英语六级阅读理解.docx

英语六级阅读理解.docx

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英语六级阅读理解

Passageone

　　questions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage

　　sustainabledevelopmentisappliedtojustabouteberythingfromenergytocleanwaterandeconomicgrowth,andasaresultithasbecomedifficulttoquestioneitherthebasicassumptionsbehinditorthewaytheconceptisputtouse.thisisespeciallytrueinagriculture,wheresustainabledevelopmentisoftentakenasthesolemeasureofprogresswithoutaproperappreciationofhistrorcalandculturalperspectives.

　　Tostartwith,itisimportanttorememberthatthenatureofagriculturehaschangedmarkedlythroughouthistory,andwillcontinuetodoso.medievalagricultureinnorthernEuropefed,clothedandsheleredapredominantlyruralsocietywithamuchlowerpopulationdensitythanitistoday.ithadminimaleffectonbiodiversity,andanypollutionitcausedwastypicallylocalized.intermsofenergyuseandthenutrientscapturedintheproductitwasrelativelyinefficient.

　　Contrastthiswithfarmingsincethestartoftheindustrialpetionfromoverseasledfarmerstospecializeandincreaseyields.throughoutthisperiodfoodbecamecheaper,safeandmorereliable.however,thesechangeshavealsoledtohabitatlossandtodiminishingbiodiversity.

　　What’smore,demandforanimalproductsindevelopingcountricsisgrowingsofastthatmeetingitwillrequireanextra300milliontonsofgrainayearby2050.yetthegrowthofcitiesandindustryisreducingtheamountofwateravailableforagricultureinmanyregions.

　　Allthismeansthatagricultureinthe21stcenturywillhavetobeverydifferentfromhowitwasinthe20th.thiswillrequireradicalthinking.forexample,weneedtomoveawayfromtheideathattraditionalpracticesareinevitablymoresustainablethannewones.wealsoneedtoabandonthenotionthatagriculturecanbe“zeroimpact”.Thekeywillbetoabandontherathersimpleandstaticmeasuresofsustainability,whichcentreontheneedtomaintainproductionwithoutincreasingdamage.insteadweneedamoredynamicinterpretation,onethatlooksattheprosandconsofallthevariouswaylandisused.therearemanydifferentwaystomeasureagriculturalperformancebesidesfoodyield:

energyuse,environmentalcosts,waterpurity,carbonfootprintandbiodiversity.Itisclear,forexample,thatthecarbonoftransportingtomatoesfromspaintotheUK

　　IslessthanthatofproducingthemintheUKwithadditionalheatingandlighting.butwedonotknowwhetherlowercarbonfootprintswillalwaysbebetterforbiodiversity.

　　Whatiscrucialisrecognizingthatsustainableagricultureisnotjustaboutsustainablefoodproduction.

　　52.Howdopeopleofenmeasureprogressinagriculture?

　　A）ByitsproductivityC）Byitsimpactontheenvironmet

　　B）ByitssustainabilityD）Byitscontributiontoeconomicgrowth

　　53.Specialisationandtheefforttoinceaseyieldshaveesultedin________.

　　A）LocalisedpollutionC）competitionfromoverseas

　　B）theshrinkingoffarmlandD）thedecreaseofbiodiversity

　　54.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftraditionalfarmingpractices?

　　A）Theyhaveremainedthesameoverthecenturies

　　B）Theyhavenotkeptpacewithpopulationgrowth

　　C）Theyarenotnecessarilysustainable

　　D）Theyareenvironmentallyfriendly

　　55.Whatwillagriculturebelikeinthe21stcentury

　　A）Itwillgothroughradicalchanges

　　B）Itwillsupplymoreanimalproducts

　　C）Itwillabandontraditionalfarmingpractices

　　D）Itwillcausezerodamagetotheenvironment

　　56Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassage?

　　A）Toremindpeopleoftheneedofsustainabledevelopment

　　B）Tosuggestwaysofensuringsustainablefoodproduction

　　C）Toadancenewcriteriaformeasuringfarmingprogress

　　D）Tourgepeopletorethinkwhatsustainableagricultureis

PassageTwo

　　Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage

　　Thepercentageofimmigrants（includingthoseunlawfullypresent）intheUnitedstateshasbeencreepingupwardforyears.At12.6percent,itisnowhigherthanatanypointincethemid1920s

　　WearenotabouttogobacktothedayswhenCongressopenlyworriedaboutinferiorracespolluingAmerica’sbloodstream.Butonceagainwearewonderingwhetherwehavetoomanyofthewrongsortfonecomers.Theirloudestcitecsarguethatthenewwaveofimmigrantscannot,andindeeddonotwantto,fitinaspreviousgenerationsdid.

　　Wenowknowthattheseracistviewswerewrong.Intime,Italians,Romaniansandmembersofotherso-calledinferiorracesbecameexemplaryAmericansandcontributedgreatly,inwaystoonumeroustodetail,tothebuildingofthismagnificentnation.Thereisnoreasonwhythesenewimmigrantsshouldnothavethesamesuccess.

