高中英语基础语法复习冠词.docx
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高中英语基础语法复习冠词
语法复习十七:
冠词
（一考纲要求
考纲规定,冠词考查基本用法,包括定冠词与不定冠词,不定冠词a与an的区别;不用冠词的情况;习语中的冠词;特指与泛指等。
（二命题导向
冠词规则的灵活运用是高考命题的一个热点,几乎每年高考题的单项选择或完形填空都有涉及冠词的题目,不定冠词和定冠词的一些特殊用法,习惯用法及不用冠词的情况是高考重点考查的知识点。
（三基本用法
当代语法把冠词分为不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词（即不用冠词三种。
冠词是一种虚词,起限定作用,是最主要最典型的限定词,放在名词（或名词化的形容词分词前面,说明其所指的人或物。
1、定冠词的基本用法:
①表示上文提到过的人或事物。
如:
Ihaveboughtabook.Thebookisveryuseful.
②用于说话人与听话人心中都有数的人或事物。
如:
Closethewindow,please.
③用于表示世界上独一无二的事物前。
如:
thesun,themoon,theearth,theworld等。
④用于表示方位的名词之前。
如:
theeast,theright.
⑤用于序数词或形容词的最高级之前。
如:
thefirst,thetallest.
⑥用于形容词之前,使其名词化。
如:
thesick,thewounded.
⑦用于由普通名词构成的专有名词之前。
如:
theUnitedStates,theUnitedNation.
⑧用于江河、海洋、海峡、山脉、群岛、建筑物等的名词之前。
如:
theChangjiangRiver,theEastLake.
⑨用于复数姓氏之前,表示“夫妇”或“全家”。
如:
TheSmiths
⑩用于乐器的名词前。
如:
playthepiano;playtheviolin.
⑾发明物。
如:
ThecompasswasinventedinChina.
⑿年代名词前。
如:
Helivedinthecountrysideinthe1970s.
⒀固定词组中。
如:
inthemorning（afternoon,evening,ontheotherhand,atthesametime2、不定冠词的基本用法:
①泛指一个。
如:
Thereisabookonthetable.
②指人或事物的某一种类。
如:
Hisfatherisadriver.Longjingisawonderfultea.
③指某一个人或事物,但不具体说明。
如:
MysisterwassavedbyaPLAmaninthefire.④用于某一些表示重量、长度、时间等单位前,表示“每一”。
如:
Wehavemealsthreetimesaday.（我们一天吃三餐。
⑤表示同样的。
如:
Theyareofanage.（他们是同岁。
⑥表数量,相当于one,但语意较弱。
如:
Thereisapenandtwobooksonthedesk.
⑦使抽象名词具体化。
如:
Thelittlegirlisahelptohermother.（ahand译"帮手"
⑧固定搭配。
如:
asamatteroffact,inahurry,inaword
3、不用冠词的情况:
①表示总称的复数名词之前。
如:
Childrenlovecartoons.（儿童喜欢卡通影片。
②不含普通名词的专有名词前。
如:
WearestudyingEnglish.
③名词前有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时。
如:
Ilikethispicture;Idonothaveanymoney;Astimewenton,Einstein’stheoryprovedtobecorrect.
④季节、月份、星期等名词前,一般不用冠词。
如:
Shelikesspringmost.
⑤呼语前不用冠词。
如:
WhatshallIdonext,Mother?
⑥三餐饭前不用冠词。
如:
Whatdidyouhaveforlunch?
⑦节假日前不用冠词。
如:
PeoplegivegiftstoeachotheronChristmasDay.
⑧球类和棋类运动的名称前不用冠词。
如:
Sheisfondofplayingbasketball.
⑨在一些成对出现的短语中不用冠词。
如:
arminarm（手挽手;handinhand（手牵手;sidebyside（肩对肩;dayandday（日日夜夜;youngandold（老老少少;fromdoortodoor（挨门挨户;frombeginningtoend（从头到尾;frommorningtillnight（从早到晚等。
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练习（一、冠词
1.InAmerica,____caris____popularmeansoftransportation（交通设施.
A.the,theB.a,theC.the,/D.the,a
2.----Whathappened?
