高中英语知识梳理.docx
《高中英语知识梳理.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《高中英语知识梳理.docx(12页珍藏版)》请在冰点文库上搜索。
![高中英语知识梳理.docx](https://file1.bingdoc.com/fileroot1/2023-7/21/6a3eac50-ab5d-45d9-a8a4-dfd3fbba9484/6a3eac50-ab5d-45d9-a8a4-dfd3fbba94841.gif)
高中英语知识梳理
高中英语知识梳理
知识点是英语中的一个重要的部分。
下面是本人为大家带来的高中英语知识梳理,相信对你会有帮助的。
高中英语知识梳理
(一)
1.win,beat,defeat表示获胜、取胜的词语
(1)winv.赢……,获胜,接比赛或奖项winagame/aprize/anhonor/arace./Ourteamwonthegame8to7./Hewonbyfivepoints./Hewonherloveatlast./Hewonthefirstplaceinthecompetition.
(2)beat+对手,表打败(尤指体育比赛)Icaneasilybeathimatgolf.
(3)defeat表战胜,接对手Theenemywasdefeatedinthebattle.
2.intheend,finally,atlast
三者均可表示“(经过周折、等待、耽误)最后,终于”之意。
不同的是:
finally一般用在句中动词前面,而atlast与intheend的位置则较为灵活;
三者中atlast语气最为强烈,且可单独作为感叹句使用。
Afterputtingitoffthreetimes,wefinallymanagedtohaveaholidayinDalian./Atlastheknewthemeaningoflife./Atlast!
Whereonearthhaveyoubeen?
/Butintheendhegavein.
另外,finally还可用在列举事项时,引出最后一个内容,相当于lastly。
Firstly,weshouldmakeaplan;secondly,weshouldcarryitout;finallyweshouldmakeaconclu-sion.
3.bysea,bythesea,inthesea,onthesea,atsea
(1)bysea“走海路,乘船”,用来表示交通方式,同byship同义。
Theseheavyboxesshouldbesentbysea.
(2)bythesea“在海边”,相当于by(at)theseaside。
ThechildrenenjoyedthemselvesbytheseaonChildren'sDay.
(3)inthesea“在海里,在海水中”Therearemanyplantsandanimalsinthesea.
(4)onthesea“在海面上”,“在海岸边”。
Iwanttoliveinatownwithabeautifulpositiononthesea.
(5)atsea在海上;在航海Whenhewokeup,theshipwasatsea.
4.beafraid,beafraidtodosth.,beafraidof(doing)sth.
(1)beafraid意为“担心,害怕”,多用于口语,常用来表示一种歉意,或遗憾,后可接so或not,也可接that从句。
I'mafraid(that)其语意相当于I'msorry,but...。
--Areweontime?
我们准时吗?
--I'mafraidnot.恐怕不准时。
I'mafraidyou'llgetcaughtintherain.
(2)beafraidtodosth常表示“由于胆小而不敢做某事”。
Sheisafraidtobeherealone./Heisafraidtojumpintotheriverfromthebridge.
(3)beafraidof(doing)sth.常表示“担心或害怕某事(发生)”。
Iwasafraidofhurtingherfeelings.
5.live,living,alive,lively
(1)liveadj.
①活的;活生生的;(只修饰生物;只作前置定语)Thelaboratoryisdoingexperimentswithseverallivemonkeys.
②实况直播的(不是录音)Itwasn'tarecordedshow.Itwaslive.
③带电的;燃着的;可爆炸的Thisisalivewire.
(2)livingadj.活着的,有生命的(作表语或定语)Shewas,hethought,thebestlivingnovelistinEngland./Theoldmanisstillliving.(或alive)
(3)aliveadj.①活着的;②有活力的;有生气
作后置定语:
Who'sthegreatestmanalive?
作表语:
Wasthesnakealiveordead?
/Mygrandmotherismorealivethanalotofyoungpeople.
作补语:
Let'skeepthefishalive.
(4)livelyadj.活泼的;有生气的;活跃的(作表语或定语)Themusicisbrightandlively.
6.takeoff,takedown,takein,takeon,takeup
(1)takeoff
①(飞机)起飞Ahelicopterisabletotakeoffandlandstraightupordown.
②脱下(衣裳等);取下Hetookoffhiswetshoes./Whotooktheknoboffthedoor?
③休假;请假;歇工Whenhiswifewassickhetookofffromwork.
④(指观念、产品)大受欢迎;(事业)突然发达,成功Thenewtypeofcellphoneshasreallytakenoff./Hisbusinessbegantotakeoffwhenhewasinhisforties.
