最新高一英语阅读理解试题有答案和解析.docx

最新高一英语阅读理解试题有答案和解析.docx

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最新高一英语阅读理解试题有答案和解析

最新高一英语阅读理解试题（有答案和解析）

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   83-year-oldAntonioVicentehasspentthelastfourdecadesofhislifefightingagainstthetrend.AsBrazilianlandownerscutdownrainforeststomakeroomforprofitableplantations（种植园）andcattlegrounds,hestruggledtobringthejunglesofhischildhoodbacktolife.

   "WhenIwasachild,thepeasantscutdownthetreestomakegrasslandsandcharcoal,andthewaterdriedupanddidnotcomeback,"hetoldthereporters,"Ithought:

'Waterisvaluable,noonemakeswaterandthepopulationwillnotstopgrowing.Whatisgoingtohappen?

Wearegoingtorunoutofwater.'"

   Withonlysomedonkeysandasmallteamofhiredworkers,AntonioVicentesetaboutbringingbacktheforesttohisland.Whatstartedoutasaweekendhobbysoonbecameapermanentwayoflife,andAntoniorecallsoftenspendingwholedaysandnightsinhisyoungjungle,surroundedbyratsandfoxes,andeatingbananasandwichesforbreakfast,lunchanddinner.Overthelast40years,hehasplantedanestimated50,000treesonhis31-hectareland,whichnowmakeupasmallbutuniqueareaofrainforest,andahavenforwildlife.

   Astheforestgrew,thewaterreturned,andAntoniosaysthattherearenowover20water,sourcesonhislandthatwerenolongertherewhenheboughtit.Thentheanimalsstartedmakingahomethere.Today,theforestisalivewiththesoundsofbirdsandinsectslivingthere,andmorespeciesaresettlingineveryyear.

   "Therearetoucans（巨嘴鸟）,allkindsofbirds,squirrels,lizards,andeventheboarsarereturning,"83-year-oldVicentesays,"Ifyouaskmewhomyfamilyare,Iwouldsayallthisrighthere,eachoneofthesethatIplantedfromaseed."

（1）WhatdowelearnabouttheBrazilianpeasants?

A. Theywastedmuchwateronfarming.           B. Theyfocusedonshort-termprofits.

C. Theycaredmuchabouttheenvironment.         

D. Theyreliedheavilyonrainforestsforaliving.

（2）WhatusedtobeyoungAntonio'sbiggestconcern?

A. Overpopulation.      

B. Pollutedwater.      

C. Lossofgrasslands.      

D. Watershortage.

（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"haven"inParagraph3probablymean?

A. Trap                              B. Disaster                              C. Shelter                              D. Balance

（4）Inthelastparagraph,Antoniomainlyexpresseshis              .

A. affectionforhisforest                             

B. thanksforhisfamily

C. deeploveforrarebirds                             

D. prideasasuccessfulfarmer

【答案】

（1）B

（2）D

（3）C

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，83岁的安东尼奥•比森特在他生命的最后40年里一直在与这种趋势作斗争，他努力使童年的丛林恢复生机。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“WhenIwasachild,thepeasantscutdownthetreestomakegrasslandsandcharcoal,andthewaterdriedupanddidnotcomeback,”---Whatisgoingtohappen?

Wearegoingtorunoutofwater.'”可知Brazilian的农民关注的是短期的利益。

故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“AntonioVicentesetaboutbringingbacktheforesttohisland.Whatstartedoutasaweekendhobbysoonbecameapermanentwayoflife”，可知年轻的Antonio最大的关注是水的短缺。

故选D。

（3）考查词义猜测。

根据第三段中的“Overthelast40years,hehasplantedanestimated50,000treesonhis31-hectareland,whichnowmakeupasmallbutuniqueareaofrainforest,andahavenforwildlife.”在最近40年，他在31公顷土地上种植了大约50,000棵树，目前虽小但独特的热带雨林地区是野生动物的天堂。

由此推知划线的意思是“遮蔽”，故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“Therearetoucans（巨嘴鸟）,allkindsofbirds,squirrels,lizards,andeventheboarsarereturning,”83-year-oldVicentesays.“Ifyouaskmewhomyfamilyare,Iwouldsayallthisrighthere,eachoneofthesethatIplantedfromaseed.”可推知Antonio主要在表达他对森林的影响。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

WISHYOUWEREMORECREATIVE?

   Iwanttoaskyouafavor.Ihaveapairofpants.Tellme:

HowmanydifferentwayscanIputapairofpantstouse?

Nowimagineyou'reanarchitect.Samequestion.Nowimagineyou'reBillGates.Ascubadiver.Amedievalknight.Youstillhavethepants.Whatalternativeusescometomind?

   Whatyoujustpracticed--theconsciousactof"wearing"anotherself-isanexercisethat,accordingtopsychiatristSriniPillay,MD,isessentialtobeingcreative.

   Onegreatirony（讽刺）aboutourcollectiveaddictiontocreativityisthatwetendtoframeitinuncreativeways.Thatistosay,mostofusmarrycreativitytoourconceptofself:

Eitherwe're"creative"orwearen't,withoutmuchofamiddleground."I'mjustnotacreativeperson!

"adiscouragedstudentmightsayinartclass,whileanothermightblamehertalentatpaintingforherdifficultiesinmath,makingacomment"I'mveryright-brained."

   Dr.Pillay,anassistantprofessoratHarvardUniversity,hasspentyearsoverturningtheseideas.Hebelievesthatthekeytounlockingyourcreativepotentialistochallengethestereotyped（陈词滥调的）advicethaturgesyouto"believeinyourself."Infact,youshoulddotheopposite:

Believeyouaresomeoneelse.

