雅思写作布局篇.docx

雅思写作布局篇.docx

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雅思写作布局篇

布局篇

一篇好的议论文，离不开精妙的构思，构思犹如建房子的蓝图，是文章的关键，其好坏很大程度上决定了文章的成败。

曹植七步诗令世人叹为奇才，左思十年写成“三都赋”以致洛阳纸贵，其功夫全在构思上。

拿到作文题目，构思会经历一个由庞杂到单纯，又千头万绪到形成一条明确线索的过程，正如“文镜秘府论”中谈到：

“文思之来，苦多纷杂，当机立断，须定一途。

”

雅思写作的构思可以从纵横两个方面来考量。

纵为谋形，形乃文章之架构；横为谋势，势乃文章之观点。

有形无势，起不到威慑的作用；有势无形，显示不出文笔的力度。

所以真正的写作，要把构架与观点结合起来，以势而动，那便会无往而不胜了。

我们将Argumentation与report类两类作文分别讲述其写作框架。

Argumentation类：

大家应该明确，雅思写作从思路上十分重视我们看待一个事件，现象，问题或观点的辩证性，即任何事件既有好处又有坏处，任何观点既有支持者又有反对者，必要从两个方面以来论述，体现出我们辩证思考问题的能力（criticalthinking）。

几乎所有雅思写作中的话题的特征都在于其可辨性，也就是说，大家无论什么时候都应该朝辩证的方向努力。

1基本框架：

本题的核心主题是什么

有好处，有人支持

有坏处，有人反对

为什么

第一点，及细节支持

第二点，及细节支持

为什么

第一点，及细节支持

第二点，及细节支持

2总框架：

开头段引入题目中要求谈论的核心主题，可能的话进行一定的延展——然后

可以表明自己的观点（也可不表明）

中间一段支持自己的分论点1，再进行延展；

支持自己的分论点2，再进行延展。

中间二段提出自己的反方观点或主题的另一个方面，进行一定的说明，然后对

其进行有效评价，反驳。

结尾段重申自己的总论点，再加上可能的补充说明。

真题实战：

Youshouldspendabout40minutesonthistask.

Writeaboutthefollowingtopic:

Insomecountries,youngpeopleareencouragedtoworkortravelforayearbetweenfinishinghighschoolandstartuniversitystudies.

Discusstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesforyoungpeoplewhodecidetodothis.

基本框架：

核心主题:

高中和大学间是否应该有一年间隔

有好处（有人支持）

有坏处（有人反对）

第一点：

可以锻炼学生的独立性

第二点：

可以开阔视野，丰富社会经

历。

第三点：

可以确定好人生目标与方向，

更好地选择大学专业。

第一点:

学生不回来上学，不能适应学校

学习。

第二点：

在社会上工作或旅行有可能受到

不良影响。

总框架：

第一段：

引入题目中要求谈论的核心主题，可能的话进行一定的延展，表明总

论点：

支持一年间隔\好处大于坏处。

（注：

总论点可以写在结尾段，但构思时要确定好总论点）

第二段：

支持自己的分论点1：

可以锻炼学生的独立性，进行延展。

支持自己的分论点2：

可以开阔眼界，丰富社会经历，进行延展

第三段：

提出主题的另一个方面：

有坏处：

学生不回来上学或不能适应学校学习

进行一定的说明，然后对其进行有效评价，反驳。

第四段：

重申自己的总论点，再加上可能的补充说明。

Itisquitecommonthesedaysforyoungpeopleinmanycountriestohaveabreakfromstudyingaftergraduatingfromhighschool.Thetrendisnotrestrictedtorichstudentswhohavethemoneytotravel,butisalsoevidentamongpoorerstudentswhochoosetoworkandbecomeeconomicallyindependentforaperiodoftime.

Thereasonsforthistrendmayinvolvetherecognitionthatayoungadultwhopassesdirectlyfromschooltouniversityisratherrestrictedintermsofgeneralknowledgeandexperienceoftheworld.Bycontrast,thosewhohavespentsometimeearningalivingortravelingtootherplaces,haveabroaderviewoflifeandbetterpersonalresourcetodrawon.Theytendtobemoreindependent,whichisaveryimportantfactorinacademicstudyandresearch,aswellasgivingthemanadvantageintermsofcopingwiththechallengesofstudentlife.

