精品10中英文双语环境污染管理治理控制预防外文文献翻译成品大气污染的防控一条综合性的设计方法.docx

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精品10中英文双语环境污染管理治理控制预防外文文献翻译成品大气污染的防控一条综合性的设计方法

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外文标题：

AirPollutionPreventionandControl-AnIntegratedDesignedApproach

外文作者：

Dr.AksheyBhargava,M.tech,Ph.D.,LLB

文献出处：

InternationalJournalofEngineeringScienceandComputing,April2018,Volume6,IssueNo.4（如觉得年份太老，可改为近2年，毕竟很多毕业生都这样做）

英文2873单词，14698字符（字符就是印刷符），中文4589汉字。

AirPollutionPreventionandControl-AnIntegratedDesignedApproach

Abstract:

ThePlanning,ManagementandControlofAirPollutionneedtobeaddressedsimultaneouslytoachievethemaximumoutput.Thepresentpapersignifytheimportanceandhighlightanintegratedapproachneedstobeinfusedintothesystemwhichinter-aliaincludeSourcecontrol,Pathwaycontrol,andReceptorcontrol.AnefforthasbeenmadeinthepresentpapertobrieflydescribePathwayandReceptorcontrolwithmainemphasisondesignoftheAirPollutionControlSystems,particularlyBagFilterstocontroldustemissionsandWetScrubberstocontrolgaseousemissionsbywayofThrowawayscrubbingprocesses,RegenerativeScrubbingProcesses,DryProcessesandSprayTowers.

KeyWords:

AirPollution,IntegratedApproach,DesignofControlSystems.

Introduction:

Theterm“AirPollution”isusedtodescribesubstancesthatareartificiallyintroducedintotheairintheformofgasesandairborneparticleswhich,inexcess,areharmfultohumanhealth,buildingsandecosystems.Airpollutionismainlycausedbycombustionoffossilfuel,processingofmaterialsanddecompositionoforganicmatters.Themainsourcesofairpollutionisfromindustrialactivities,transportsector,householdfuelburning,andothercommercialactivities.Thepresentpaperhighlightanintegratedapproachwhichinter-aliaincludeSourceControl,Pathwaycontrol,andReceptorcontrol.AnefforthasbeenmadeinthepresentpapertobrieflydescribePathwayandReceptorcontrolwithmainemphasisondesignoftheAirPollutionControlSystems,thedetailsofwhichareasunder:

PathwayControl:

Pathwaycontrolisacontrolsystemthroughwhichtheairpollutantsarerestrictedorarrestedbetweenasourceandreceptorthroughthemechanismofscavengingandfiltration.Thiscanbeachievedbyhavingagreenbeltofsuitablespeciesbetweensourceandreceptor.Suchagreenbeltwouldbeabletoabsorbtheairpollutiongasesandwouldalsoactasfilteringmediafortheparticulatematter.Sometimesincertainsituations,curtainsintheformofhighwallsorothermeansarealsoprovidedbetweensourcesandreceptortorestrictairpollutantstoreachreceptors.

ReceptorControl:

Receptorcontrolisgovernedbyanintegratedurbanandruralplanningwhichshouldinvariablyincorporateenvironmentalpolicyparametersintheformoffollowing:

-Atmosphericstabilitycondition

-Aerodynamiceffects

-Albedo-effect

-Heatislandeffect

-Ventilationcoefficients

-Optimizationbetweenconcretingandnon-concretingsurfacearea

-Optimizationbetweenverticaltohorizontalexpansionofurbanarea

Iftheaboveissuesareadequatelyandscientificallyaddressed,thelevelofairpollutionatthereceptorurbanareashallbesignificantlylow.

SourceControl:

Mainstressisusuallylaidonsourcecontroltechniqueswiththefocusontwofronts,oneon“transformationofwastegasses/materialsintousableproducts”andsecondon“endofthepipetreatment“.Thefirstapproachisgraduallycomingtoforefrontwiththeadvancementofresearchanddevelopmentalactivitiesandwhichhaseconomicvalueaddition.Thesecondapproachiscostintensiveinwhichpollutioncontrolequipmentordevicesareinstalledtorestrictairpollutionintoatmosphere.Sourcecontrolisalsoassociatedwithintroductionofcleanertechnologies,optimizationofprocesses,controlledcombustions,useofcleanerrawmaterialsorfuelsetc.

DesignofAirPollutioncontrolsystems:

A.ParticulateMattercontrol:

Therearevariousairpollutioncontrolequipmentforthecontrolofdustemissionsdependinguponparticlesize,minimumloading,desiredefficiency,typicalvelocity,maximumgaspressuredrop,andspacerequirements.Thesecontrolequipment’saredrycollectors,aswellas,wetcollectorsdependinguponthebasiccharacterisesofgasandlocalconditions.

Thedrycollectingdevicesare:

1.Settlingchambers

2.Bafflechambers

3.Lowerchambers

4.Cyclonechambers

5.Multiplecyclones

6.Impingement

7.FabricFilters

8.Electrostaticprecipitators

Thewetdevicesareusedwhereinwaterorscrubbingmediaisusuallyusedtocontrolemissions.Thesecontroldevicesare

1.Gravityspraytower

2.CentrifugalCollectors

3.Impingementchambers

4.Packedtower

5.Jetsprayscrubbingtower

6.Venturyscrubber

Bagfiltersdesign:

Introduction:

Filtrationisamongthemostreliable,efficient,andrathereconomicalmethodsbywhichparticulatemattermayberemovedfromgases.