----Theyleftinsuch____hurrythattheyforgottolock____door.A.a,aB.a,theC./,theD./,a
3.Thereweretwosmallroomsinthehouse,____smallerofwhichservedas____kitchen.
A.a,theB.the,aC.the,theD.a,a
4.Iordered____booksometimeago.____bookhasarrived.
A.a,TheB.the,AC.a,AD./,The
5.MrSmithis____Europeanandhiswifeis____American.
A.an,anB.a,aC.a,anD.an,a
6.Lesson10is____mostdifficultlesson,butitisn’t____mostdifficultlessoninBookOne.
A.a,aB.a,theC.the,theD.the,a
7.Mysisterworksinafactory.Shegoeshomeonce____month.A.aB.anC.theD.every
8.Hewasabsentbecausehehadcaught____.
A.heavyacoldB.theheavycoldC.aheavycoldD.heavycold
9.____wateris____liquid.A.The,aB.A,aC./,/D./,a
10.Inwinter____peopleoftenhangupwetclothesnear____fire.
A./,/B.a,aC./,aD.the,a
11.Hehastriedtwice,andthecaptainaskshimtohave____thirdtry.
A.aB.theC.anotherD.other
12.Hewasatopstudentintheclass,heoftengot____inEnglish.
A.firstB.afirstC.secondD.thesecond
13.____horseis____usefulanimal.A.The,theB.The,aC.The,anD./,a14.TomleftShanghaiin____.
A.thesummer1995B.summer1995C.1995thesummerD.thesummerof199515.____childrenherelive____mosthappylife.A.The,theB.The,aC.The,/D./,the16.Thesoldierdiedduring____WorldWarI.A.theB.thefirstC./D.a
17.In____MarxbegantolearnRussian.
A.a1870B.1870sC.theyearof1870D.the1870s
18.Aliceis____ofthetwogirls.A.tallerB.thetallC.moretallD.thetaller19.----Canyoursisterplay____?
----No,butshecanplay____.
A.thetennis,thepianoB.tennis,pianoC.thetennis,pianoD.tennis,thepiano
20.Theintroductionisalwaysin____ofabook.
A.frontB.thefrontC.afrontD.instead
21.Shetouchedherdaughtergently____shoulder.
A.inherB.onherC.intheD.onthe
22.Both____woundedand____sickweresenttosafety.
A./,/B.the,theC./,theD.the,/
23.____doctorsand____nursesshouldcarefortheirpatients.
A.The,theB./,/C.The,/D./,the
24.Tellusthestoryas____Mothertoldyou.A.aB.theC.anD./
25.Doyouknowhowlong____haslivedontheearth?
A.manB.themanC.amanD.men
26.Themanwasoncethrowninto____prisonforrobbingthebank.A.aB.anC.theD./27.____MountTaiisintheeastofChina.A.AB.TheC./D.That
28.Ilike____history.Iamstudying____historyofChina.
A.the,/B./,theC.a,/D./,a
29.Hewrotealetter____pencil.A.withB.inC.inaD.usea
30.OnOctober1,theChinesepeoplecelebrated____withnewachievementsandvictories.
A.NationalDayB.theNationalDayC.ourNationalDayD.aNationalDay
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练习（二、冠词
1.---Youmeanyouknowtheman?
---Iknow________manexactlylikehim.
A.otherB.theC./D.a
2.Wouldn'titbe_________wonderfulworldifallnationslivein________peacewithoneanother?
A.a,/B.the,/C.a,theD.the,the
3.---Ihearthatasmanyas1,500peoplewerekilledintheearthquake.
---Yes,________newscameas________shocktous.
A.a,aB.the,aC./,/D./,a
4.Atmidnighttheyreached________smallvillage________eastof______EverwhiteMountain.A.a,/,theB.a,/,/C.the,the,theD.the,an,an
5.Nanjinglieson________ChangjiangRiverandhas________populationofmorethanfourmillion.A.the,theB.the,/C.the,aD./,a
6.BillClintontook________officeonJanuary20th,1993andleft________officeonJanuary20th,2001.
A./,/B.his,hisC.the,theD.an,his
7.Welearntogoallouttoworkfor____goodof____society.
A.the,/B./,/C./,aD.the,the
8.Parisis____mostbeautifulcity,whereyoucansee____famousEiffelTower.