However,therearecertainlydangersintakingtimeoffatthatimportantage.Youngadultsmayendupneverreturningtotheirstudiesorfindingitdifficulttoreadapttoanacademicenvironment.Theymaythinkthatitisbettertocontinueinaparticularjob,ortodosomethingcompletelydifferentfromauniversitycourse.Butoverall,Ithinkthisislesslikelytoday,whenacademicqualificationsareessentialforgettingareasonablecareer.

Myviewisthatyoungpeopleshouldbeencouragedtobroadentheirhorizons.Thatisthebestwayforthemtogetaclearperspectiveofwhattheyarehopingtodowiththeirlivesandwhy.Studentswithsuchaperspectiveareusuallythemosteffectiveandmotivatedonesandtakingayearoffmaybethebestwaytogainthis.

有关于：

”thereasonforthistrendmayinvolvetherecognitionthat”

1Thereasonforthistrendmayinvolvetherecognitionthatadecreasingnumberofdescendantsintheseethnicgroupswouldliketolearntheirlanguagesandtraditionalcustoms.

2Themajorcontributortothetrendmayinvolvetherecognitionthattheelectroniccommerceismuchmoreconvenientthanthetraditionaltrademode.

有关于：

“However,therearecertainlydangersin”可替换为

Certainly,therearesomepotentialthreatsordangersthatshouldnotbeneglected.Oneofthemostseriousisthat………..

三篇经典反驳段：

Withatendencytoholdthathighereducationisnolongercompulsory,manypeoplethenclaimthatitshouldbefundedbystudentsthemselvesinsteadofthegovernment.Thisindeedreducesgovernments’financialburdentoacertainextentanditisarguedthatstudents’motivationwouldbehighlystrengthenedsincetheyhavepaidalargeamountoffeestoobtaintheaccess.Butthedownsidesshouldnotbeneglected.Thatismainlytosay,theeconomicallydisadvantagedgroups,forexample,childrenofimpoverishedfarmersinremoteruralareasandlaid-offworkersincities,arepossiblyputatanextremedisadvantage,andthereforeshouldbeassuredofanequalchancetoaccesstheuniversityeducationbythegovernment.

Ofcourse,thereisnodenyingthattravelingbyplaneproducesgreenhousegasesandisfuel-consuming.Butonefactshouldbemadeclearthatthemainsourceofworld’semissionisprivatecarsratherthanairplanes.Moreover,alternativeenergiesarebeingexploredandsomehavealreadycomeintobeing.ItisimaginablethatinthenearfuturewecanenjoythejourneyfromJinantoLondoninplanespoweredbynewenergy.

Someothersthinkpostgraduateenrollmentshouldbeenlargedtoeasetheproblemtoacertainextent.ButIthinkthisisonlyanexpedienttoputofftheproblemratherthanresolveit.OnepointIwouldliketomakeisconcerningyounggraduatesthemselves,whoshouldbeadvisedtolowertheirunrealisticexpectationsandembarkonsomeseeminglymorefundamentalwork,forexample,thatinthecommunitiesorruralareas,whichisindeednotthat“bad”.Thismayworkefficientlytoreducethecurrentunemploymentrates.

诚然，雅思作文并不喜欢一边倒的文体，但是我们私下写一写也不打紧。

但只限学习一些语句或用法！

Workingexperienceandbroadoutlookhavebeenveryimportantfeaturesinstudents’futurecareerinthiscompetitivesociety.Apracticehasbeensuggestedthatstudentsshouldspendoneyearworkingortravelingtogainpracticalexperiencesbeforetakingtertiaryeducation（高等教育）.Nevertheless,thepracticeappearstohavesomeweakpointsthatexceeditsmerits.

