高考英语考前精刷卷经典卷 模拟卷含新题有解析专题十九生态环保类.docx

高考英语考前精刷卷经典卷 模拟卷含新题有解析专题十九生态环保类.docx

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高考英语考前精刷卷经典卷模拟卷含新题有解析专题十九生态环保类

专题十九　生态环保类

A

限时10分钟

Knownas“wolfgirl”atherWestWarwick,R．I．school,AlyssaGraysonhasspentmuchofheryounglifeteachingotherstoprotectandrespectanimals．Afterstartingawolfclubinthesecondgrade,Alyssalearnedallshecouldaboutherfavoriteanimals．Today,shegivespresentationsaboutprotectingwolvesatlibrariesandschools—she'sevenspokenatauniversity．Infact,she'sbecomesuchawolfexpertthatshewasappointedasthefirstjunioradvisortotheNationalWolfwatcherCoalition．

Whenshe'snotteachingothersaboutwolves,Alyssacanbefoundvolunteeringatherlocalanimalshelter,takingcareofdogsandcats．She'salsotrainedasacitizenscientistforFrogWatchUSA．Inshort,AlyssaGraysonprovesthatyouarenevertooyoungtomakeadifferenceforanimals．

Whenaskedhowshegotinterestedinsavingwolves,Alyssasays,“I'velovedwolvessinceIsawtheminamoviewhenIwas2or3yearsold．ThenonedayIsawacommercialaboutwolfhunting．Iaskedmymotherwhypeopledothis,andshetoldmebecausepeopledon'tlikewolves．IdecidedfromthenonthatIwantedtosavewolves．”

Today,wolvesarehunted,trapped,orpoisoned．Hunterschasewolvesformilesinanairplaneuntilthewolvesaretooexhaustedtorunanymore．Thentheyshootthem．Theanimaldoesn'thaveachancetoescape．Animalsarealsotrappedfortheirfur．Theyarelefttosufferinatrapwithnofood,water,orshelter．Alyssathinksthefurlooksbetterontheanimalinthewild,whereit'smeanttobe,thanonahuman．

Alyssabelieveswolvesareimportanttoourworlds．Shesays,“Wolvesareanapexpredator,whichmeanstheyareatthetopofthefoodchain．Removingthemfromtheecosystemisabigmistake．Theecosystemislikeachainofdominoes（多米诺骨牌）—withtheapexpredatorastheoneinfront．Ifyouweretoknockdownthatdomino,therestofthechainwouldgodowntoo．”

Peopleusuallythinkof“theBigBadWolf”whentheyhearaboutwolves．However,Alyssasays,“Iftheywouldbasetheirthoughtsonfacts,notfairytales,wewouldn'thavepeoplewantingtokillwolves．”

1．Alyssaisknownas“wolfgirl”atherschoolbecause________．

A．shekeepswolvesaspets

B．shewasraisedbywolves

C．shedoesalottoprotectwolves

D．shestartedawolfclubatherschool

答案：

C　细节理解题。

根据文章首句中的“hasspent．．．toprotectandrespectanimals”以及下文所述她喜欢狼并呼吁大家保护狼这一物种可知，阿莉莎在学校中被称为“狼女”，是因为她用她的青春教会了其他人保护和尊重狼。

