被动语态小结及练习PETS.docx
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被动语态小结及练习PETS
被动语态小结及练习
(1)英语中有两种语态:
主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
WestudyEnglish.(主语We是动作study的执行者,是主动语态。
)
Englishisstudiedbyus.(主语English是动作study的承受者,是被动语态。
)
(2)被动语态的构成
被动语态由“be+p.p.(及物动词的过去分词)”构成。
(谓语必须是及物动词,只有及物动词才有宾语,有宾语被动语态才有主语。
)
(3)主动语态变被动语态的方法
①把主动语态中的主语变为被动语态by的宾语。
②把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
③把主动语态的谓语按“be+p.p.”结构变成相应的被动形式。
WestudyEnglish.
Englishisstudiedbyus.
Theymakethebikesinthefactory.
Thebikesaremadebytheminthefactory.
Juliapaintedapicture.
ThepicturewaspaintedbyJulia.
(4)被动语态的用法
①不知道动作的执行者是谁。
ThiswatchismadeinChina.这个表是中国制造的。
②没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
Moretreesmustbeplantedeveryyear.每年必须种很多树。
③需要强调或突出动作的承受者。
ThewindowwasbrokenbyMike.窗户是迈克打破的。
Chineseisspokenbymoreandmorepeopleintheworld.
世界上越来越多的人说汉语。
(强调汉语的使用广泛)
④动作的发出者不是人。
Manyhouseswerewashedawayintheflood.
在洪水中很多房子被冲走了。
(5)各种时态的被动语态即“be的各种时态的被动语态”。
现以build为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。
一般现在时:
am/is/are+p.p.ThebuildingisbuiltCBDoffice.
一般过去时:
was/were+p.p.Thebuildingwasbuiltin2010.
一般将来时:
will/shallbe+p.p.
am/is/aregoingto+be+p.p.
Thebuildingwillbebuiltnextyear.
Thebuildingisgoingtobebuiltnextyear.
现在进行时:
am/is/arebeing+p.p.Thebuildingisbeingbuiltnow.
现在完成时:
have/hasbeen+p.p.Thebuildinghasbeenbuiltsince2010.
含有情态动词被动语态:
情态动词+be+p.p.
Thestudentsmustn’tbegiventoomuchhomework.
禁止给学生留太多的作业。
(6)一些特殊结构的被动语态
①主动语态句中的谓语动词带有双宾语,即直接宾语和间接宾语时,转换方法有两种:
(a)把间接宾语转化为主语,保留直接宾语。
(b)把直接宾语转化为主语,保留间接宾语。
此时,一般需在间接宾语前加适当的介词to或for。
常与to搭配的动词有give,pass,show,bring,take,post等。
常与for搭配的动词有buy等。
Hegavemeabook.
间接宾语直接宾语
Iwasgivenabookbyhim.(间接宾语转化为主语)
Abookwasgiventomebyhim.(直接宾语abook转化为主语)
②主动语态中省略了的to,被动语态一定要加上to。
以下动词后接省略to的不定式作宾补
6个感官动词4个“看”seewatchnoticeobserve
1个“听”hear
1个“手摸”feel
3个“使,让”动词makehavelet
2个词组lookatlistento
1个“help”后可省可不省。
Weoftenhearagirlsinginthenextroom.
Thegirlisoftenheardtosinginthenextroom.
to千万不能省
③带复合宾语的动词变为被动语态
宾语加上宾补一起构成复合宾语。
变为被动语态时,只把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语,主动语态的宾补保留在原处,成为被动语态的主补。
Isawsomeboysplayingfootballontheplayground.
主动语态的宾补(现在分词)
Someboyswereseenplayingfootballontheplayground.
被动语态的主补(现在分词)
④短语动词变为被动语态
短语动词是一个不可分割的整体,在变为被动语态时,不可丢掉构成短语动词的介词或副词。
Weshouldtakegoodcareofthechildren.
Thechildrenshouldbetakengoodcareof.(of不能丢)
⑤主动结构表示被动意义
(a)sell,open,write,ride,wash,wear,read,lock,cut,burn等词作不及物动词时,他们的主语为物,可用主动语态表示被动意义。
Thebookssellwell.
Theshopopensfrom9a.m.to10p.m.
Thiskindofpenwrites/runsverysmoothly.(特指这种钢笔)
Thebikerideswell.