　　AlthoughchildrenofMexicanimmigrantsdobetter,intermsofeducationalandprofessionalattainment,thanthirparentsUCLAsociologistEdwardTelleshasfoundthatthegainsdon’tcontinme.Indeed,thefouthgenerationismarginallyworseoffthanthethirdJamesJackson,oftheUniversityofMichigan,hasfoudasimilarendamongblackCaribbeanimmigrants,TellsfearsthatMexican-AmericansmaybefatedtofollowinthefootstepsofAmericanblacks-thatlargepartsofthecommunitymaybecomemiredinaseeminglystateofpovertyandUnderachievement.LikeAfrican-Americans,Mexican-americansareincreasinglyrelegatedto（降入）segregated,substandyrdschools,andtheirdropoutrateisthehighestforany儿童会nicgroupinthecountry.

　　Wehavelearnedmuchaboutthefoolishideaofexcludingpeopleonthepresumptionoftheethnic/racialinferiority.ButwhatwehavenotyetlearnedishowtomaketheprocessofAmericanizationworkforall.IamnottalkingaboutrequiringpeopletolearnEnglishortoadoptAmericanways;thosethingshappenprettymuchontheirown,butasargumentsaboutimmigrationhearupthecampaigntrail,wealsooughttoasksomebroaderquestionaboutassimilation,abouthowtoensurethatpeople,onceoutsiders,don’tfoveverremainmarginalizedwithintheseshores.

　　Thatisamuchlargerquestionthanwhatshouldhappenwithundocumentedworkers,orhowbesttosecuretheborder,anditisonethataffectsnotonlynewcomersbutgroupsthathavebeenhereforgenerations.Itwillhavemoreimpactonourfuturethanwherewedecidetosettheadmissionsbarforthelasestwareofwould-beAmericans.Anditwouldbeniceifwefinallygottheanswerright.

　　57.HowwereimmigrantsviewedbyU.S.Congressinearlydays?

　　A）Theywereofinferiorraces.

　　B）TheywereaSourceofpoliticalcorruption.

　　C）Theywereathreattothenation’ssecurity.

　　D）Theywerepartofthenation’sbloodstream.

　　58.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthenewimmigrants?

　　A）TheywillbeadynamicworkforceintheU.S.

　　B）Theycandojustaswellastheirpredecessors.

　　C）Theywillbeverydisappointedonthenewland.

　　D）Theymayfindithardtofitintothemainstream.

　　59.WhatdoesEdwardTelles’researchsayaboutMexican-Americans?

　　A）Theymayslowluimprovefromgenerationtogeneration.

　　B）Theywilldobetterintermsofdeucationlattainment.

　　C）TheywillmeltintotheAfrican-Americancommunity.

　　D）Theymayforeverremainpoorandunderachieving.

　　60.Whatshouldbedonetohelpthenewimmigrants?

　　A）Ridthemoftheirinferioritycomplex.

　　B）UrgethemtoadoptAmericancustoms.

　　C）preventthemfrombeingmarginalized.

　　D）TeachthemstandardAmericanEnglish.

　　61.Accordingtotheauthor,theburningissueconcerningimmigrationgis_______.

　　A）howtodealwithpeopleenteringtheU.S.withoutdocuments

　　B）howtohelpimmigrantstobetterfitintoAmericansociety

　　C）howtostopillegalimmigrantsfromcrossingthecorder

　　D）howtolimitthenumberofimmigrantstoentertheU.S.'

Obesity

SydneyBrenner,seniordistinguishedfellowoftheCrick-JacobsCenterinCalifornia,wonthe2002NoblelPrizeforMedicineandsaysthatifthereisaglobaldisastersomehumanswillsurvive-andevolitionwillfavoursmallpeoplewithbodieslargeenoughtosupporttherequiredamountofbrainpower.”Obesity,”hesays.”willhavebeensolved.”

Robots

RodneyBrooks,professorofroboticeatMIT,saystheproblemsofdevelopingartificialintelligenceforrobotswillbeatleastpartlyovercome.Asaresult,”thepossibilitiesforrobotsworkingwithpeoplewillopenupimmensely”

Energy

BillJoy,greentechnologyexpertinCalifomia,says:

”Themostsignificantbreakthroughtwouldbetohaveaninexhaustiblesourceofsafe,greenenergythatissubstantiallycheaperthananyexistingenergysource.”

Ideally,suchasourcewouldbesafeinthatitcouldnotbemadeintoweaponsandwouldnotmakehazardousortoxicwasteorcarbondioxide,themaingreenhousegasblamedforglobalwarming.

Society

GeoffreyMiller,evolutionarypsychologistattheUniversityofNewMexico,says:

”TheUSwillfollowtheUKinrealizingthatreligionisnoraprerequisite（前提）forordinaryhumandecency.

“This,sciencewillkillreligion-notbyreasonchallengingfaithbutbyofferingamorepractical,uniwersalandrewardingmoralframeworkforhumaninteraction.”

Healsopredictsthat“ahsurdlywasteful”displaysofwealthwillbecomeumfashionablewhiletheimportanceofclose-knitcommunitiesandfamilieswillbecomeclearer.

Thesetherechanger,hesays,willhelpmakeusall”brighe\ter,wiser,happierandkinder”.

注意：

此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

1.Whatisjohnlngham’sreportabout?

A）Asolutiontotheglobalenergycrisis

B）Extraordinaryadvancesintechnology.

C）Thelatestdevelopmentsofmedicalscience

D）Scientists’visionoftheworldinhalfacentury

2.AccordingtoHarvardprofessorStevenPinker,predictionsaboutthefuture_____.

A）mayinvitetrouble

B）maynotcometrue

C）willfoolthepublic

D）domoreharmthangood

3.Professor