高中英语常用词汇辨析.docx
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高中英语常用词汇辨析
高中英语常用词汇辨析
高中英语常用词汇辨析
1.clothes, cloth,clothing
Clothes统指各种衣服,谓语动词永远是复数:
cloth指布,为不可数动词:
clothing为服装的总称,指一件衣服用a pieceofclothing, anarticleof clothing
2.incident,accident
Incident指小事件:
accident指不幸的事故
3.amount,number
Amount后接不可数名词:
number后接可数名次:
如:
a numberof students
4.family,house,home
Hone家,包括住处和家人:
house房子,住宅:
family家庭成员,如:
My family isa happyone.
5.sound, voice,noise
sound自然界各种各样的声音:
voice人的嗓音:
noise噪音,如:
I hatetheloud noiseoutside.
6. photo, picture, drawing
Photo用照相机拍摄的照片:
picture可指相片,图片,电影片:
drawing指画的画
7. vocabulary,word
Vocabulary词汇,一个人拥有的单词量:
word具体的单词
8. population,people
Population人口,人数:
people具体的人
9.weather,climate
Weather一天内具体的天气状况:
climate长期的气候状况
10. road,street,path,way
road具体的公路,马路:
street街道:
path小路,小径:
way道路,途径
11.course,subject
Course课程(可包括多门科目):
subject科目(具体的学科),如:
a summercourse
12.course,habit
custom传统风俗,习俗,也可指生活习惯,后接to do:
habit生活习惯,习惯成自然,后接ofdoing
13.cause, reason
cause制造成某一事实或现象的直接原因,后接ofsth./doingsth.:
reason用来解释某种现象或结果的理由,后接for sth./doingsth. 如:
thereasonforbeinglate
14.exercise, exercises,practice
Exercise运动,锻炼(不可数):
exercises练习(可数):
practice(反复做的)练习,如:
Practicemakesperfect.
15.class, lesson
作“课”解时,两者可以替换。
指课文用lesson,指班级或全体学生用class,如:
lesson 6;class 5
16. speech,talk, lecture
Speech指在公共场所所作的经过准备的较正式的演说:
talk日常生活中的一般的谈话,讲话:
lecture学术性的演讲,讲课,如:
aseriesoflectureon…
17.officer, official
Officer部队的军官:
official政府官员,如:
an armyofficer
18. work, job
二者均指工作。
Work不可数;job可数,如:
agoodjob
19.couple,pair
Couple主要指人或动物:
pair多指由两部分组成的东西,如:
a pairoftrousers
20.country,nation,state,land
Country侧重指版图,疆域:
nation指人民,国民,民族:
state侧重指政府,政体;land国土,国家
21. cook, cooker
cook厨师:
cooker厨具,如:
He isa goodcook.
22. damage,damages
Damage不可数名词,损害,损失;damages复数形式,赔偿金
23.policepoliceman
police警察的总称,后接复数谓语动词:
policeman指某个具体的警察
24.problem, question
Problem常和困难练系,前面的动词常为thinkabout,solve,raise:
question常和疑问连系,多和ask,answer连用
25.man,aman
Man人类:
aman一个男人
26.chick,chicken
二者均可指小鸡,chicken还可以当鸡肉。
27.telegram,telegraph
当电报解时,telegram指具体的,telegraph指抽象的,如:
atelegram,by telegraph
28.trip,journey,travel,voyage
Travel是最常用的;trip指短期的旅途;journey指稍长的旅途;voyage指海上航行;如:
athree-day trip
29.sport,game
Sport多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动,如打球,游泳,打猎,赛马等;game指决定胜负的游戏,通常由一套规则
30.price,prize
Price价格;prize奖,奖品,奖金
31.anumberof,the number of
Anumberof许多,谓语动词用复数;thenumber of指“……的数目”,谓语动词用单数。
32.infront of,inthefrontof
Infront of范围外的前面;inthefrontof范围内的前面,如:
Inthefrontoftheroomsits a boy.
33. of theday,ofaday
Of the day每一天的,当时的,当代的;ofaday暂时的,不长久的
34.threeofus,the threeofus
Threeof us我们(不止三个)中的三个;thethree ofus我们三个(就三个人)
35.bybus, on the bus
By bus表手段,方式,不用冠词;onthebus表范围
36.foramoment,forthemoment
Foramoment片刻,一会儿;forthe moment暂时,一时
37.nextyear,thenext year
Next year将来时间状语;thenextyear过去将来时间状语
38.morethanayear,morethanone year
Morethanayear一年多;morethanone year超过一年(两年或三年等)
39. takeadvice,takethe (one’s)advice
Takeadvice征求意见;taketheadvice接受忠告
40.take air, takethe air
Takeair传播,走漏;taketheair到户外去,散步
41.inaword, inwords
Ina word总之,一句话;inwords口头上,如:
Ina word,you areright
42.inplaceof,intheplaceof
Inplace of代替;in the placeof在……地方
43.in secret,inthesecret
In secret秘密地,暗自地,偷偷地,一般作状语;inthesecret知道内情,知道秘密,一般用作表语
44.agirl, onegirl
Agirl可泛指所有女孩;onegirl一个女孩
45.takea chair, takethechair
Takeachair相当于sitdown坐下;takethe chair开始开会
46.goto sea,bysea, by thesea
Gotosea当海员,出航;by sea乘船,由海路;bythesea在海边;如:
gobysea
47. thedoctorandteacher,thedoctorand theteacher
the doctor andteacher指一个人,既是医生又是老师;the doctorandtheteacher两个人,一个医生和一个老师
48.inoffice, in theoffice
Inoffice在职的;in theoffice在办公室里,如:
Heis inoffice, notoutofoffice
49.inbed,onthe bed
Inbed卧在床上;onthe bed在床上
50. inchargeof,inthecharge of
Inchargeof管理,负责照料;inthechargeof由……照料
51. inclass,in the class
Inclass在上课;intheclass在班级里
52. onfire,on thefire
Onfire着火;on thefire在火上
53.out ofquestion, outofthequestion
Out ofquestion毫无疑问的;outofthequestion不可能的
54.asecond,thesecond
A second又一,再一;thesecond第二
55.byday,bytheday
Byday白天;bythe day按天计算
56.thepeople, apeople
The people指人;apeople指民族
57.it,one
It同一物体;one同类不同一
58.that,this
That指代上文所提到的;this导出下文所要说的
59.none,nothing,noone
None强调有多少;nothing,noone强调有没有,nothing指物,noone指人;如:
A:
howmany…/howmuch…?