Themainreasonisthatstudents’studywillbedelayedanddisadvantaged（处于不定地位）.Theiracademicknowledgewillbeeasilyforgotten.Inthisspecialperiodoflife,studentshavethebestmemoryandstrongestlearningability.Iftheydonotworkhardatstudy,theywillmissintheprimeoflifeandthatcannotbecompensatedbygoodsalaryorwideinformation.Iftheychoosetoenrollinuniversitystraightaway,theywouldgainabetterfuture.

Anotherreasonisthatknowledgeofstudentsisnotenoughforthemtocopewithworkrequirements.Holdersofahighschooldiplomaaretaughtgeneraltheoriesinsteadofbeingtrainedforprofessionaltechnologyinpractice,sotheymayfinditdifficulttogetopportunitiesofemployment.Itisjusttheirdreamthattheycouldobtainrichworkingexperience.

Thelastreasonisthestudentswhosementalcapacityisnotsufficienttounderstandcomplexinterpersonalrelationships.Highschoolgraduatearetooyoungtobegoodatinterpersonalcommunicatingskills.Inaddition,theadultworldistoodangerousandunreadabletostudentswhodon’thavestrongabilityofanalysis.

Overall,thestudentsoughttokeeponstudyinginuniversityaftertheyfinishtheircoursesinhighschool.Itisfirmlyheldthatstudentsshouldnotgiveupstudyjustfortheexperienceofemploymentandabundantinformation.

一些相关论据

Arguments

One-yearworkingexperienceprovidesinitialunderstandingofsocialrealityandcruelcompetitionintheworld,whichisvitalimportancetostudents’futurecareer.

Studentsmaygettoknowwhattheywanttoachieveandwhattheywantintheirlife.Theywilltryhardertorealizetheirdreamoncetheygotocollege.

Studentsmaygettheideaoflifehardship.Theymeetsetbacksanddifficultiesinworkforsure.Thesearerareopportunitiesforthemtodeveloptheirabilitytosolveproblemsandcultivatepersistenceinthem.

Partofcollegetuitionscanbeearnedinwork,whichrelievesfamilies’burden.

Workingexperiencebroadensstudents’vision.Theyacquiremoreknowledgewhichcannotbelearnedfrombooksandhaveadeeperunderstandingofvariouscultures.

Workingexperiencehelpscultivateindependence.

Workingexperienceenablesstudentslearntocooperateandcompromiseandmasterinterpersonalskillsneededforfuturesuccess.

Counterarguments

Studentshavelimitedknowledge.Whattheydoarejustsimpletaskswhichdonotneedmuchknowledgesotheyareunabletoimprovetheirknowledge.

Thecomplicatedsocietyisfullofdangersforstudents,whichincreasesfamilies’concerns

Travelingcostsdearly.Evenpart-timejobscannotcoveralloftheexpensesconcerned.

Workingortravelingbeforecollegeeducationisawasteoftime.Studentsshouldgainmoreknowledgewhentheyarestillyoung.

Itiseasyforstudentstoforgetwhattheyhavelearnedinpreviouseducation.

Students’involvementintotheemploymentmarkethasexertedadetrimentalinfluencetothenationaleconomy.Peoplefacegreaterunemploymentpressure.

Itisunavoidablethatstudentswillbecomemoney-centeredandsometimescontaminatedpsychologically.

Somepeoplesaythatgivingaidtopoorcountrieshasmorenegativeeffectsthanpositiveeffects.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?

ThoughmanypeopletodayintherichWestlivecomfortablelives,enjoyingthebenefitsbroughtbyadvancedhi-tech,thereareindeednearly1billionofworld’spopulationareconstantlylivinginpoverty,orevenextremepoverty,accordingtostatisticsofaUNreport.Soitisquitecommonforrichcountriestogiveinternationalaidtothoseimpoverishedones.

Theadvantagesofthispracticeareeasiesttonote.Forexample,withforeigninvestment,localpeoplehavefinallyfoundemploymenttoearnalivingandtosupporttheirfamilies,whichalsopartlycontributestogreatersocialstability,thusformingavirtuousratherthanviciouscircle.Moredirectbenefitcanbeseeninthefieldofmedicalcareandeducation.Asaresultofmedicinedon