中央广播电视大学学位英语复习真题XXXX11B卷.docx
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中央广播电视大学学位英语复习真题XXXX11B卷
PartIReadingComprehension(30%)
Directions:
Therearethreepassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandblackenthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.
Passage1
Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
Breastfeeding(母乳喂养)foramonthorlongerappearstoreduceawoman'sriskofgettingdiabetes(糖病)laterinlife,accordingtoanewstudy.Thebreastfeedinganddiabeteslinkhasbeenreportedinotherstudies,accordingtoresearcherEleanorSchwarz.Yet,herstudymakesthelinkeasiertobelieve.HerstudyispublishedinajournalofmedicineinAmerica.Schwarzandhercolleagueslookedatdataaboutbreastfeedingpractices.Theyevaluateddataon2,233womenf~omCalifomia.Ofthose,405werenotmothers,1,125weremotherswhobreastfedforatleastamonth,and703weremotherswhohadneverbreastfed.Theywere40to78yearsold.
AccordingtoSchwarz'sstudy,theriskofgettingadiagnosis(诊断)ofType2diabetesforwomenwhobreastfedalltheirchildrenforamonthorlongerwassimilartothatofwomenwhohadnotgivenbirth.Butmotherswhohadneverbreastfedwerenearlytwiceaslikelytodevelopdiabetesaswomenwhohadnevergivenbirth.Motherswhoneverbreastfedwereabout1.4timesaslikelytodevelopdiabetesaswomenwhobreastfedforonetothreemonths,Schwarzfound.
Whileonemonthofbreastfeedingappearstomakeadifference,Schwarzsays,evenlongerisbetter.(76)“Previousstudieshaveshownthelongerthemombreastfeeds,themorebenefitforherbody.”Manyexpertsrecommendbreastfeedingforsixmonthsandcontinuingforayear,shesays.
Thediabetes-breastfeedinglinkisprobablyexplainedbybellyfat.Mothers,whodon'tbreastfeed,astheygetolder,mayhavemorebellyfat,asbreastfeedinghelpsnewmotherstakeoffweight.“Bellyfatincreasestheriskofdiabetesasyougetolder,”shesays.
Thefindingisn'tsurprisingatall,saysKimberlyGregory.Sheoftengivesadvicetowomenwhogetdiabetes(occurringduringpregnancy(怀孕))thattheyareatriskforlatergettingType2diabetesandsuggeststheybreastfeed.ThenewfindingswillprobablyinspireGregorytoaddtothe-adviceshegivesmoms-to-beaboutthebenefitsofbreastfeeding.Sheoftenfocusesonthebenefitstothebaby.
1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?
A.Abouttwothousandandtwohundredoldwomentookpartinthestudy.
B.EleanorSchwarz'sresearchprogramwasaboutmenandwomenwhosufferedfromdiabetes.
C.Overonefifthsofthewomennevergotmarried.
D.EleanorSchwarz'sresultsseemmorereliable.
2.AccordingtoSchwarz'sfindings,whoaremorelikelytogetdiabeteslaterinlife?
A.Thosemotherswhohadneverbreastfed.
B.Thosemotherswhonevergavebirth.
C.Thosemotherswhobreastfedforamonth.
D.Thosemotherswhobreastfedforsixmonths.
3.WhichofthefollowingstatementswouldSchwarzagreewith?
A.Breastfeedingisnotadvisablebecauseitisnotgoodforamomtokeepagoodshape.
B.Breastfeedingcangreatlyreduceamother'schancesofgettingallkindsofseriousdisease.
C.Breastfeedingforamonthishighlyrecommended:
thelonger,thebetter.
D.Breastfeedingforamonthorlongermakesbabiessmarter.
4.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“moms-to-be”inthelastparagraph?
A.Womenwhoarepregnant,especiallyforthefirsttime.
B.Womenwhodreamofhavingbabiesforthefirsttime.
C.Womenwhoalreadyhavechildren.
D.Womenwhohavejustgotbabiesforthefirsttime.
5.Whichofthefollowingisanappropriatetitleforthispassage?
A.BreasffeedingMayEnhanceBabies'ChancesofSurvival
B.BreasffeedingMayLowerMoms'DiabetesRisk
C.BreasffeedingMayBecomeVeryFashioaableinNearFuture
D.BreasffeedingMayHelpWomenLoseWeight
Passage2
Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
Archaeology,likemanyacademicwords,comesfromGreekandmeans,moreorless,“thestudyofoldthings”.So,itisreallyapartofthestudyofhistory.However,mosthistoriansusepaperevidence,suchasletters,paintingsandphotographs,butarchaeologists(考古学家)learnfromtheobjectsleftbehindbythehumansoflongago.Normally,thesearethehardmaterialsthatdon'tbreakdownordisappearveryquickly—thingslikehumanbonesandobjectsmadefromstoneandmetal.
Itisveryunusualtofindanythingmorethanthehardevidenceofhistory--normally,thebacteria(细菌)intheaireatawayatsoftmaterials,likebodies,clothesandthingsmadeofwood.Occasionally,thingsaredifferent.
