被动语态小结及练习PETS.docx

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被动语态小结及练习PETS.docx

被动语态小结及练习PETS

被动语态小结及练习

(1)英语中有两种语态:

主动语态和被动语态。

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。

被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。

WestudyEnglish.(主语We是动作study的执行者,是主动语态。

Englishisstudiedbyus.(主语English是动作study的承受者,是被动语态。

(2)被动语态的构成

被动语态由“be+p.p.(及物动词的过去分词)”构成。

(谓语必须是及物动词,只有及物动词才有宾语,有宾语被动语态才有主语。

(3)主动语态变被动语态的方法

①把主动语态中的主语变为被动语态by的宾语。

②把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

③把主动语态的谓语按“be+p.p.”结构变成相应的被动形式。

WestudyEnglish.

Englishisstudiedbyus.

Theymakethebikesinthefactory.

Thebikesaremadebytheminthefactory.

Juliapaintedapicture.

ThepicturewaspaintedbyJulia.

(4)被动语态的用法

①不知道动作的执行者是谁。

ThiswatchismadeinChina.这个表是中国制造的。

②没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。

Moretreesmustbeplantedeveryyear.每年必须种很多树。

③需要强调或突出动作的承受者。

ThewindowwasbrokenbyMike.窗户是迈克打破的。

Chineseisspokenbymoreandmorepeopleintheworld.

世界上越来越多的人说汉语。

(强调汉语的使用广泛)

④动作的发出者不是人。

Manyhouseswerewashedawayintheflood.

在洪水中很多房子被冲走了。

(5)各种时态的被动语态即“be的各种时态的被动语态”。

现以build为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。

一般现在时:

am/is/are+p.p.ThebuildingisbuiltCBDoffice.

一般过去时:

was/were+p.p.Thebuildingwasbuiltin2010.

一般将来时:

will/shallbe+p.p.

am/is/aregoingto+be+p.p.

Thebuildingwillbebuiltnextyear.

Thebuildingisgoingtobebuiltnextyear.

现在进行时:

am/is/arebeing+p.p.Thebuildingisbeingbuiltnow.

现在完成时:

have/hasbeen+p.p.Thebuildinghasbeenbuiltsince2010.

含有情态动词被动语态:

情态动词+be+p.p.

Thestudentsmustn’tbegiventoomuchhomework.

禁止给学生留太多的作业。

(6)一些特殊结构的被动语态

①主动语态句中的谓语动词带有双宾语,即直接宾语和间接宾语时,转换方法有两种:

(a)把间接宾语转化为主语,保留直接宾语。

(b)把直接宾语转化为主语,保留间接宾语。

此时,一般需在间接宾语前加适当的介词to或for。

常与to搭配的动词有give,pass,show,bring,take,post等。

常与for搭配的动词有buy等。

Hegavemeabook.

间接宾语直接宾语

Iwasgivenabookbyhim.(间接宾语转化为主语)

Abookwasgiventomebyhim.(直接宾语abook转化为主语)

②主动语态中省略了的to,被动语态一定要加上to。

以下动词后接省略to的不定式作宾补

6个感官动词4个“看”seewatchnoticeobserve

1个“听”hear

1个“手摸”feel

3个“使,让”动词makehavelet

2个词组lookatlistento

1个“help”后可省可不省。

Weoftenhearagirlsinginthenextroom.

Thegirlisoftenheardtosinginthenextroom.

to千万不能省

③带复合宾语的动词变为被动语态

宾语加上宾补一起构成复合宾语。

变为被动语态时,只把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语,主动语态的宾补保留在原处,成为被动语态的主补。

Isawsomeboysplayingfootballontheplayground.

主动语态的宾补(现在分词)

Someboyswereseenplayingfootballontheplayground.

被动语态的主补(现在分词)

④短语动词变为被动语态

短语动词是一个不可分割的整体,在变为被动语态时,不可丢掉构成短语动词的介词或副词。

Weshouldtakegoodcareofthechildren.

Thechildrenshouldbetakengoodcareof.(of不能丢)

⑤主动结构表示被动意义

(a)sell,open,write,ride,wash,wear,read,lock,cut,burn等词作不及物动词时,他们的主语为物,可用主动语态表示被动意义。

Thebookssellwell.

Theshopopensfrom9a.m.to10p.m.