∙Suchtypeoffiltersarerepresentedbyvariousfabricbagarrangementsandcapableofhighdustloading,morethan1gm/m3

∙In-depthorbedfilters

∙Representedbyfibrousarray,apaperlikemat,andoccasionally,asadeeppackedbed.Packedbedsareappliedwhenparticulateconcentrationismuchless

.Deeppackedbedsarepreparedfromcrushedstoneorbricks,wirescreens,orfibersofmanytypesarrangedindividuallyorincombination

Fabricbagfilters:

∙Employedtocontrolemissionsinvolvingabrasives,irritatingchemicaldusts,andexhaustsfromelectricfurnaces,oilfiredboilers,oxygenfedconvertersforsteelmaking.

Principleofoperation:

Filtrationisprincipallyaccomplishedbytheparticlelayerthataccumulatesonthefabricsurface.Pressurelossincreaseswithaccumulateddustlayer,therebygasvelocitydecreases.Thus,dustdislodgingoperationisundertakentohaveproperfiltration.Manyfabricbagfiltersassembledinoneunitiscalledbaghouse.

Classificationoffilters:

∙Fabricorclothfilters

Propertiesoffibermaterials:

Resistancetoattackby:

Fiber

Strength

Temp.F

Acid

Base

Organic

solvent

Cost&others

Cotton

Strong

180

Poor

Medium

Good

Low

Wool

Medium

210

Medium

Poor

Good

-

Paper

Weak

180

Poor

Medium

Good

Low

Nylon

Strong

220

Medium

Good

Good

Easy

toclean

Dacron

Strong

280

Good

Medium

Good

-

Orlon

Medium

250

Good

Medium

Good

-

Vinylidenechloride

Medium

210

Good

Medium

Good

-

Polyethylene

Strong

250

Medium

Medium

Medium

-

Tetrafluoro

ethylene

Medium

500

Good

Good

Good

Expensive

Polyvinyl

acetate

Strong

250

Medium

Good

Poor

-

Glass

Strong

550

Medium

Medium

Good

PoorResistancetoabrasion

Graphitizedfiber

Weak

500

Medium

Good

Good

Expensive

Asbestos

Weak

500

Medium

Medium

Good

-

Nomexnylon

Strong

450

Good

Medium

Good

PoorResistancetomoisture

DesignofBagFilter:

Collectionefficiencyandpressuredropforasinglelayerorbagfilter

∆P=（K1+K2*Cma）*Vo=（K1+K2*Cma）*Q/AfWhere,

Cma=massareaconcentrationinkg/m2andrepresentsmassofdustpresentinthedustcakeattachedtounitareaoffilter,alsoproportionaltothicknessofdustcake

K1,K2=constantsinN-sec/m3orkg/m2/sTypicalvaluesofK1andK2

12000

10000

Thethicknessofdustcakeincreaseswithtime,itsgrowthcanbepredictedifflowrateanddustconcentrationareknown.Theequationis:

Cma=Q*Cmv*t/Af=Vo*Cmv*tWhere,

Cmv=massvolumeconcentration

t=timesincefilterwaslastcleaned

BagfiltersandBaghouses:

∙Bagfiltermostcommonlyusedisintheshapeofalongcylinderwherefilterisclampedaroundasleeveatthebottomandaroundacapatthetop.

∙Theairentersatthebottom,flowsthroughfilteralongitssides,leavingthedusttoformacakeontheinsideofthefilter,andflowsoutsidethefiltertotheexitduct.

∙Generally,bagsdiameterrangesfrom12.5to30cmwithlengthsfrom2to6meters.Lengthtodiameterratioshouldnotusuallyexceed20:

1

∙Bagsinthebaghousearesewedtoastrapwhichisfastenedtoahangeratthetopendofeachbag.Thehangerisattachedtotheshakermechanism.

∙Largebaghousesarebuiltwithseveralcompartmentsoutofwhichatleast2compartmentsshouldbeoff-line,oneforcleaningandoneforrepairorreplacementofbags

Bagsshouldbearrangedwithineachcompartmentinsuchawayastoutilizethespaceeffectivelyandyetprovideaccesstoeachindividualbagforreplacement.Thisisdonebyplacingthebagsclosetogether,about5cmapart,whileleavingwidespacesof1/3to2/3meterbetweeneveryfourthtoeighthrowofbags.

Cleaningcyclesforbaghouses

∙Cleaningisessentialwheneverthepressuredropacrossthefilterreachesacertainpresetvalue.Thelengthofcleaningcycle,thatis,thetimeperiodbetweenthestartofonecleaningprocessandthestartofnextcleaningprocessneedstobecalculated.Followingassumptionsaremade:

n=numberofcompartmentsinbaghouseQ=totalflowrate

n–1=activecompartments,asonewillalwaysbekeptforcleaning

∆P=pressuredrop

∆Pm=maximumvalueofpressuredrop

Cmai=weightofdustcakeoneachfilter,wheresubscriptirepresentstheithcompartment

t1=lengthofcleaningcycle

Qi=flowratethroughithcompartment

Afi=filterareaineachcompartmentwhichissameforallcompartments

∆tc=lengthofcleaningprocess

ø1andǿ1aretheconstants,valueofø1canbeobtainedfromgraphdrawnbetweenø1andQK1/Afi*∆Pm

ǿ1canbecalculatedfromequationbelow:

ǿ1=ø1–2K2*Cmv*∆Pm*∆tc/K12

t1canbecalculatedfromequation:

t1=（Afi*K1/K2*Cmv*Q）*（√1+ǿ1+ø1*（n–1）-1））

DesignofWetScrubber:

Particulatescrubber

Inallscrubbersdropletsofthescrubbingmediaare