(2)takedown
①拿下来;取下来Hereacheduptothethirdshelfofthebookcaseandtookdownadictionary.
②记下来Hereadoutthenamesandhissecretarytookthemdown.
(3)takein
①接受(房客,客人等);收留Thefarmerstookinthelosttravelersforthenight.
②理解;领会;明白Theboyscouldnottakeinhismeaning.
③包括;涉及Thestudyofphysicstakesinmanydifferentsubjects.
④使上当;欺骗Wewerecompletelytakeninbyherstory.
(4)takeon
①接受;从事(某工作)Afterhisfatherdied,Billtookonthemanagementofthefactory.
②雇用Isthesupermarkettakingonanymoreassis-tant?
③具有(新面貌、意思等)Thecityhastakenonanewlook.
(5)takeup
①从事某项活动;发展某种爱好Somanyyoungmenwanttotakeupwriting.
②开始做(某项工作);开始学习(某个课程)Thenshetookupthetaskofgettingthebreakfast./Hedroppedmedicineandtookupphysics.
③占去(时间或空间)Themeetingtookupthewholemorning./Thetabletakesuptoomuchroom.
④接受I'dliketotakeupyourofferofarideintotown.
7.callfor,callon,callup
(1)callfor
①来找(某人);来取(某物)I'llcallforyouatyourhouse.
②要求;需要Successinschoolcallsformuchhardwork.
(2)callon
①callon/uponsb.拜访;去会(某人)Ihopetocallonyouatyourofficeat3o’clocktoday.
②callon/uponsb.todosth.请/叫某人做某事Hecalleduponmetospeakimmediately.
③号召;呼吁;要求ThePresidentcalledonhispeopletoservethecountry.
(3)callup
①给……打电话(英ringup)Itriedtocallyouuplastnight,butnooneansweredthephone.
②征召入役;调用(后备部队)Threeboysinourstreetwerecalleduplastweek.
8.toomuch,muchtoo
(1)toomuch“太多”之意,可以作形容词,修饰不可数名词,也可作副词,修饰动词。
Thereistoomuchrainhereinspring./Shetalkedtoomuchatthemeeting.
(2)muchtoo“简直太,过于”,只能作副词,用来修饰形容词或别的副词,不能修饰动词。
Thisbookismuchtoodifficultforme./Theoldmanwalksmuchtooslowly.
9.custom,habit
(1)custom指传统风俗、习俗,也可指生活习惯,后接不定式。
Theybrokesomeoftheoldcustoms./ItisthecustominChinatoeatdumplingsduringthespringFestival.
(2)habit指个人生活习惯。
“(有)养成……习惯”常
用bein/fallinto/getinto/form/havethehabitofdoingsth.句型;“戒掉……习惯”常用giveup/kick/breakawayfrom/getoutofthehabitofdoingsth.句型。
It'seasytogetintoabadhabitbutitshardtogiveitup./Thedrugeasilygetoneintothehabitofsmoking.
10.arise,rise,raise
raisevt.“使……上升;升起;提高”等;
risevi.“上升;升起”;
arisevi.“站起来(standup)”,“起床(getup)”,rise和arise用作站起,起床都属正式用法;arise主要表示“出现、发生”等意思。
Sheraisedhervoiceinanger.(抬高)Thewindraisedthefallenleavesfromtheground.(刮起)Thechildrosefromthegroundandrantohismother.(=Thechildraisedhimselffromthegroundandrantohismother.)(爬起)Sherisesbeforeitislight.(起床)Difficultieswillariseaswedothework.(出现)
高中英语知识梳理
(二)
1.can'thelpdoingsth.禁不住做某事,不由得不做某事
Shecouldn'thepsmiling.
[比较]
(1)can'thelpbutdo不得不……;不能不Whenthestreetsarefullofmeltingsnow,youcan'thelpbutgetyourshoeswet.
(2)cannotbut不能不,只能Hecouldnotbutfeeldisappointed.
[归纳]
(1)help(sb.)(to)dosth.Helpmegethimbacktobedatonce./Byhelpingthemwearehelpingsaveourselves.
(2)help...withsth.帮助……做某事Inthosedaysheusedtohelphermotherwithhergardening.
(3)helponeself/sb.tosth.给自己/别人夹菜/拿烟
等;擅自拿用MayIhelpyoutosomemorevegetables?
(4)help...insth.在……方面帮助某人SheofferedtohelpRoseinthehousekeepingwhenIamnothere.
(5)helpout帮忙(做事;克服困难等)I'veoftenhelpedBoboutwhenhe'sbeenabitshortofmoney.
