基金,故选C。
34WhydidtheauthorplaytheballwithShepherd?
A.Totryoutanidea.
B.Toshowaparent’slove.
C.Totrainhisattention.
D.Tohelphimstartahobby.
【解析】选A。
细节理解题。
根据第三段中Howdowemakeitahabitforthem?
Andhowdowetrainourselvestohelpthemlivewith,need,anduseless?
可知,作者一直在试图想找到一个办法,让孩子们养成“物品少也能生活得很愉快”的习惯,为了找到这个办法,作者去和儿子Shepherd玩球,故答案选A。
35.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?
A.TakeitorLeaveit
B.ALessonfromKids
C.LiveMorewithLess
D.ThePleasureofGiving
【解析】选C。
主旨大意题。
根据第一段最后一句ThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemorewithless.以及下文中的例子,证明了生活其实并不需要过多的外在物质,简单的生活一样可以过得很充实很精彩。
因此C项符合题意。
【易错误区】本题容易误选D。
由于文章在第二段中提到了作者鼓励孩子们捐赠物品,可能会使学生误以为本篇文章目的在于讨论给予的乐趣,而忽略文章中提到的ThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemorewithless.暗含的关键信息。
【难句剖析】Whydoweoftenassumethatmoreismorewhenitcomestokidsandtheirbelongings?
分析:
这是一个主从复合句,主句是由Why引导的特殊疑问句,其中包含一个that引导的宾语从句,whenitcomestokidsandtheirbelongings是时间状语从句,whenitcomesto意为“一谈到,就……而论”。
翻译:
说到孩子们和他们的物品,为什么我们就常常认为越多越好呢?
(2018·北京卷·A)
话题:
体育运动 词数:
330W 难度:
★★
MyFirstMarathon(马拉松)
Amonthbeforemyfirstmarathon,oneofmyankleswasinjuredandthismeantnotrunningfortwoweeks,leavingmeonlytwoweekstotrain.Yet,Iwasdeterminedtogoahead.
Irememberbacktomy7thyearinschool.InmyfirstP.E.class,theteacherrequiredustorunlapsandthenhitasoftball.Ididn’tdoeitherwell.HelaterinformedmethatIwas“notathletic”.
TheideathatIwas“notathletic”stuckwithmeforyears.WhenIstartedrunninginmy30s,Irealizedrunningwasabattleagainstmyself,notaboutcompetitionorwhetherornotIwasathletic.Itwasallaboutthebattleagainstmyownbodyandmind.Atestofwills!
Thenightbeforemymarathon,IdreamtthatIcouldn’tevenfindthefinishline.Iwokeupsweatingandnervous,butreadytoprovesomethingtomyself.
Shortlyaftercrossingthestartline,myshoelaces(鞋带)becameuntied.SoIstoppedtoreadjust.NotthestartIwanted!
Atmile3,Ipassedasign:
“GOFORIT,RUNNERS!
”
Bymile17,Ibecameoutofbreathandtheonceinjuredanklehurtbadly.Despitethepain,Istayedthecoursewalkingabitandthenrunningagain.
Bymile21,Iwasstarving!
AsIapproachedmile23,Icouldseemywifewavingasign.Sheismybiggestfan.Shenevermindedthealarmclocksoundingat4a.m.orquestionedmyexpensesonrunning.
Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished!
AndIgotamedal.Infact,Igotthesamemedalastheonethattheguywhocameinfirstplacehad.
Determinedtobemyself,moveforward,freeofshameandworldlylabels(世俗标签),Icannowcallmyselfa“marathonwinner”.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。
尽管作者从7年级时就被老师认为是“非运动型”的,但他在脚踝受伤的情况下,依然凭借着自己坚强的毅力成功地完成了第一次马拉松比赛。
作者通过他的经历告诉我们:
只要有决心、一往直前、摆脱世俗的标签,就一定能够获胜。
36.Amonthbeforethemarathon,theauthor .
A.waswelltrained B.feltscared
C.madeuphismindtorunD.losthope
【解析】选C。
细节理解题。
根据第一段的最后一句可知,尽管作者比赛前受伤,但他依然决定要跑马拉松。
37.WhydidtheauthormentiontheP.E.classinhis7thyear?
A.Toacknowledgethesupportofhisteacher.
B.Toamusethereaderswithafunnystory.
C.Toshowhewasnottalentedinsports.
D.Toshareapreciousmemory.
【解析】选C。
推理判断题。
结合最后一段可推知,作者在七年级的时候,老师就给作者贴上了“不善于运动”的标签。
因此,作者提到那时的经历来表明他在运动方面没有天赋,为下文作者摆脱世俗的标签、挑战自我埋下伏笔。
38.Howwastheauthor’sfirstmarathon?
A.Hemadeit.B.Hequithalfway.
C.Hegotthefirstprize.D.Hewalkedtotheend.
【解析】选A。
细节理解题。
根据倒数第二段可知,作者历经艰难,最后成功地完成了马拉松比赛。
39.Whatdoesthestorymainlytellus?
A.Amanoweshissuccesstohisfamilysupport.
B.Awinnerisonewithagreateffortofwill.
C.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.
D.Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.
【解析】选B。
主旨大意题。
作者通过第一次参加马拉松比赛的经历告诉我们:
挑战自我、拥有坚强的意志力是赢得胜利的关键。
【难句剖析】WhenIstartedrunninginmy30s,Irealizedrunningwasabattleagainstmyself,notaboutcompet