外文翻译 发动机活塞连杆组活塞详解.docx

外文翻译 发动机活塞连杆组活塞详解.docx

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外文翻译发动机活塞连杆组活塞详解

Themachinepistonconnectingrodset-detail

ed

expositionofpiston

Thepistonconnectingrodsetiscomposedofthepiston,piston

wreath,pistonpin,connectingrod,connectingrodaxlebush,etc.

Ⅰ.effect:

Theeffectofthepistonistobeartheairpressure,

andpasstoconnectingrodtodrivethebentaxletorevolve

throughconnectingrodaxlebush,thepistoncopingisstilla

partoftheburningroom.Theworkcondition:

Piston

ofheat,highpressure,worksunderthecondition

and

highspeed,badlubrication.Pistondirectly

heatair.Thetemperaturecanwiththecontacts

amounttoabove2500Ksinamoment.Thepistonisheated

severely,buttheconditionofspreadingthehotisbad.Sowhile

thepistonworks,thetemperatureisveryhighandthecopingis

upto

the600-700Ks:

Andthetemperature

copingbearsdistributesasymmetrically;Thepiston

greatairpressure,especiallythepressureisgreatestin

therouteofdoingefficacy.Thegasolinemachineisuptothe

3-5MPas,thedieselengineisuptothe6-9MPas.Thismakesthe

pistonproducepound,

1．

andbearthefunctionofthesidepressure.Therefore,the

piston

shouldhaveenoughheat-proof,trytodecreasetheheating

area,,strengthenthecoolingofthepiston,tomakethehighest

temperatureofthecopingdescend.Thepistonmovesatvery

highspeed（8-12ms/s）backandforthintheaircylinder,and

speedchangesconstantly,Thisproducesverygreatinertialdint,

makingthepistonbeargreatadditionalloadworkingundersuch

badcondition,thepistonwillbecomedeformedheatingpower.

Atthesametime,itslittersthechemicalcorrosivepowerofthe

burninggas.Inordertodescendtheinertialdintofbackand

forth,wemusteasetheweightofthepistonaspossible.Piston

worksundertheconditionoftheheat,highpressure,high

speed（theaveragespeedcanamounttothe101115m/s）,andits

lubricantconditionisbadandthefricationbetweenthepiston

andtheaircylinderwallisverygreat.Inordertodescendthe

friction,thesurfaceofthepistonsurfacemustbewear-resistant..

Request:

（1）Tohaveenoughrigidityandstrength,andthereliabledint;

（2）

Transmitheatwell,bearthehighpressure,beartheheat

and

1．

beartowearaway;

（3）thequantityissmall,theweightislight,descendtheinertial

dintofbackandforthaspossible

Thealuminummetalalloymaterialsatisfiesthetoprequests

basically,therefore,thepistongenerallyadoptsthehigh

strengthaluminummetalalloy,butsomelowspeeddiesel

enginesadopthighclassironcastingorheat-proofsteel

Ⅱ,structure:

Thepistoncanbedividedintothreeparts,

pistoncoping,thepistonheadandpistonskirtdepartments.

1.Thepistoncoping

Thepistoncopingbearstheairpressure,itisapartofthe

burnableroom.Itsshape,position,sizearerelevanttothe

concretefromoftheburnableroom.Theyaremadetosatisfythe

combustiblehybridspiritformationandburnablerequests.Its

copingshapecanbedividedintofourmajortypes,aflatcoping

piston,aconvexcopingpiston,aconcavecopingpistonandmodel

piston.

Aconvexcopingpistonisusuallyusedonthetwoblunt

distance

I.C.engines,Itisgoodtoimprovetheprocessexchangingthe

gas.Modernfourbluntthealsomachinegasolinedistanceadopts

1．

theconvexcopingpistoninordertostrengthentheeffectof

pushingthegasorextendtheratioofcompressing.Convexofa

pistoncopingpresentsaformofball,itscopingstrengthis

high,havinganeffectofleading,beingadvantageousto

improvetheprocessofexchangingthegas,tworouteoftravel

gasolinemachinesoftenadopttheconvexcopingpiston

Apistoncopingpresentsthehollowform,theshapeand

positionsofthecavepitmustbeadvantageoustothe

combustionofthecombustibleandhybridgas,havingapairof

eddiesconcavepitball,concavepit,Uconcavepit,andsoon.

2.Pistonhead

Thepistonreferstothefirstpistonwreathtothepartabove

thepistonpin.Ithasseveralwreathslots,whichareusedto

installthepistonwreathandhaveaneffectofsealing

completely.Itisalsocalledtheleakproofdepartment.Thediesel

engine'scompressratioishigh,andgenerallyhavefourwreath

slots,Thethreeupperwreathsareusedtoinstall,thelowerpart

installstheoilwreath.Thegasolinemachinehasthreewreath

slotsgenerally,whicharetwojetofgaswreathslotsandanoil

wreathslots.Atthebottom

1．

ofoilwreathslotmanypathstowardeyeletaredrilledtomake

the

quiltoilwreathflowfromtheaircylinderwalltotheoil

bottomhullthroughtheseeyelets.Theworkingconditionofthe

wreathslotistheworstandshouldleavethecopinggenerallya

littlefarther.