故选C。

2．Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,Alyssa________．

A．gainedknowledgeaboutwolvesatlibraries

B．caresaboutotheranimalsbesideswolves

C．startedtogivepresentationssincethesecondgrade

D．isthefirstjuniorcitizenscientistforFrogWatchUSA

答案：

B　细节理解题。

根据文章第二段描述可知，她除了关心狼之外，还照顾其他的动物，如猫和狗。

故选B。

3．Paragraph4ismainlyabout________．

A．whywolvesarekilled

B．whywolvesaretrapped

C．thetoolsusedtohuntwolves

D．howwolvesaretreated

答案：

D　段落大意题。

文章第四段主要讲述了狼被猎杀、被围困或被毒亡的事实。

人们为了它们的皮毛不断地去猎杀它们，不给它们逃生的机会，所以该段讲述了狼是被如何对待的。

故选D。

4．FromthelastparagraphwecaninferthatAlyssa________．

A．doesn'tneedfairytales

B．doesn'tbelieveinfairytales

C．encouragespeopletofindoutthefactsaboutwolves

D．believesthatmorepeoplewillworktosavewolves

答案：

C　推理判断题。

根据最后一段可知，当人们提到狼的时候往往说“大坏狼”。

如果人们把想法建立在事实的基础上，而不是童话上，我们人类就没有人想要杀死它们了。

因此可推知，阿莉莎鼓励人们客观地对待狼，看到狼真实的一面。

故选C。

B

限时10分钟

DrivethroughanysuburbintheUStoday,andit'shardtomisstherecyclingbinsthathavebecomecompanionstoAmerica'strashcans．Recyclinghasbecomecommon,aspeoplerecognizetheneedtocarefortheenvironment．Yetmostpeople'srecyclingconsciousnessextendsonlyasfaraspaper,bottles,andcans．Peopleseldomfindthemselvesfacingthegrowingproblemofewaste．

Ewasterapidlyincreasesasthetechnofashionablefrequentlyupgradetothemostadvanceddevices,andthemajorityofthemendupinlandfills（垃圾填埋地）．Somepeoplewhotracksuchwastesaythatusersthrowawaynearly2milliontonsofTVs,VCRs,computers,cellphones,andotherelectronicseveryyear．Unlesswecanfindasafereplacement,thisewastemaygetintothegroundandpoisonthewaterwithdangeroustoxins（毒素）,suchaslead,mercury,andarsenic．Burningthewastealsodangerouslycontaminatestheair．

However,ewasteoftencontainsreusablesilver,gold,andotherelectricalmaterials．Recyclingthesematerialsreducesenvironmentalproblemsbyreducingbothlandfillwasteandtheneedtolookforsuchmetals,whichcandestroyecosystems．

Agrowingnumberofstateshaveadoptedlawstobandumpingewaste．Still,lessthanaquarterofthiswastewillreachlawfulrecyclingprograms．Somecompaniesadvertisingsafedisposalinfactmerelyshipthewastetosomedevelopingcountries,whereitstillendsupinlandfills．Theseorganizationspreventprogressbyunsafelydisposingofwasteinanoutofsight,outofmindlocation．

However,thesmallbutgrowingnumberofcitiesandcorporationsthatdohandleewasteresponsiblyrepresentsprogresstowardmakingtheworldacleaner,betterplaceforusall．

5．Whatcanweinferfromthefirstparagraph?

A．ManyAmericansnowhaveaccesstorecyclingbins．

B．EwastecannotbeputintotrashcansintheUS．

C．MostAmericanshaverealizedthedangersofewaste．

D．MostofAmerica'strashcansaremadeofrecycledmaterial．

答案：

A　推理判断题。

根据第一段第二句可知，在美国，废弃物的回收利用变得很普遍，因为人们已经意识到需要关注环境。

所以，A项（很多美国人可以利用回收箱）符合题意，故选A。

6．Whatcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“contaminates”inParagraph2?

A．Pollutes．B．Heats．

C．Absorbs．D．Reduces．

答案：

A　词义猜测题。

根据第二段中的“thisewastemaygetintothegroundandpoisonthewaterwithdangeroustoxins（毒素）,suchaslead,mercury,andarsenic”可知，这些电子污染会进入土地，污染到水源，那么燃烧污染物可能会污染空气。

由此可推断出contaminates的意思与pollutes相近，即“毒害，污染”，故选A。

7．Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutburyingewasteinlandfills?

A．It'simportant．B．It'sunsafe．

C．It'sacceptable．D．It'suncommon．

答案：

B　推理判断题。

根据第二段倒数第二句中的“thisewastemaygetintothegroundandpoisonthewater”和第四段尾句中的“Theseorganizationspreventprogressbyunsafely．．．”可知，只是把电子垃圾放在看不见的垃圾填埋场，但仍旧不安全，因为它还在那里，分析选项可知B正确。

8．What'stheauthor'spurposeinwritingthistext?