Thiskindofshirtswasheswellandwearslong.
(衬衫中的这种,主语是kind))
Thetelegramreadsasfollows.电文如下。
Doesthistrunklock?
折纸皮箱上着锁码?
Thedoorwon’tlock.这道门锁不上。
Theknifecutswell.这把刀好使。
Therazorwon’tcut.这把剃刀不好使。
Fairburns.火烧着了。
Drywoodburnseasily.干木易烧。
(b)以下按句型背
(ⅰ)look,sound,taste,smell,feel等系动词构成系表结构
Schooluniformslookgoodonus.
Itsoundsgood.
Ittastesnice.
Thecakesmellsdelicious.
Hishandsfeelcold./Silkfeelssoft.
(以被摸东西为主语,feel为系动词,意思是“东西摸上去有某种感觉”)
(ⅱ)beworthdoing中,doing表被动意义。
Thefilmisworthseeing.
Thebookisworthreading.
Theboyisn’tworthteaching.
(ⅲ)want/need/require+doing=want/need/requiretobedone
tobedone表示不定式的被动结构。
Mybikeneedsrepairing.=Mybikeneedstoberepaired.
注:
两个“发生”happen和takeplace无被动。
Whathappened?
What’shappening?
⑥被动语态和系表结构的区别
被动语态表动作,系表结构表状态。
Thewindowisbrokenbymybrother.(表动作)
Thewindowisbroken.(表状态)
Thisshopisclosedatnineo’clock.
Thisshopisclosedtoday.
被动语态练习一
一.把下列主动语态变为被动语态:
1.WeoftenusearecorderinourEnglishclass.
2.Theywillshowanewfilmnextweek.
3.Whendidtheybuildthehouse?
4.Isawtheboyentertheroom.
5.Willtheyshowanewfilmnextweek?
6.Havetheypostedtheletteryet?
7.Weoftenseehimhelphisclassmate.
8.Youmustturnoffthelightbeforeyougotobed
9.Whoisrepairingthebike?
10.Thestudentshouldlearnallthetextsbyheart.
二.选择填空:
()1.Thereadingroom____yesterdayafternoon.
A.cleanedB.iscleanedC.wascleaningD.wascleaned
()2.Theworkersweremade____tenhoursaday.
A.workB.toworkC.workingD.worked
()3.Food____inacoolplaceinsummer.
A.mustkeepB.mustn’tkeep
C.mustbekeptD.mustn’tbekept
()4.Hisfather____toworkinHongKong3yearsago.
A.sentB.wassentC.hassentD.hasbeensent
()5.Thepen____well.
A.writesB.iswrittenC.waswrittenD.writing
()6.Greatchanges____inthetownsince1988.
A.havetakenplaceB.havebeentakenplace
C.hastakenplaceD.hasbeentakenplace
()7.Ourcompositionsmust____nextMonday.
A.behandinB.behandedinC.handedinD.behandingin
()8.Thechildwill____backtohisparentsnextmonth.
A.sentB.sendC.besentD.besending
()9.____hiswork____yet?
A.Have;beenfinishedB.Has;beenfinished
C.Has;finishedD.Have;finished
()10.Theclassroom____now
A.iscleaningB.isbeingcleaning
C.isbeingcleanedD.iscleaned
被动语态练习二(中考版)
选择填空:
()1.HongKong____tobeagoodplaceforeatingtoday.
A.knowsB.knewC.isknownD.wasknown
()2.Theletter____French.Ican’treadit.
A.wroteinB.iswritteninC.wroteonD.iswrittenon
()3.--Doyouplanttreesinspring?
--Yes,Manytrees____inourcityeveryyear.
A.areplantingB.areplantedC.wereplanted
()4.Whenyouleavetheroom,makesurethedoor____.
A.waslockedB.islocked
C.willbelockedD.shouldbelocked
()5.AsChinagrowsstrongerandstronger,Chinese____inmoreandmore
schoolsoutofourcountry.
A.teachesB.istaughtC.hastaughtD.wastaught
()6.BaJin,oneofthegreatestwritersinChina,____as“People’swriter”.
A.isregardedB.hasregardedC.isregardingD.regards
()7.--Iwanttobeadoctor.
--Doctors___greatlyineverypartoftheworld,Ithink.
