物流专业英语中英文.docx
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物流专业英语中英文
Chapter1
Logisticsandcompetitivestrategy
Highlightstheprinciplesofcompetitivestrategyandthepursuitofdifferentiationthroughthedevelopmentofproductivityandvalueadvantage.
强调竞争策略的原则,说明应通过发展生产力和价值优势来追求产品差异化。
ThedefinitionofLogisticsmanagement(物流管理定义)
Logisticsistheprocessofstrategicallymanagingtheprocurement,movementandstorageofmaterials,partsandfinishedinventory(andtherelatedinformationflows)throughtheorganizationanditsmarketingchannelsinsuchawaythatcurrentandfutureprofitabilityaremaximizedthroughthecost-effectivefulfillmentoforders.
物流是一个过程,它对企业及其所有营销渠道,从战略的角度管理原材料、零部件和最终库存品(包括相关信息流)的采购、流通和存储,以低成本完成订单,从而实现当前和未来的收益最大化
advantage
What’sthebasicsuccessfulfactorsinthemarketplace(成功三要素)
itisthe“ThreeC’S”:
TheCompany
It’sCustomers
It’sCompetitors
What’sthesourceofcompetitiveadvantage(竞争优势)
Thesourceofcompetitiveadvantageisfoundfirstlyintheabilityoftheorganizationtodifferentiateitself,intheeyesofthecustomers,fromitscompetitionandsecondlybyoperatingatalowercostandhenceatgreaterprofit.
竞争优势首先源于企业标新立异的能力,企业只有自身与众不同,才能在客户眼中脱颖而出;其次,竞争优势源于比竞争对手更低的运营成本及因此获得的高利润。
Twovectorsofcompetitiveadvantage(两大优势)
1.Productivityadvantage
Inmanyindustriestherewilltypicallybeonecompetitorwhowillbethelowcostproducerand,thatcompetitorwillhavethegreatestsalesvolumeinthesector.
任何行业中都有制造成本低廉的竞争者,这些竞争者通常也在该领域有着最大销量。
当提到成本优势时就会提到“规模
2Valueadvantage
Anaxiom:
Customersdon’tbuyproducts,theybuybenefits.消费者不是购买产品,而是购买利益。
Itmeans:
Theproductispurchasednotforitselfbutforthepromiseofwhatitwill‘deliver’.产品被购买不是因为产品本身,而是因为它所提供的利益
Bytraditionviewpoint,howtogaincoatreduction(降低成本)
Traditionally,ithasbeensuggestedthatthemainroutetocostreductionwasbygaininggreatersalesvolumeandtherecanbenodoubtaboutthecloselinkagebetweenrelativemarketshareandrelativecosts.
HoweveritmustalsoberecognizedthatLogisticsmanagementcanprovideamultitudeofwaystoincreaseefficiencyandproductivityandhencecontributesignificantlytoreducedunitcosts
在提高效益和生产力、降低单位成本上,物流管理能够提供更多的方法。
Whydocompaniesseektoaddadditionalvalues(附加价值)
Unlesstheproductorservicecanbedistinguishedinsomewayfromitscompetitorsthereisastronglikelihoodthatthemarketplacewillviewitasa‘commodity’andsothesalewilltendtogotothecheapestsupplier.Socompaniesmustseektoaddadditionalvaluestotheirofferingtomarkitoutfromthecompetition.
Addingvaluethroughdifferentiationisapowerfulmeansofachievingadefensibleadvantageinthemarket.
