主谓一致.docx
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主谓一致
清大教育学科教师辅导讲义
学员编号：
年级：
八年级课时数：
3
学员姓名：
闵捷辅导科目：
英语学科教师：
王兰英
授课
类型
T（主谓一致）
C（专题方法主题）
T（学法与能力主题）
授课日期时段
教学内容
主谓一致
一、同步知识梳理
知识点1：
主谓一致原则
含义：
在英语句子中，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致。
分类：
语法一致原则、逻辑意义一致原则、就近原则。
知识点2：
语法一致原则：
谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。
1.以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。
Hisfatherisworkingonthefarm.
TostudyEnglishwellisnoteasy.
Readinginthesunisbadforyoureyes.
Whathesaidistrue.
【注意】★由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。
WhatIboughtwerethreeEnglishbooks.
WhatIsayanddohasnothingtodowithyou.
★apairof+表无生命的名词+单数谓语；apairof+表人或动物的名词+单数/复数谓语：
Thispairofshoesisnotmine.
Thehappypairis/aregoingtoHawaiifortheirhoneymoon.
2.“单数名词+and+单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数：
YouandIaregoodfriends.
Theboyandthegirlweresosurprisedwhentheyheardthenews.
【注意】★如果and并列的主语指的是同一个人或物时，谓语动词用单数：
a/the+单数名词（人）+and+单数名词（人）+单数谓语
a/the+单数名词（人）+and+a/the+单数名词（人）+复数谓语
Thedancerandsingerwasgreetedbyacrowdofpeople.
Thedancerandthesingerweregreetedbyacrowdofpeople.
★由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no,each,everymorethana（an）,manya（an）修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式:
Everyman,woman,andchildneedslove.
Eachboyandgirlwasgivenabook.
Everyminuteandeverysecondisprecious.
★有些用and连接起来的单数名词，由于关系密切，已被看成一个整体，因而作主语时，谓语单词用单数。
这类名词词组有：
knifeandfork刀叉needleandthread针线
breadandbutter面包和黄油fishandchips炸鱼加薯条
thestarsandstripes星条旗
FishandchipsisapopularfastfoodinEngland.
ThestarsandstripesisthenationalflagoftheU.S.A.
3.主语为单数名词或代词，后面跟有with,togetherwith,except,but,like,aswellas,ratherthan,morethan,nolessthan,besides,including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式:
Thefactorywithallitsequipmenthasbeenburnt.
Themanager,alongwithhissecretaries,isgoingtoadinnerpartytonight.
Theteacher,aswellastheparents,istoblamefortheaccident.
4.each;each+单数可数名词；eachof+复数名词作主语时，谓语都用单数形式：
Eacharrivesontime.
Eachofthebuildingispaintedadifferentcolor.
5.由any,no,every与body,one,thing构成的不定代词作主语或主语的一部分，谓语用单数：
Everybodyisdoinghisbest.
Thereisnothingyoucandotohelp.
6.在定语从句中，关系代词that,who,which等作主语时，谓语动词的数与先行词的数一致：
Hewholaughslastlaughsbest.
试比较：
Heisoneofmyfriendswhoareworkinghard.
Heistheonlyoneofmyfriendswhoisworkinghard.
7.如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式,这些词有army,family,audience,club,class,group,organization,troop等：
Thegraduatingclassisinthelaboratory.
Theclasswereallcheerful.
Ateamwhichisfullofenthusiasmismorelikelytowin.
Theteamweretalkingoversomenewplans.
【注意】people,police,cattle等名词一般都用作复数:
Thepolicearelookingforthelostchild.
8.在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致:
Suchistheresult.
Sucharethefacts.
知识点3：
逻辑意义一致原则：
谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致（因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数。
）
1.what,who,which,any,more,all等代词可以是单数，也可以是复数，主要靠意思来决定：
Whichisyoufavoritesubject?
Whichareyourfavoritesubjects?
Allisgoingwell.
AllhavegonetoBeijing.
2.表示时间、重量、长度、价值等的名词的复数作主语时，因常表示一个整体的概念，谓语动词常用单数形式：
Eighthoursofsleepisenough.
Tendollarsistoomuchtopayfortheshirt.
3.复数形式的专有名词，如书名、剧名、报名、国名等，其谓语用单数：
TheUnitedNationshasitsheadquartersinNewYorkCity.
TheThameshasalargepopulation.
4.一些学科名词是以-ics结尾，如：
mathematics,politics,physics，以及news，works等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义是单数名词，它们作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式：
Worldeconomicshasadirecteffectonworldpeace.
Physicswashermajor.
5.“定冠词the+形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，动词用复数：
Therichgetricherandthepoorgetpoorer.
Thegoodarewellrewarded,andthebadpunished.
知识点4：
就近原则：
谓语动词的人称与最近的主语保持一致。
1.当两个主语由or;either…or;neither…nor;whether…or…;notonly…butalso连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致：
GeorgeorIamwrong.
EitherJohnorhisfriendsaretoblameforthebadresults.
NeithermybrothernorIamgoingtothesummercamp.
Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteacherisinvitedtotheparty.
2.therebe句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致：
（here引导的句子用法相同）
Thereisapen,aknifeandseveralbooksonthedesk.
Therearetwentygirlsandonlyoneboyinourclass.
知识点5：
表示数量的短语作主语时的谓语形式
1.“manya/morethanone+单数名词”作主语时，谓语用单数：
Manyashiphasbeenwreckedonthoserocks.
Morethanonegrammaticalmistakewasfoundinhiscomposition.
2.表示鸟兽鱼群的词,如aflockofbirds,apackofdogs,aprideoflions,aherdofcattle,aschooloffish等作主语，谓语用单数：
Aflockofbirdsiscirclingoverhead.