   Hepointstoastudyshowingtheimpactofstereotypeonone'sbehavior.Theauthors,psychologistsDenisDumasandKevinDunbar,dividedtheircollegestudentsubjectsintotwogroups,instructingonegrouptothinkofthemselvesas"eccentricpoets"andtheothertoimaginetheywere"rigidlibrarians".Theresearchersthenpresentedthemallwithordinaryobjects,includingafork,acarrot,andapairofpants,andaskedthemtocomeupwithasmanydifferentusesaspossibleforeachone.Theformergroupcameupwiththewidestrangeofideas,whereasthelatterhadthefewest.

   Theseresultssuggestthatcreativityisnotanindividualcharacteristicbuta"productofcontextandperspective".Everyonecanbecreative,aslongasheorshefeelslikeacreativeperson.

   Dr.Pillay'sworktakesthisastepfurther:

Hearguesthatsimplyidentifyingyourselfascreativeislesspowerfulthantakingthebrave,creativestepofimaginingyouaresomebodyelse.Thisexercise,whichhecallspsychologicalHalloweenism,referstotheconsciousactionof"wearing"anotherself.Anactormayemploythistechniquetogetintocharacter,butanyonecanuseit.AccordingtoDr.Pillay,itworksbecauseitisanactofconsciousunfocus,acollectionofbrainregionsthatspringintoactionwhenyou'renotfocusedonaspecifictaskorthought.Mostpeoplespendnearlyhalfoftheirdaysinastateof"unfocus."Thisdoesn'tmakeuslazy;itmakesushuman.

   Imaginingyourselfinanewsituation,oranentirelynewidentity,neverfeltsoproductive.You'remakingyourselfmorecreative,andyou'regivingyourselfpermissiontodosomethingyou'dotherwisefeelguiltyabout.

（1）What'sthefunctionofthequestionsinparagraph1?

A. Toleadinthetopic.                                         

B. Tomakeacomparison.

C. Tostateanopinion.                                         

D. Toaskafavor.

（2）ThestudyledbyDenisDumasandKevinDunbarproves     

A. creativityisanindividualcharacteristic          

B. librariansaremorecreativethanpoets

C. ordinaryobjectscanimprovecreativity         

D. yourcreativityisdeterminedbyyourself

（3）AccordingtoDr.Pillay,Halloweenismworksbecause      .

A. itisanactofunconsciousfocus                     

B. certainbrainareasbegintoacttogether

C. peopleareinastateoflaziness                      D. allactorsemploythistechnique

（4）Ifyouwanttobemorecreative,youaresupposedto    .

A. focusonaspecifictask                                    B. believeinyourowntalent

C. pretendtobesomeoneelse                           

D. turntoberight-brained

【答案】

（1）A

（2）D

（3）B

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论述了如何让自己更有创造力，给读者展示了一种心理学理念心理角色扮演：

遇见更有创造力的自己。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段可知作者问读者一条裤子可以有多少种不同的用法?

并让读者假设自己是一名建筑师，比尔盖茨，带水肺的潜水员，一个中世纪的骑士等等思考同样的问题；再根据第二段”Whatyoujustpracticed--theconsciousactof"wearing"anotherself--isanexercisethat…isessentialtobeingcreative.“可知作者接着说刚才你所练习的有意识地"穿戴"另一个自我的行为是一种对保持创造力至关重要的练习。

这说明作者在第一段问这些问题就是为了引出下文中的"创造力"话题，故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第六段”Theseresultssuggestthatcreativityisnotanindividualcharacteristicbuta‘productofcontextandperspective’.Everyonecanbecreative,aslongasheorshefeelslikeacreativeperson.“可知DenisDumas和KevinDunbar的研究结果表明创造力不是个体特征，而是"环境和视角的产物"。

每个人都可以有创造力，只要他或她觉得自己是一个有创造力的人。

也就是说一个人的创造力是取决于自己的。

故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第七段中的”AccordingtoDr.Pillay,itworksbecauseitisanactofconsciousunfocus,acollectionofbrainregionsthatspringintoactionwhenyou'renotfocusedonaspecifictaskorthought.“可知据皮莱博士说，心理万圣节之所以有效，是因为它是一种有意识的分散注意力的行为，当你不专注于某一特定任务或思想时，大脑中一系列区域就起作用。

这说明心理万圣节有效是因为大脑的某些区域大脑协同工作，故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的”Hebelievesthatthekeytounlockingyourcreativepotentialistochallengethestereotyped（陈词滥调的）advicethaturgesyouto‘believeinyourself.’Infact,youshoulddotheopposite:

Believeyouaresomeoneelse.“可知想象自己处在一个新的环境中，或者是一个全新的身份，你会感到从未有过的高效，你让自己更有创造力。

由此推断所以要变得有创造力的话，要想象自己有一个全新的身份，也就是把自己想象成另外一个人。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   EveryyearinAmerica,high-schoolstudentswhowanttogotocollegetakeanationalexaminationcalledtheScholasticAptitudeTest,orSATinashortenedway.Theirscoreisanimportantfactorindeterminingwhichcollegeswilladmitthemorwhetheranywillbeadmittedatall.TheScholasticAptitudeTestmeasuresone'smathematicalabilityanduseoftheEnglishlanguage.Traditionally,theEnglishpartinvolvedgrammaticalquestionsandparagraphsthattestreadingcomprehension.

   ButtheSATfolkshaveaddedasinglequestion,tobeansweredinanessay,hand-writtenonthespot.That'saninterestingwaytotestwritingability,butcontentaside,haveyoueverseenyoungpeople'shandwritinglately?

Oranyone'sforthatmatter,inthisage