A．Totellushowtorecycleewaste．

B．Totalkaboutthefutureofewaste．

C．Todiscussifit'snecessarytorecycleewaste．

D．Toencourageustodealwithewasteproperly．

答案：

D　推理判断题。

通读全文可知，人们对垃圾的回收普遍关注，回收普通垃圾已经成为习惯。

但随着科技的发展，合理回收电子垃圾成为现代废弃物回收的重点。

故本文的目的是鼓励我们合理处理电子垃圾，故选D。

C

限时8分钟

About5,000childrendieeachdaybecauseofpreventablediseasessuchascholeraanddysentery（痢疾）,whichspreadwhenpeopleuseuncleanwaterfordrinkingorcooking．Alackofwaterforpersonalhealthleadstothespreadoftotallypreventablediseasesliketrachoma,whichhasblindedsomesixmillionpeople．

Watertroublesalsotrapmanylowincomefamiliesinacycleofpovertyandpooreducationandthepoorestsuffermostfromlackofaccesstowater．Peoplewhospendmuchoftheirtimeonillhealth,caringforsickchildren,orcollectingwateratadistanceaveraging3．75milesadaydon'thaveeducationalandeconomicchancestobettertheirlives．

Agricultureiscalledthelion'sshareofcleanwaterworldwide,usingsome70percent,andindustrialuseneedsanother22percent．Waterareashavenopoliticalbordersandnationsdon'talwaysworktogethertosharecommonresources,sowatercanbeafrequentsourceofinternationalproblemsaswell．

Daybydaydemandkeepsgrowing,furtherdrainingwatersources,fromgreatriverstogroundwater．“We'regoingdeeperintodebtonourgroundwateruse，”Postelsaid,“andthathasgreateffectsonglobalwatersafety．Therateofgroundwaterusehasdoubledsince1960．”

SomeofEarth'sgroundwaterisfossilwatercreatedwhenEarth'sclimatewasfardifferent．Todaysuchwaterisaslimitedaspetrol．“Butwe'repumpingmuchofthemoutfasterthanever，”Postelexplained．“Man'sgrowingthirstalsocausesamajorproblemaboutwaterandourecosystems．Andthatalsocreatesacosttous,tooursonsandtoourgrandsons,notjusttonature．”

9．Whatdoestheauthormainlydiscussinthepassage?

A．Watershortagehasbeenamostseriouschallenge．

B．Somanychildrendieofpollutedwatereveryday．

C．Diseasesshouldbeproperlycontrolledandtreated．

D．Wastingwaterleadstotheunrestoftheworld．

答案：

A　主旨大意题。

本文讲述了目前在全世界范围内，水资源短缺给人们的健康、生活、经济等带来的不利影响，水资源短缺是人类面临的一个相当严峻的挑战。

10．Whyisagriculturecalledthelion'sshareofcleanwater?

A．Becauseagricultureismuchstrongerthanindustry．

B．Becausemorepeopleliveontheagriculturalproduce．

C．Becauseagricultureusesabouttwothirdsofcleanwater．

D．Becausenationsdon'talwaysworktogethertosavewater．

答案：

C　细节理解题。

依据文中第三段第一句中的“usingsome70percent,andindustrialuseneedsanother22percent”可知，世界上约70%的清洁水被农业生产耗用，农业是消耗清洁水最多的产业。

11．AccordingtowhatPostelsaidwecanknow________．

A．groundwaterisrichforustouse

B．thereisnoneedtodigdeepforgroundwater

C．weareusingournextgenerations'water

D．weshoulduseriverwaterinsteadofgroundwater

答案：

C　推理判断题。

依据最后两段中Postel的话，尤其是第五段最后一句可知，我们正在消耗我们子孙的水资源。

12．Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?

A．Weshouldn'tusewaterfromrivers．

B．Weshouldprotectourecosystems．

C．Watershouldbedistributedequally．

D．Lawsshouldbepassedforgroundwater．

答案：

B　推理判断题。

文章在讲述水资源的重要性，且用具体例子和数据进行证明；再结合尾段倒数第二句“Man'sgrowingthirstalsocausesamajorproblemaboutwaterandourecosystems．”可推知，我们要保护我们的生态系统。

D

限时8分钟

OurplanetEarthiscomparativelysmall,withonlyabout24,902milesaroundtheequator（赤道）．Itssurfaceareamayseemlargestat196,935,000squaremiles,butofthis,71%iscoveredbysea．Theactuallandsurfacecoverssome57,500,000squaremiles—29%ofthetotalsurfacearea．

Onceagain,thisseemsvastuntilwetakeintoaccountthelargelyuninhabitedregionssuchasthehugewastesof