历年专四阅读题目真题汇总1996.docx

历年专四阅读题目真题汇总1996.docx

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历年专四阅读题目真题汇总1996

历年专四阅读题汇总

1996年[25MIN]

TEXTA

InthepastthirtyyearsmanysocialchangesbaretakenplaceinBritain.Thegreatestofthesehaveprobablybeenintheeconomiclivesofwomen.

Thechangeshavebeensignificant,butbecausetraditionandprejudicecanstillhandicapwomenintheirworkingcareersandpersonallives,majorlegislationtohelppromoteequalityofopportunityandpaywaspassedduringthe1970s.

Attheheartofwomen'schangedroleinsocietyhasbeentheriseinthenumberofwomenatwork,particularlymarriedwomen.Astechnologyandsocietypermithighlyeffectiveandgenerallyacceptablemethodsoffamilyplanningtherehasbeenadeclineinfamilysize.Womenasaresultareinvolvedinchild-rearingforamuchshortertimeandrelatedtothis,therehasbeenarapidincreaseinthenumberofwomenwithyoungchildrenwhoreturntoworkwhenthechildrenareoldenoughnottoneedconstantcareandattention.

Since1951theproportionofmarriedwomenwhoworkhasgrownfromjustoverafifthtoahaft.ComparedwiththeircounterpartselsewhereontheContinent,Britishwomencomprisearelativelyhighproportionoftheworkforce,abouttwo-fifths,butonaveragetheyworkfewerhours,about31aweekThereisstillasignificantdifferencebetweenwomen'saverageearningsandmen's,buttheequalpaylegislationwhichcameintoforceattheendof1975appearstohavehelpedtonarrowthegapbetweenwomen'sandmen'sbasicrates.

Asmoreandmorewomenjoinedtheworkforceinthe1960sandearly1970stherewasanincreaseinthecollectiveincomesofwomenasawholeandamajorchangeintheeconomicroleoflargenumbersofhousewives.Familieshavecometorelyonmarriedwomen'searningsasanessentialpartoftheirincomeratherthanas"pocketmoney".Atthesametimesocialroleswithinthefamilyaremorelikelytobeshared,exchangedoraltered.

66.Thegeneralideaofthepassageisabout__

[A]socialtrendsincontemporaryBritain

[B]changesinwomen'seconomicstares

[C]equalopportunityandpayinBritain

[D]women'sroleswithinthefamily

67.Accordingtotheauthor,anincreasingnumberofmarriedwomenareabletoworkbecause__

[A]theirchildrennolongerrequiretheircare

[B]therearemorejobsavailablenowadays

[C]technologyhasenabledthemtofindacceptablejobs

[D]theyspendfarlesstimeonchildcarethanbefore.

TEXTB

NATURE'SGIGANTICSNOWPLOUGH

OnJanuary10,1962,anenormouspieceofglacierbrokeawayandtumbleddownthesideofamountaininPeru.Ameresevenminuteslater,whencascadingicefinallycametoastoptenmilesdownthemountain,ithadtakenthelivesof4,000people.

Thisdisasterisoneofthemostdevastatingexamplesofaverycommonevent:

anavalancheofsnoworice.Becauseitisextremelycoldatveryhighaltitudes,snowrarelymelts.Itjustkeepspilinguphigherandhigher.Glaciersareeventuallycreatedwhentheweightofthesnowissogreatthatthelowerlayersarepressedintosolidice.Butmostavalanchesoccurlongbeforethishappens.Assnowaccumulatesonasteepslope,itreachesacriticalpointatwhichtheslightestvibrationwillsenditslidingintothevalleybelow.

Evenanavalancheoflightpowercanbedangerous,butthePeruviancatastrophewasparticularlyterriblebecauseitwascausedbyaheavylayerofice.Itisestimatedthattheicethatbrokeoffweighedthreemilliontons.Asitcrasheddownthesteepmountainsidelikeagiganticsnowplough,itsweptuptrees,bouldersandtonsoftopsoil,andcompletelycrushedanddestroyedthesixvillagesthatlayinitspath.

Atpresentthereisnowaytopredictoravoidsuchenormousavalanches,but,lucidly,theyareveryrare.Scientistsareconstantlystudyingthesmaller,morecommonavalanches,totrytounderstandwhatcausesthem.Inthefuture,perhapsdangerousmassesofsnowandicecanbefoundandremovedbeforetheytakehumanlives.

68.Thefirstparagraphcatchesthereader'sattentionwitha__

[A]first-handreport[B]dramaticdescription

[C]talltale[D]vividwordpicture

69.Inthispassagedevastatingmeans

[A]violentlyruinous[B]spectacularyinteresting

[C]stunning[D]unpleasant

70.Thepassageismostlyabout__

[A]avalanches[B]glaciers[C]Peru[D]mountains

TEXTC

IwasborninTuckahoe,TalbotCounty,Maryland.Ihavenoaccurateknowledgeofmyage,neverhavingseenanyauthenticrecordcontainingit.Byfarthelargerpartoftheslavesknowaslittleoftheirageashorsesknowoftheir,anditisthewishofmostmasterswithinmyknowledgetokeeptheirslavesthusignorant.Idonotrememberhavingevermetaslavewhocouldtellofhisbirthday.Theyseldomcomenearertoitthanplanting-time,harvesting,springtime,orfalltime.Alackofinformationconcerningmyownwasasourceofunhappinesstomeevenduringchildhood.Thewhitechildrencouldtelltheirages,IcouldnottellwhyIoughttobedeprivedofthesameprivilege.Iwasnotallowedtomakeanyinquiresofmymasterconcerningit.Heconsideredallsuchinquiriesonthepartofaslaveimproperandimpertinent.ThenearestestimateIcangivemakesmenowbetweentwenty-sevenandtwenty-eightyearsofage.Icometothis,fromheatingmymastersay,sometimeduring1835,Iwasaboutseventeenyearsold.