A.a,theB.a,/C.the,aD.the,the
9.---Whatabout____bike?
---Doyouthinkitallrighttobuyhim____bikeas____birthdaypresent?
A.the,the,theB.a,the,aC.the,a,theD.the,the,a
10.Hehaddecidedtogiveitup,buton____secondthoughtshedecidedtotry____thirdtime.A.the,aB./,/C.a,aD./,a
11.Towards____morning,____heavyrainbegantofall.
A.the,aB.a,aC.the,/D.the,/
12.---Excuseme,whereare____booksforbiology?
---Followme.They'reonthisshelf.Doyouwant____neworusedbook?
A.a,aB.a,theC.the,aD.the,the
13.Youngasheis,Davidhasgained____richexperiencein____society.
A./,/B.the,theC.a,/D./,the
14.---Mysonislost.Didyouseeaboypassingby?
---Isaw____boyhiddenbehind____treeoverthere.Youmaygoandhavealook.
A.a,aB.the,theC.a,theD.the,a
15.Maryclimbedtothetopofthemountainin____hurry,lookeddownandfoundin____surprisethat____wholetowntookonanewlook.
A.a,the,theB.a,/,theC./,/,theD./,/,a
16.In____oldsocietymanyyoungwomendiedbysocuriousandcruel____custom.
A.an,aB./,theC.the,aD.the,/
17.---You'resuretohelpmefind____bedformynewhouse?
---Sure,butnotnow.I'mheadingfor____bedandagoodsleep.
A.a,aB.the,aC.a,/D.the,/
18.Thewheelisthoughttobe_____firstinventionof_____transportation.
A.the,theB.a,aC.a,/D.the,/
19.Somepeoplesaythat____Britishare_____funnypeople.
A.the,aB./,theC./,/D.the,/
20.Don'tworryabout_____mistakes.They're_____naturalpartoflearning.
A./,aB.the,/C./,theD.the,the
21.---Selmalooksespeciallyprettytonight.---Yes,shealwayslooksherbestin_____ofthatkind.A.thedressB.adressC.dressD.thedresses
22.---_____didyouthinkoftheexhibition?
---Oh,itwas____success.
A.How,reallyaB.What,greatC.How,/D.What,quitea
23.Thechildhadonly_____slighttemperature,butthedoctorregarded_____illnessasserious
109
enoughfor____hospitaltreatment.
A./,/,theB.a,/,/C.a,the,/D./,the,the
24.---Didyouhave____wonderfultimeyesterday?
---Yes.Iwason_____topof_____world.A./,the,aB.a,/,theC.a,a,theD.a,the,the
25.Idon'tusuallyhave_____breakfast,butIalwayseat_____goodlunch.
A./,/B./,aC.the,/D./,the
26.---Ihearthere'llbe____talkonEnglishstudytomorrowmorning.
---Doyoumean____speechourteacheraskedustolistento?
A.a,theB.the,aC.the,theD.a,a
27.Mr.Stockruns_____smallbusiness,whoisin____Mexicoonbusiness.
A.a,aB./,/C.a,theD.a,/
28.Although_____motorcarhasbeenwithusforalmostacentury,Ihaveneverbeenabletodrive_____Americanone.
A.a,theB.a,/C.the,anD.the,the
29.Xi'anwas_____startingpointof_____world-famousSilkRoad.
A./,/B.a,aC.the,/D.the,the
30.---Whatdoes"on_____onehand„on_____other"means?
---What_____greatfun!
You'reaskingmesuchasimplequestion.
A.the,the,/B.the,the,aC./,the,aD./,the,/
31.AlexanderGramhaBellinvented____telephonein1876.（MET1991
A./;B.aC.theD.one
32.Afterwatching____TV,sheplayed____violinforanhour.
A./;/B.the;theC.the;/D./;the（MET199111
33.---Where'sjack?
---Ithinkhe'sstill_____inbed,buthemightjustbein____bathroom.A./;/B.the;theC.the;/D./;the（MET199236
34.Manypeoplearestillin___habitofwritingsillythingsin___publicplaces.
A.the;theB./;/C.the;/D./;the（MET199319
35.Sheis_
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