要想在市场中成功获得对手无法轻松赶超的优势,就得考虑通过差异性提高价值。
Howtoachieveacostadvantage(如何获得成本优势)
Anincreasinglypowerfulroutetoachievingacostadvantagecomesnottonecessarilythroughvolumeandtheeconomiesofscalebutinsteadthroughlogisticsmanagement
依靠销量和经济规模来取得成本优势变得越发无效,取而代之的是依靠物流管理。
competitiveadvantagethroughlogistics
Logisticsmanagementhasthepotentialtoassisttheorganizationintheachievementofbothacost/productivityadvantageandavalueadvantage(seefigure).物流管理能帮助企业在成本和价值两方面同时取得优势。
Theunderlyingphilosophybehindthelogisticsconceptisthatofplanningandco-ordinatingthematerialsflowfromsourcetouserasanintegratedsystemratherthan,aswassooftenthecaseinthepast,managingthegoodsflowasaseriesofindependentactivities
(物流概念中有这样一个内在的原理):
应该把从原料到客户的物料流通,作为一体化的系统进行计划和协调,而不要像过去那样将管理物料流通作为一系列独立的活动。
Thusunderalogisticsmanagementregimethegoalistolinkthemarketplace,thedistributionnetwork,themanufacturingprocessandtheprocurementactivityinsuchawaythatcustomersareservicedatahigherlevelandyetatalowercost.
Inotherwordstoachievethegoalofcompetitiveadvantagethroughbothcostreductionandserviceenhancement.
加强营销、网络系统配送、制造过程、采购活动的联系,以更低的成本实现更优质的服务。
missionoflogisticsmanagement
Themissionoflogisticsmanagementistoplanandco-ordinateallactivitiesnecessarytoachievedesiredlevelsofdeliveredserviceandqualityatlowestpossiblecost.
物流管理的使命是计划和协调所有必要活动,以便在达到期望的服务水平和产品质量的同时,尽可能降低成本
在传统企业中,营销和制造活动的关系如何应如何改善(P13)
Marketingrecognition
Marketingasaconceptandphilosophyofcustomerorientationnowenjoysawideracceptancethaneverinthewesternworld.
Itisnowgenerallyacceptedthattheneedtounderstandandmeetcustomerrequirementisaprerequisiteforsurvival.
Manufacturingrecognition
Atthesametime,inthesearchforimprovedcostcompetitiveness,manufacturingmanagementhasbeenthesubjectofamassiverenaissance.
NewideasFMSandnewinventoryapproachessuchas,JIT,MRPhavebeenintroduced.
Procurementrecognition
Equallytherehasbeenagrowingrecognitionofthecriticalrolethatprocurementplaysincreatingandsustainingcompetitiveadvantageaspartofanintegratedlogisticsprocess.
作为一体化物流的一部分,在创造和维持竞争优势上,采购扮演着日趋重要的角色
Inthisschemeofthings,logisticsisthereforeessentiallyanintegrativeconceptthatseekstodevelopasystem-wideviewofthefirm.
因此,从本质上讲,物流管理就是一体化的概念,这一概念要求从系统的角度审视企业。
5.Thesupplychainandcompetitiveperformance
(供应链定义)Thesupplychainisthenetworkoforganizationsthatareinvolved,throughupstreamanddownstreamlinkages,inthedifferentprocessesandactivitiesthatproducevalueintheformofproductsandservicesinthehandsoftheultimateconsumer.
供应链是相互关联的企业形成的网络,要求位于上下游的企业间相互联系,在不同进程和活动中以产品或服务的形式创造对客户有用的价值。
Logisticsisessentiallyaplanningorientationandframeworkthatseekstocreateasingleplanfortheflowofproductandinformationthroughabusiness.
Supplychainmanagementbuildsupontheframeworkandseekstoachievelinkageandco-ordinationbetweenprocessesofotherentitiesinthepipeline,.suppliersandcustomers,andtheorganizationitself.
供应链管理给出这个框架,并在整个链条的各环节之间实现无缝连接与合作,如在供应商、客户及组织自身之间。
ThedefinitionofSCM(SCM定义)
Themanagementofupstreamanddownstreamrelationshipswithsuppliersandcustomerstodeliversuperiorcustomervalueatlesscosttothesupplychainasawhole.
供应链管理是从供应链整体出发,管理上游供应商和下游客户,以更低的成本传递给客户更多的价值。
Thusthefocusofsupplychainmanagementisuponthemanagementorrelationshipsinordertoachieveamoreprofitableoutcomeforallpartiesinthechain.
TheextendingdefinitionofSCM(扩展的SCM定义)
Anetworkofconnectedandinterdependentorganizationsmutuallyandco-operativelyworkingtogethertocontrol,manageandimprovetheflowofmaterialsandinformationfromsupplierstoendusers.