Abovethegaswreath,anarrowinsulatingslotisusuallysetto

cutofftheheatflowwhichisspreadfromthepistoncopingto

thefirstgaswreathandmakepartsofcaloriesfromapiston

wreathspread,thuseasingthehotburdenofthefirstgaswreath.

Onsomeenginessmallwreatheslotsareoftenmadebetweenthe

copingheadandthefirstgaswreathe,sometimestillafew

morewreath.Thiskindofsmallwreathcanadsorbthelubricant

becauseitaccumulatesthecarbon.Itcankeeppistonandtheair

cylinderwallsfrombitingtomatchwhenitworkinthe

conditionoflosingoil,soitiscalledaccumulatingthecarbon

slot.

Thecaloriesthatthepistoncopingabsorbsalsomainlypasses

theaircylinderwallthroughthepistonwreathtoleakproof

department,againspreadbythecoolwater.Inaword,the

functionofthepistonheadisinadditiontoinstallthepiston

wreath,still

1．

sealcompletelyfunctionandtransmitheatfunction,

sealing

completelytheaircylindertogetherwiththepistonwreath,

keepingcombustibleadmixturespiritfromleakcrankcase,at

thesametimepassthe（70-80）êloriestotheaircylinderwall

throughthepistonwreath.

3.Pistonskirtdepartment

Thepistonskirtdepartmentreferstothepartsfromthebottom

oftheoilwreatheslot.Itincludesthepinwhichisusedtopack

thepiston.Thepistonskirtdepartmentexercisestorisetolead

tothefunctiontothepistoninthebackandforthintheair

cylinder,andbearthesidepressure.Thelengthoftheskirt

departmentisdecidedbythesizeandthepistondiameterofthe

sidepressure.Theso-calledsidepressuremeaninthe

compression

routeoftravelandmakerouteoftravelof

efficacy.Thelevelcomponentofthegaspressurewhichtake

effectonthepistoncopingpressesthepistontotheaircylinder

wall.Compresstherouteoftravelandmakethesidepressure

directionoftheefficacyrouteoftravelairexactlytheopposite,

becauseofthecombustionpressureconsumedlyinhigh

inmakeso,thecompresspressure,theside

1．

therouteoftravelofefficacypressurealsoconsumedlyhigh

in

compressthesideintherouteoftravelpressure.Twoonthe

sidesthatbearthesidepressureofthepistonskirtdepartmentbe

calledtopushthedinttoface,theybeplacedintosellthe

mutuallyperpendiculardirectionofthestalklinewithpistonup.

Structurecharacteristics:

（1）makeintoovalinadvance:

Thewallthickofthepistonskirtdepartmentisbiggeralongthe

directionofthepinandthehotinflationhavegreatcapacity.

Whileworkingunderthecommonfunctionofhotburdenand

thesidepressuretheskirtministrybecomestheovalpillarform.

Followingthepistontopindirectionithastheelongation

slightly,buttheperpendicularitypindirectionithasslightly

short.Inordertomakepistoninworkingconditionstillkeep

thecylinderformandpreventfromresultinginpistonchoked

todeathorthepartworeawaybigbecauseofovaltransform,the

pistonskirtdepartmentprocessesgenerallyandinadvanceoval,

itsmajoraxisandpistonssellthestalkdirectionperpendicular.

Inordertoreducetheheattransformaroundthepiston,wecanalso

makethe

1．

surfaceofskirtcastintobottomtosinkthe0.5-1mms

Inordertomakebothsidesofskirtbeartheairpressureand

keepingwithaircylindersmallbutsafetyofcleft,while

workingthepistonmusthaverightofcylinderform.But,because

thethicknessofthepistonskirtdepartmentisveryasymmetry,

thepistonpinthemetalsofaborepartthick,besubjectedtothehot

inflationtohavegreatcapacity,followthepistontosella

stalklinedirectionoftransformtohavegreatcapacityinother

directions.Moreover,thefunctionthatbearstheairside

pressure,causesthepistontotransformthemoreperpendicular

pistonofquantitypinthedirectionbig.

Thus,ifthepistonincoldstatehourskirtdepartmentisa

circular,whileworkingthepistonwillbecomeonoval,makinga

circumferencecleftofthepistonandaircylindernotequal,

resultinginpistonblockintheaircylinderandthemachinecan't

worknormally.Therefore,whileprocessingwemakethe

pistonskirtdepartmentintotheovalshapeinadvance.The

directionofovalmajoraxisisperpendicularwiththepin.The

directionoftheminoraxisfollowsthedirectionofthepin.Thus

whileworkingthe

1．

pistonworktendthenearpositivecircle.

（2）Thetemperateofthepistonalongthedirectionofthelength

isveryasymmetry.Thetemperatureoftheupperpartofthe

pistonishigh,thelowerpartislow,itisupperpartthatthe

inflationquantityalsocorrespondbig,thelowerpartissmall.

Inordertomakethepisto