Thiskindofpenwrites/runsverysmoothly.(特指这种钢笔)

Thebikerideswell.

Thiskindofshirtswasheswellandwearslong.

(衬衫中的这种,主语是kind))

Thetelegramreadsasfollows.电文如下。

Doesthistrunklock?

折纸皮箱上着锁码?

Thedoorwon’tlock.这道门锁不上。

Theknifecutswell.这把刀好使。

Therazorwon’tcut.这把剃刀不好使。

Fairburns.火烧着了。

Drywoodburnseasily.干木易烧。

(b)以下按句型背

(ⅰ)look,sound,taste,smell,feel等系动词构成系表结构

Schooluniformslookgoodonus.

Itsoundsgood.

Ittastesnice.

Thecakesmellsdelicious.

Hishandsfeelcold./Silkfeelssoft.

(以被摸东西为主语,feel为系动词,意思是“东西摸上去有某种感觉”)

(ⅱ)beworthdoing中,doing表被动意义。

Thefilmisworthseeing.

Thebookisworthreading.

Theboyisn’tworthteaching.

(ⅲ)want/need/require+doing=want/need/requiretobedone

tobedone表示不定式的被动结构。

Mybikeneedsrepairing.=Mybikeneedstoberepaired.

注:

两个“发生”happen和takeplace无被动。

Whathappened?

What’shappening?

⑥被动语态和系表结构的区别

被动语态表动作,系表结构表状态。

Thewindowisbrokenbymybrother.(表动作)

Thewindowisbroken.(表状态)

Thisshopisclosedatnineo’clock.

Thisshopisclosedtoday.

 

被动语态练习一

一.把下列主动语态变为被动语态:

1.WeoftenusearecorderinourEnglishclass.

2.Theywillshowanewfilmnextweek.

3.Whendidtheybuildthehouse?

4.Isawtheboyentertheroom.

5.Willtheyshowanewfilmnextweek?

6.Havetheypostedtheletteryet?

7.Weoftenseehimhelphisclassmate.

8.Youmustturnoffthelightbeforeyougotobed

9.Whoisrepairingthebike?

10.Thestudentshouldlearnallthetextsbyheart.

二.选择填空:

()1.Thereadingroom____yesterdayafternoon.

A.cleanedB.iscleanedC.wascleaningD.wascleaned

()2.Theworkersweremade____tenhoursaday.

A.workB.toworkC.workingD.worked

()3.Food____inacoolplaceinsummer.

A.mustkeepB.mustn’tkeep

C.mustbekeptD.mustn’tbekept

()4.Hisfather____toworkinHongKong3yearsago.

A.sentB.wassentC.hassentD.hasbeensent

()5.Thepen____well.

A.writesB.iswrittenC.waswrittenD.writing

()6.Greatchanges____inthetownsince1988.

A.havetakenplaceB.havebeentakenplace

C.hastakenplaceD.hasbeentakenplace

()7.Ourcompositionsmust____nextMonday.

A.behandinB.behandedinC.handedinD.behandingin

()8.Thechildwill____backtohisparentsnextmonth.

A.sentB.sendC.besentD.besending

()9.____hiswork____yet?

A.Have;beenfinishedB.Has;beenfinished

C.Has;finishedD.Have;finished

()10.Theclassroom____now

A.iscleaningB.isbeingcleaning

C.isbeingcleanedD.iscleaned

被动语态练习二(中考版)

选择填空:

()1.HongKong____tobeagoodplaceforeatingtoday.

A.knowsB.knewC.isknownD.wasknown

()2.Theletter____French.Ican’treadit.

A.wroteinB.iswritteninC.wroteonD.iswrittenon

()3.--Doyouplanttreesinspring?

--Yes,Manytrees____inourcityeveryyear.

A.areplantingB.areplantedC.wereplanted

()4.Whenyouleavetheroom,makesurethedoor____.

A.waslockedB.islocked

C.willbelockedD.shouldbelocked

()5.AsChinagrowsstrongerandstronger,Chinese____inmoreandmore

schoolsoutofourcountry.

A.teachesB.istaughtC.hastaughtD.wastaught

()6.BaJin,oneofthegreatestwritersinChina,____as“People’swriter”.

A.isregardedB.hasregardedC.isregardingD.regards

()7.--Iwanttobeadoctor.