B :
none
60.anyone,any one
Anyone指人,不能接of ;anyone指人物均可,可接of,如:
any one ofyou
61.who,which
Who指姓名或关系;what指职业或地位,如:
Whatisyourdad?
Heisateacher.
62.what,which
what的选择基础是无限的;which在一定范围进行选择
63.other,another
Other后接名词复数;another后接名词单数;如:
otherstudent,anotherstudent
64. nota little,nota bit
Nota little非常notabit一点也不
65.many,much,alotof
Many和可数名词连用;much和不可数名词连用;alotof可数、不可数均可,但不用于否定句
66.muchmore…than,many more…than
Muchmore…than后接形容词或不可数名词;manymore…than后接可数名词;如:
manymorepeople,muchmore water, muchmorebeautiful
67.no,not
No=nota/any; 如:
nofriend=nota/any friend;nowater =not anywater
68.nomorethan,notmorethan
Nomorethan相当于only,仅仅,只有;notmorethan至多,不超过
69.majority,most
Majority只能修饰可数名词;most可数不可数均可;如:
themajorityof people
70.by oneself,foroneself,tooneself,ofoneself
Byoneself单独的,独自的;foroneself为自己;tooneself供自己用的
71.at all,after all
Atall根本,全然;after all到底,毕竟
72.tall, high
Tall常指人或动物;high常指物体
73.fast, quickly
Fast侧重于指人或物体具有运动速度快的特点;quickly侧重于指某事完成或发生得快;如:
runfast,answerthequestionquickly
74. high, highly
High具体的高;highly抽象的高,高度的;如:
thinkhighlyof
75. healthy,healthful
healthy健康的,健壮的;healthful有益于健康的,如:
healthfulexercise
76.sleeping, asleep,sleepy
Sleeping正在睡觉;asleep睡着,熟睡,只能做表语;sleepy困的,有睡意的;如:
asleepingbaby,thebaby is asleep,I’msleepy
77. gold,golden
Gold指真金制品,如:
agoldring:
golden只金色的,但金鱼用goldfish
78.most,mostly
Most用于表感受的肯定句中,相当于very,当“大部分,大多数”解时是形容词或名词;mostly大部分,是副词;如:
most people, thepeople aremostly…
79. just,very
just表强调时是副词,作状语;very表强调时是形容词,用作定语;如:
theveryman,justtheman
80.wide, broad
Wide侧重于一边到另一边的距离;broad侧重于幅面的宽广;如:
broadshoulders
81.real,true
real真的,真实的,指的是事实上存在而不是想象的;true真的,真正的,指的是事实和实际情况相符合;如:
real gold,atruestory
82. respectful,respectable
respectful尊敬,有礼貌;respectable可敬的,值得尊敬的;如:
be respectful tothe aged
83.outwards, outward
二者均可用作副词,表示向外,外面,outward还可用作形容词,如:
anoutward voyage
84.pleasant, pleased, pleasing
pleasant常用作定语;pleased,pleasing常用作表语,pleased主语常为人,pleasing主语常为物;如:
an pleasanttrip,Thetrip ispleasing
85.understanding,understandable
understanding明白事理的,能体谅的:
understandable可理解的,能够懂的;如:
anunderstanding girl,anunderstandablemistake
86. close,closely
close接近,靠近;closely紧紧地,紧密的;如:
closelyconnected,standclose
87.ill,sick
Ill作表语;sick定语、表语均可,如:
asickboy
88.good,well
Good形容词;well副词,但指身体状况是形容词,如:
He iswellagain
89.quiet,silent, still
quiet安静的,可以发出小的声音;silent不发出声,但可以动;still完全不动,完全无声响
90. hard,hardly
Hard努力;hardly几乎不
91.able, capable
Able与不定式todo连用;capable与of连用
92. almost,nearly
而致君为“几乎,差不多”,和否定词连用时用almost,如:
almostnobody
93. late,lately
late迟,晚;lately最近,近来,如:
Ihaven’tseen himlately
94.living,alive,live, lively
living, alive,live均为活着的;living定表均可;alive定表均可,定语后置;live只能做定语;lively意为活泼的;如:
allthelivingpeople=allthepeoplealive
95.excited,exciting
Excited使人兴奋的;exciting令人兴奋的;如:
I’mexcited.Thenewsis exciting.
96.deep,deeply
Deep具体的深;deeply抽象的深,深深地;如:
deeply moved,digdeep
97.aloud,loud
Aloud出声地;loud大声地;如:
readloud
98.worth, worthy
二者均为值得,worth后接doing;worthy后接tobedone,ofbedone;如:
Itisworthvisiting=It’sworthytobe visited=It’sworthyofbeingvisited
99.bad,badly
Bad形容词,如:
go bad;badly副词,不好,但与need,want,require连用为“很,非常”,如:
Ineedthe bookbadly.
100.before long, long before
Before long不久以后;longbefore很久以前;如:
notlongbefore=before long