供应链是个由相互联系、相互依靠的组织构成的网络,这些组织相互合作、共同经营,控制、管理并改进从供应商到客户的物料流和信息流
changinglogisticsenvironment
Timecompression
Oneofthemostvisiblefeaturesofrecentyearshasbeenthewayinwhichtimehasbecomeacriticalissueinmanagement.
Anewandfundamentallydifferentapproachtothemanagementoflogisticsleadtimesisrequired.
Globalizationofindustry(全球化企业)
Aglobalcompanyismorethanamultinationalcompany.Intheglobalbusinessmaterialsandcomponentsaresourcedworldwide,manufacturedoffshoreandsoldinmanydifferentcountriesperhapswithlocalcustomization.
全球化企业不仅仅是跨国公司,它在全球范围内购买原材料和组件,在沿海制造产品,在不同的国家销售,可能也要考虑地方用户特色。
Onecapabilitythatisnowregardedbymanycompaniesasfundamentaltosuccessinthemarketplaceisthemanagementofinboundandoutboundlogistics.
有一种能力现已被大多数公司视为市场中获胜的基础,那就是对企业进向和去向物流的管理。
Thethreekeyissuesofmanaginglogistics(物流管理三个问题)
Responsiveness
Intoday’smarkets,thesupplierhastobeabletomeetthepreciseneedsofcustomersinlesstimethaneverbefore.
Thekeywordinthischangedenvironmentisagility.
可靠性只能依靠重新设计那些影响操作的过程来获得。
提高物流可靠性的要点之一是提高供应链可视性。
Relationships
Moreandmorecompaniesarediscoveringtheadvantagesthatcanbegainedbyseekingmutuallybeneficial,long-termrelationshipswithsuppliers.
Relationshipisonethatwillhavetoprevailinthefutureassupplychaincompetitionbecomesthenorm.
越来越多的企业发现,竞争优势可以来自一种双赢的模式,即同供应商建立长期合作的良好关系。
相互依存是一种未来必将盛行的模式,尤其是当供应链竞争成为了标准的竞争模式时。
Chapter2
Thecustomerservicedimension
marketingandlogisticsinterface市场营销和物流相互关联
Whatarethetwofactorswhichcontributedmosttothegrowingimportanceofcustomerservice
Twofactorstothegrowingimportanceofcustomerservice:
continualdevelopmentofcustomerexpectations.
slowbutinexorabletransitiontowards‘commodity’typemarkets.
持续上涨的客户期望。
向“无差异商品”市场的过渡,这是一个缓慢却不可避免的过程
iscustomerservice
客户服务可以从三个方面来检查:
LaLondeandZinszersuggestedthatcustomerservicecouldbeexaminedunderthreeheadings:
elements交易前要素
elements交易中要素
elements交易后要素
Whyisitessentialforanybusinesstohaveaclearlyidentifiedpolicytowardscustomerservice
ItisbecauseofthemultivariatenatureOfcustomerserviceandbecauseofThewidelydifferingrequirementsofSpecificmarkets.
正是因为客户服务的多样性,以及具体市场上宽泛并且变化多端的需求,使得拥有一套明确的客户服务策略对每个企业的意义不言而喻。
serviceandcustomerretention
Lifetimevalue
Theimportanceofcustomerretentionis
underlinedbytheconceptofthe‘lifetime
value’ofacustomer.
Lifetimevalue=Averagetransactionvalue×yearlyfrequencyofpurchase
×customer‘lifeexpectancy’
客户保持的重要性可以通过客户“终身价值”的概念体现出来。
Howtomeasurecustomerretention
Asimplemeasureofcustomerretentionistoaskthequestion:
’howmanyofthecustomersthatwehad12monthsagodowestillhavetoday’
logisticssystems
Theroleoflogisticscanbeseenasthedevelopmentofsystemsandthesupporting
co-ordinationprocesstoensurethatcustomerservicegoalsaremet.
Thisistheideaoftheservice-drivenlogisticssystem——asystemthatisdesignedtomeetdefinedservicegoals.
Identifyingcustomer’serviceneeds
1.Identifythekeycomponentsofcustomerserviceasseenbycustomersthemselves.
2.Est