--Doctors___greatlyineverypartoftheworld,Ithink.

A.needB.areneededC.areneedingD.willneed

()8.PeopleinKorea____bowwhentheymeetforthefirsttime.

A.supposetoB.aresupposetoC.aresupposedto

()9.Theroad____lastyear.

A.buildsB.builtC.wasbuiltD.isbuilt

()10.Lastyear,LiHua,acollegestudent,____toworkfortheOlympicGames.

A.ischoosingB.ischosen

C.waschoosingD.waschosen

()11.We____toclosethewindowsbeforeweleftthelab.

A.tellB.toldC.aretoldD.weretold

()12.Thechildren____toswimlastmonthandtheycanswimverywellnow.

A.aretaughtB.weretaughtC.havetaughtD.taught

()13.Morethan100workers____fromtheWangjialingCoalMineinAprilthisyear.

A.issavedB.aresavedC.wassavedD.weresaved

()14.It’scommonknowledgethatblacktea____inChinamorethan600yearsago.

A.isinventedB.wasinvented

C.inventsD.invented

()15.--Ourenvironmentisgettingworsethanbefore.

--You’reright.ButthankstoEarthDay,peoplehavedonemoreandmoreusefulthingstoprotecttheearthsinceEarthDay____.A.isstartedB.wasstartedC.hasstarted

()16.Afterthehero’sstory____onCCTV,manypeoplearelearningfromhim.

A.reportsB.reportedC.wasreportingD.wasreported

()17.Canyoutellmewhomtheplay____in1998?

A.waswrittenbyB.waswritten

C.iswrittenbyD.iswritten

()18.LiuXiang____byhiscoachtotrainregularly.

A.advisedB.advisesC.wasadvisedD.beadvised

()19.Doyouknowwhenthebasketball___?

A.isinventedB.wasinvented

C.hasinventedD.hadinvented

()20.--Thoseeggsofdifferentcoloursareverybeautiful.

--Yes,they___inHangzhou.

A.paintedB.werepainting

C.werepaintedD.hadpainted

()21.I____togettherebeforeseventomorrow,soI’llhavetogetupearly.A.toldB.havetoldC.willtellD.wastold

()22.--Who’sthelittlebabyinthephoto,Susan?

--It’sme.Thisphoto____tenyearsago.

A.takesB.istakenC.tookD.wastaken

()23.Thesephotos___ontheGreatWallwhenIwenttoBeijinglastsummer.A.tookB.istakenC.wastakenD.weretaken

()24.--Whatareonshowinthemuseum?

--Somephotos____bythechildrenofYushu,Qinghai.

A.havebeentakenB.weretakenC.aretakenD.taken

()25.ADisneylandPark____inShanghaiPudongNewareainthefuture.

A.buildsB.hasbuiltC.willbuildD.willbebuilt

()26.The16thAsianGames____inGuangzhouinNovember,2010.

A.holdsB.willholdC.washeldD.willbeheld

()27.Noconclusion____beforewecompletethistest.

A.ismadeB.willbemadeC.hasmade

()28.--Doyouhaveanyproblemsifyou____thisjob?

--Well,I’mthinkingabouttheworkingday.

A.offerB.willoffer

C.areofferedD.willbeoffered

()29.Itissaidthatanewshoppingmall____inourcitynextyear.

A.willbebuiltB.hasbuiltC.willbuildD.hasbeenbuilt

()30.Itisreportedthatmorenewteachingbuildings____inourschoolinthenextterm.

A.willbebuiltB.wasbuiltC.hasbuiltD.willbuild

()31.ItisreportedthattheUndergroundLineNo.3____inourcityin2015.

A.willbuildB.hasbuiltC.willbebuiltD.hasbeenbuilt

()32.Mr.Greenisveryangrywithyou.Hesaysyou____awayifyou’relateagain.

A.arefiringB.hasbeenfired

C.aregoingtofireD.willbefired

()33.IfI____fiveminutes,I’llgeteverythingready.

A.willgiveB.begivenC.amgivenD.wasgiven

()34.Ifthequestion____incorrectly,____questionwillbegiventoyou.A.isanswered;otherB.answers;otherC.isanswered;anotherD.answers;another

()35.Iwon’tleavemyofficeuntilmywork____.

A.finishesB.willfinishC.isfinishedD.willbefinished

()36.--Iwon’t

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