3.alotof,lotsof,plentyof,thepercentageof,分数词+of,aquantityof,quantitiesof作主语的一部分时，与复数名词连用，谓语用复数形式；与不可数名词连用，谓语用单数形式：
Two-fifthsofthemoneyismine.
Two-fifthsofthestudentsintheclassarefromEnglish-speakingcountries.
Therewasquantitiesofrainthisfall.
4.agreatdealof,anamountof,alittleof,muchof等与不可数名词连用时，谓语用单数：
Muchofthefurnitureisuncomfortable.
Thereisalimitedamountofoilintheworld.
5.agoodmany,agreatmany,anumberof与复数可数名词连用作主语时，谓语用复数：
Therewereagreatmanypeopleinthepark.
Anumberofstudentswereabsent.
【注意】“thenumberof+复数名词+单数谓语”，表示“…的数目”：
Thenumberofdaysinaweekisseven.
二、习题
1.Betweenthetworoads_______aTVtowercalled“SkyscraperTower”.
A.standsB.standingC.whichstandsD.stand
2.–HaveyouheardthatTom,alongwithhisparents,_______toFrance?
--Really?
NowonderIhaven’tseenhimthesedays.
A.hasbeenB.hasgoneC.havebeenD.havegone
3.There_______apairoftrousersonthebed.
A.areB.isC.hasD.have
4._______and_______aregoingabroadnextThursday?
Whichofthefollowingiswrong?
A.Thefather;sonB.Thesinger;dancerC.Asinger;adancerD.He;I
5.A_______and_______hasbeenboughtforyou.Whichofthefollowingiswrong?
A.goldwatch;chainB.knife;fork
C.desk;butD.pen;pencil
6.Nothingbutonedeskandsixchairs_______intheroom.
A.areB.isstayedC.isD.has
7.Everystudentandeveryteacher_______.
A.aregoingtoattendthemeetingB.haveattendedthemeeting
C.hasattendedthemeetingD.isattendedthemeeting
8.TheNewYorkTimes_______allovertheUnitedStates.
A.isreadB.isreading
C.arereadD.arereading
9.There_______tobesomethingwrongwithhissister,_______?
A.seem;isn’titB.seems;doesn’tthere
C.seem;isn’tthereD.seems;doesn’tit
10.IthinkTom,_______you,_______toblame.
A.ratherthan;isB.ratherthan;are
C.morethan;areD.lessthan;is
11.Thespeakersatthemeetingagreedthatthewaysinwhichtelevisioncaneducateaperson_______almostinfinite.
A.beB.areC.isD.are
12.“Ifanybody_______,pleaseputdown_______name,”saidtheteachertothemonitor.
A.wantstobuythebook;hisB.wanttobuythebook;their
C.willbuythebook;one’sD.wantstohavethebookbought;her
13.Myfamily_______largeandmyfamily_______reading.
A.is;enjoyB.is;enjoysC.are;enjoyD.are;enjoys
14.ThecustomsandcultureofAmerica_______verymuchlike_______ofEngland.
A.is;thatB.are;thosehavebeen;theonesD.hasbeen;theone
15.Onlyoneofthestudentswho_______present_______tospeakatthemeeting.
A.is;isB.are;areC.are;isD.is;are
16._______is_______.Whichiswrong?
A.Twodays;alongvacationforthestudentsB.Oneandahalfdollars;notenough.
C.TheNewYorkTimes;publisheddailyC.800miles;longdistance
17.Therich_______notalwayshappy.
A.isB.areC.hasD.have
18.Whatsheleftme_______afewoldbooks.
A.isB.areC.hasD.have
19.Tenminutes_______anhourwhenoneiswaitingforaphonecall.
A.isB.areC.seemsD.seem
20.ThePhilippines_______ofmorethan7,000islands.
A.consistsB.consistC.makeupD.makesup
21.NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary_______tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.
A.isB.areC.amD.be
22.Eithertheteachersorthepresident_______themeeting.
A.attendsB.attendC.areattendingD.haveattended
23.Themanagerorhissecretary_______togiveyouaninterview.
A.isB.areC.wereD.have
24.Neitherofyoursuggestions_______sense.
A.makesB.makeC.ismadeD.aremade
25.There_______20dollarsandtwocardsinmypurse.
A.areB.isC.haveD.has
26.About60percentofthestudents_______fromthesouth,therestofthem_______fromthenorthandforeigncountries.
A.are;isB.are;areC.is;areD.is;is
27.Thenumberofpeopleinvited_______fifty;butanumberofthem_______absentfordifferentreasons.
A.were;was,B.was;wasC.was;wereD.were;were
28.Manyachild_______towalkbeforehecanspeak.
A.learnB.learnsC.learnedD.havelearned
29.Morethanonegirl_______lateforclassthismorning.
A.areB.isC.wasD.were
30.ThepopulationofChina_______over1,200millionandeightypercentofthepopulation_______peasants.
A.is;areB.are;isC.is;isD.are;are
作业
1.Theteacher,with6girlsand8boysofherclass,_______visitingamuseumwhentheearthquakestruck.
A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.wouldbe
2.Therich_____notalwayshappy..
A.isB.areC.hasD.have
3.Thisspecialstrainofrice___________one-thirdmoreofthecropinthesamefield.
A.makespossibletoproduceB.makesitpossibletoproduce
C.makepossibleproducingD.makeitpossibleproducing
4.Avarietyofbooks_____________thechildrenofdifferentages.
A.areinterestedinB.isinterestedin
C.areintendingforD.isintendingfor
5.Tomaswellastwoofhisfriends________totheconcertlastnight
A.hasbeeninvitedB.hadbeeninvited
C.wereinvitedD.wasinvited
6.—Mike,whatdidourmonitorsayjustnow?
—Everyboyandeverygirlaswella
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