MymotherwasnamedHarrietBailey.ShewasthedaughterofIssacandBetseyBailey,bothcolored,andquitedark.Mymotherwasofadarkercomplexionthaneithermygrandmotherorgrandfather.

Myfatherwasawhiteman.HewasadmittedtobesuchbyallIeverheardspeakofmyparentage.Theopinionwasalsowhisperedthatmymaserwasmyfather,butofthecorrectnessofthisopinion,Iknownothing;themeansofknowingwaswithheldfromme.MymotherandIwereseparatedwhenIwasaninfantbeforeIknewherasmymother.Itisacommoncustom,inthepartofMarylandfromwhichIranaway,topartchildrenfromtheirmothersataveryearlyage.Frequently,beforethechildhasreacheditstwelfthmonth,itsmotheristakenfromit,andhiredoutonsomefaintaconsiderabledistanceoff,andthechildisplacedunderthecareofanolderwoman,toooldforfieldlabor.Forwhatthisseparationisdone,Idonotknow,unlessitbetohinderthedevelopmentofthechild'saffectiontowardsitsmother.

71.Theauthordidnotknowexactlywhenhewasbornbecause__

[A]hedidnotknowwhohismotherwas

[B]therewasnowrittenevidenceofit

[C]hismasterdidnottellhisfather

[D]nobodyonhisfarmknewanythingaboutit

72.Inthemid-nineteenthcentury,slavesoften

[A]markedtheirbirthdaysbytheseason

[B]didnotreallycarehowoldtheywere

[C]forgottheexacttimewhentheywereborn

[D]pretendednottoknoweachother'sbirthdays

73.Theauthor'smothertoldhim

[A]hisfatherwasblack[B]hisfatherwaswhite

[C]nothingabouthisfather[D]hismasterwashisfather

74.Accordingtothepassage,whentheauthorwasveryyounghismother

[A]runaway[B]waslightskinned

[C]hadseveralchildren[D]wassenttoworkelsewhere

75.Theauthorbadnotspentmuchtimewithhis

[A]mother[B]master[C]grandfather[D]grandmother

76.Theauthorwasmostprobablyraised

[A]byhisgrandparents[B]byanoldwomanslave

[C]withhismaster'ssupport[D]togetherwithotherchildren

TEXTD

PLEASERECYCLETHATBOBSLEDRUN（大雪橇滑道）

Forthe1992WinterGames,Frenchorganizersconstructedanewmotorway,parkinglotsandrunsforskiingintheAlps.Environmentalistsscreamed"Disaster!

".Thuswarned,theNorwegianshaveadopted"green"adviceandavoidedgreatblotsonthelandscape.Thespeed-skatingwasbuilttolooklikeanoverturnedship,andplacedsoasnottodisturbabirdsanctuary.Dugintoamountainside,thehockeyarenaiswellconcealedandenergyefficient.Thebobsledrunisbuiltoutofwoodnotmetalandhiddenamongtrees.NowonderthepresidentoftheInternationalOlympicCommitteehascalledthesethefirst"GreenGames".

Lillehammer'sopeningceremoniesfeaturedagiantOlympicTorchburningbiogasproducedbyrottingvegetation.Duringconstruction,builderswerethreatenedwith$7,500finesforfellingtreesunnecessarily.Ratetreeswerecarefullytransplantedfromhillsides.Foodisbeingservedonpotato-basedplatesthatwillbefed,inturn,topigs.Smokinghasbeenbannedoutdoorsaswellasin,withenforcementbypoliterequests.

Environmentalistshavedeclaredpartialvictory,thoughCoca-Cola'splantodecoratethetownwithBannershasbeenscaledback,therearestilltoomanybillboardsforstrictgreentastes.Perhaps,butaftertheGames,athletehousingwillbeconvertedintovacationhomeorshippedtothenorthlandsforstudentdormitories.Bulletswillbepluckedfrombiathlontargetsandrecycledtokeeptheleadfrompoisoninggroundwater.Andthesetrickswon'tbeforgotten.Embarrassedbyenvironmentalprotests,theI.O.C.claimsthatgreenawarenessisnowentrenched-alongwithsportandculture-asapermanentdimensionoftheOlympicCharter.

Indeed,Sydneywassuccessfulinbecominghostforthe2000SummerGamesinpartonthestrengthofitsendorsementfromGreenpeace.Aspiringhostcitiesarepickingupthecode.SaltLakeCity,biddingforthe2002Games,mayopttousethebobsledrunthatCalgarybuiltforthe88Games.Afterthat,whocoulddenythatrecyclingisanOlympicmovement?

77.Whichofthefollowingcountrieshasnotpaidenoughattentiontothe"green"issues?

[A]Norway.[B]France.[C]Arnica.[D]Australia.

78.InwhichareadidtheenvironmentalistsfailinLillehammer?

[A]Energy.[B]Smoking.[B]Housing.[D]Advertising.

79.WhichofthefollowingdescribestheI.O.C.