2.含go的短语
①goaround到处走/跑.(疾病)流传,(谣言)传开;goafter追求;goahead说吧,请吧,做吧;goaway离开,出去
②goback走网头路,翻悔改变;gobad变坏;goboating去划船
③gofishing去钓鱼;goforawalk去散步
④gohiking去徒步旅行;gohome回家
⑤goinfor喜爱,从事于;gointo进入,加入
⑥gomad发疯
⑦gooff离去,去世;goon继续,进展,依据;goondoing继续做;goout出去,发出去,熄灭,不时兴;goover研究,检查,搜查
⑧goshopping去商店;goskating去滑冰;gostraightalong沿着;goswimming去游泳
⑨gothrough通过,经受,仔细检查;gotobed上床
⑩goup上升
⑪gowrong走错路,误入歧途
[例句]We'llgothroughtheitemsonebyone.我们要逐条研究。
Shehasgonebacktoheroldhabits.她又回到了已往的习惯。
ComeonSundaybyyourself-wecangooverthehousetogether.星期天你要过来.我们一起检查一下房子。
Hisspeechwentonforsolongthatpeoplebegantofallasleep.他的演讲持续很长时间,结果人们开始想睡。
Thatexpressionhasgoneout.NobodyUsesittoday.那个短语已经过时了,现在没有人在用它。
Theyoungfellowhasn'trealizedthathehasgonewrong.这个年轻人还没有意识到他已经误入歧途。
Tiredofgoingshoppingwithhiswife,Mr.Liupretendedtohavesomethingimportanttodo.厌烦与妻子一起去购物,刘先生假装有重要的事情要做。
【考例2】(2004北京)Idon't____rock'n'roll.It'smuchtoonoisyformytaste.
A.goafterB.goawaywith
C.gointoD.goinfor
[考查目标]此题主要考查四个动词短语的意思。
[答案与解析]Dgoafter追求;goawaywith带走;gointo进入,加入;goinfor喜爱,爱好。
根据句子意思“摇滚音乐太嘈杂。
不合乎我的口味.所以我不喜欢”。
【考例】(NMET1998)Nobodynoticedthethiefslipintothehousebecausethelightshappenedto____.
A.beputupB.givein
C.beturnedonD.goout
[考查目标]此题主要考查四个短语的意思。
[答案与解析]Dputup挂起;givein屈服;turnon打开;goout熄灭。
本句话意思是“没有人注意到贼溜进了屋子,因为灯碰巧熄灭了”。
3.gowrong
(1)走错路;弄错方向
(2)失败;不顺利Allourplanswentwrong./Everythingwentwronginthosedays.
(3)发生故障Theclockwentwrong.
[比较]表示“变为”的系动词
(1)go表示由积极向消极方面变化Fishsoongoesbadinhotweather.又如:
gomad/pale/blind/hungry
(2)become/get表示由积极向消极或消极向积极方
面变化Theweatherisgettingquitewarm./Graduallyhebecamesilent.
(3)turn多接表颜色的词Thisinkturnsblackwhenitdries./Heusedtobeateachertillheturnedwriter.
注意:
becomeawriter
(4)grow侧重变化过程Theseaisgrowingcalm.
(5)fall进入某种状态Allthreechildrenfellasleep.
4.owe...to...受到恩惠;归功于……
(1)欠(钱)owesb.money=owemoneytosb.
Iowe£50tomytailor.=Iowemytailor£50.
(2)得过(某人的)好处;欠(某人的)人情债
Weoweagreatdealtoourparentsandteachers.
(3)应当给予Youowemeanapology.
(4)……应归功于;……都亏得
WeowethegeneraltheoryofrelativitytoEinstein.
[拓展]表示“由于”的词组:
owingto/becauseof/thanksto/dueto/asaresultof
5.takeone'splace
(1)入座,站好位置,取得地位Takeyourplaces,please.Weareabouttostart.
(2)takeone'splace=taketheplaceofsb.代替(职务或工作等);接替ElectrictrainshavenowtakentheplaceofsteamtrainsinEngland.
[比较]
(1)inplace(of)代替;……而不用Thegrown-upshadcoffeebutthechildrenwantedmilkinplaceofcoffee.
(2)takeone'sseat在自己座位上坐下;有时等于takeone'splace:
Moremenenteredandtooktheirseats.
6.thinkhighlyof赞扬
表赞赏的词有:
(1)think/speakhighly/well/much...of:
Thepeoplethinkveryhighlyofhim.
表认为不好的词有:
(2)thinklittle/badly/poorly/nothing...of:
Joanthoughtlittleofwalkingtwomilestoschool.
7.含“动词+away”的短语
①doawaywith去掉
②getaway逃脱,(使)离开
③goaway离去,出去
④puta