In1984,twomenmadeanamazingdiscoverywhileworkinginabogcalledLindowMoss,inthenorthofEngland.Abogisaverywetareaofearth,withalotofplantsgrowinginit.Itcanbelikeaverybigandverythickvegetablesoup—walkinthewrongplaceandyoucansinkanddisappearforever.Themenwereworkingwhenoneofthemsawsomethingstickingout—ahumanfoot!
Naturally,themencalledthepolice,whothenfoundtherestofthebody.Wasitacaseofmurder?
Possibly--butitwasadeathnearlytwothousandyearsold.ThetwomenhadfoundabodyfromthetimeoftheRomaninvasionofBritain.Despitebeingsoold,thisbodyhadskin,muscles,hairandinternalorgans—thescientistswhoexaminedhimwereabletolookinsidetheman'sstomachandfindthefoodthathehadeatenforhislastmeal!
Whywasthismansowellpreserved?
(77)Itwasbecausehewasinaverywateryenvironment,safefi:
omthebacteriathatneedoxygentolive.Also,thewaterinthebogwasveryacidic.Theacidpreservedtheman'sskininthewaythatanimalskinispreservedforleathercoatsandshoes.
Howdidhedie?
Understandably,archaeologistsandotherscientistswantedtoknowmoreaboutthepersonthattheycalled,“LindowMan”.(78)Hishandsandfingernailssuggestedthathehadn'tdoneheavymanualworkinhislife—hecouldhavebeenarichman.Theyfoundthathehadn'tdiedbyaccident.Thearchaeologistsbelievethathewassacrificedtothreedifferentgods.
6.Whichlanguagedoestheword“archaeology”comefrom?
A.French.B.Greek.C.Roman.D.German.
7.Theword“these”inthefirstparagraphrefersto_______.
A.lettersB.photographsC.paintingsD.objects
8.Whichofthefollowinghelpedtopreserve“LindowMan”?
A.IceandIowtemperature.B.Bacteriaandoxygen.
C.Soilandenergy.D.Acidandwater.
9.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?
A.“LindowMan”wasnamedafterthepersonwhofirstfoundhim.
B.Historiansusuallyusepaperevidence,whilearchaeologistsusehardevidence.
C.“LindowMan”wasfoundbytwoarchaeologistsinthesouthofEngland.
D.“LindowMan”wasgoodatmanualwork.
10.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?
A.WhatIsArchaeology?
B.ArchaeologyandHistory
C.AnAmazingArchaeologicalDiscovery
D.TheDeathof“LindowMan”
Passage3
Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
Thecityhasalwaysbeenanengineofintellectuallife,fromthe18th-centurycafesofLondon,wherecitizensgatheredtodiscusschemistryandpolitics,totheLeftBankbarsofmodernParis,wherePicassotalkedaboutmodemart.Withoutthemetropolis,wemightnothavehadthegreatartofShakespeare.
Andyet,citylifeisn'teasy.Nowscientistshavebeguntoexaminehowthecityaffectsthebrain,andtheresultsaredepressing.Justbeinginanurbanenvironment,theyhavefound,impairs(损害)ourbasicmentalprocesses.(79)Afterspendingafewminutesonacrowdedcitystreet,thebrainislessabletoholdthingsinmemory,andsuffersfromreducedself-control.Whileit'slongbeenrecognizedthatcitylifeisexhausting,thisnewresearchsuggeststhatcitiesactuallydullourthinking,sometimesdramaticallyso.
Oneofthemainforcesatworkisacompletelackofnature,whichissurprisinglybeneficialforthebrain.Studieshavedemonstrated,forinstance,thathospitalpatientsrecovermorequicklywhentheycanseetreesfromtheirwindows,andthatwomenlivinginpublichousingarebetterabletofocuswhentheirapartmentsoverlookalawn.Eventheseglimpsesofnatureimprovebrainperformance,itseems,becausetheyprovideamentalbreakfromtheurbanlife.
Thisresearcharrivesjustashumanscrossanimportantmilestone(里程碑).Forthefirsttimeinhistory,themajorityofpeopleliveincities.Insteadofinhabitingwide-openspaces,we'recrowdedintoconcretejungles,surroundedbytrafficandmillionsofStrangers.Inrecentyears,it'sbecomeclearthatsuchunnaturalsurroundingshaveimportantimplicationsforourmentalandphysicalhealth,andcanpowerfullyalterhowwethink.
Thisresearchisalsoleadingsomescientiststodabble(涉足)inurbandesign,astheylookforwaystomakethecitylessdamagingtothebrain.(80)Thegoodnewsisthatevenslightalterations,suchasplantingmoretreesintheinnercityorcreatingurbanparkswithagreatervarietyofplants,cansignificantlyreducethenegativesideeffectsofcitylife.Themindneedsnature,andevenalittlebitcanbeabighelp.
11.Whichofthefollowingisthemainideaofthispassage?
A.Thecityinspirestalentedpeople.
B.Thecityhurtsyourbrain.
C.Thecityhasmanypleasuresandbenefits.
D.Thecityseriouslyaffectsthenaturalbalance.
12.Theword“metropolis”inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto_______.
A.citizenB.natureC.cityD.stress
13.Peoplehavejustcometorealizethat_______.
A.humanattentionisa