A.needB.areneededC.areneedingD.willneed
()8.PeopleinKorea____bowwhentheymeetforthefirsttime.
A.supposetoB.aresupposetoC.aresupposedto
()9.Theroad____lastyear.
A.buildsB.builtC.wasbuiltD.isbuilt
()10.Lastyear,LiHua,acollegestudent,____toworkfortheOlympicGames.
A.ischoosingB.ischosen
C.waschoosingD.waschosen
()11.We____toclosethewindowsbeforeweleftthelab.
A.tellB.toldC.aretoldD.weretold
()12.Thechildren____toswimlastmonthandtheycanswimverywellnow.
A.aretaughtB.weretaughtC.havetaughtD.taught
()13.Morethan100workers____fromtheWangjialingCoalMineinAprilthisyear.
A.issavedB.aresavedC.wassavedD.weresaved
()14.It’scommonknowledgethatblacktea____inChinamorethan600yearsago.
A.isinventedB.wasinvented
C.inventsD.invented
()15.--Ourenvironmentisgettingworsethanbefore.
--You’reright.ButthankstoEarthDay,peoplehavedonemoreandmoreusefulthingstoprotecttheearthsinceEarthDay____.A.isstartedB.wasstartedC.hasstarted
()16.Afterthehero’sstory____onCCTV,manypeoplearelearningfromhim.
A.reportsB.reportedC.wasreportingD.wasreported
()17.Canyoutellmewhomtheplay____in1998?
A.waswrittenbyB.waswritten
C.iswrittenbyD.iswritten
()18.LiuXiang____byhiscoachtotrainregularly.
A.advisedB.advisesC.wasadvisedD.beadvised
()19.Doyouknowwhenthebasketball___?
A.isinventedB.wasinvented
C.hasinventedD.hadinvented
()20.--Thoseeggsofdifferentcoloursareverybeautiful.
--Yes,they___inHangzhou.
A.paintedB.werepainting
C.werepaintedD.hadpainted
()21.I____togettherebeforeseventomorrow,soI’llhavetogetupearly.A.toldB.havetoldC.willtellD.wastold
()22.--Who’sthelittlebabyinthephoto,Susan?
--It’sme.Thisphoto____tenyearsago.
A.takesB.istakenC.tookD.wastaken
()23.Thesephotos___ontheGreatWallwhenIwenttoBeijinglastsummer.A.tookB.istakenC.wastakenD.weretaken
()24.--Whatareonshowinthemuseum?
--Somephotos____bythechildrenofYushu,Qinghai.
A.havebeentakenB.weretakenC.aretakenD.taken
()25.ADisneylandPark____inShanghaiPudongNewareainthefuture.
A.buildsB.hasbuiltC.willbuildD.willbebuilt
()26.The16thAsianGames____inGuangzhouinNovember,2010.
A.holdsB.willholdC.washeldD.willbeheld
()27.Noconclusion____beforewecompletethistest.
A.ismadeB.willbemadeC.hasmade
()28.--Doyouhaveanyproblemsifyou____thisjob?
--Well,I’mthinkingabouttheworkingday.
A.offerB.willoffer
C.areofferedD.willbeoffered
()29.Itissaidthatanewshoppingmall____inourcitynextyear.
A.willbebuiltB.hasbuiltC.willbuildD.hasbeenbuilt
()30.Itisreportedthatmorenewteachingbuildings____inourschoolinthenextterm.
A.willbebuiltB.wasbuiltC.hasbuiltD.willbuild
()31.ItisreportedthattheUndergroundLineNo.3____inourcityin2015.
A.willbuildB.hasbuiltC.willbebuiltD.hasbeenbuilt
()32.Mr.Greenisveryangrywithyou.Hesaysyou____awayifyou’relateagain.
A.arefiringB.hasbeenfired
C.aregoingtofireD.willbefired
()33.IfI____fiveminutes,I’llgeteverythingready.
A.willgiveB.begivenC.amgivenD.wasgiven
()34.Ifthequestion____incorrectly,____questionwillbegiventoyou.A.isanswered;otherB.answers;otherC.isanswered;anotherD.answers;another
()35.Iwon’tleavemyofficeuntilmywork____.
A.finishesB.willfinishC.isfinishedD.willbefinished
()36.--Iwon’t