雅思写作基础资料全word版本.docx
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雅思写作基础资料全word版本
雅思写作
何倩
一、Introduction
■Clearviewforbeginning
——BriefandtothePoint
■Reiteratestheviewpointintheend
■Threadsupthesubject:
重复词
序数词
关联词
下大雨了，他发烧了。
发烧了，不能上班了。
他不能去上班了，扣工资了。
■Becauseoftheheavyrain,hedevelopedhighfever,
■andthushadtosleepathome.
■Hisabsenceresultedinreductionofhispay.
——句间衔接
英语写作中的衔接关系：
A.表示附加：
and,whatismore
notonly…butalso…
aswellas
Ø____.Besidesthis,______.
Ø____.Inaddition,______.
Ø____.Apartfromthis,______.
Ø____.Furthermore,________.
Ø____.Moreover,__________.
Ø____.Toputitinanotherway,________.
英语写作中的衔接关系：
B.表示顺序：
First…Second…Third…
Firstly…Secondly…Thirdly…
ØTobeginwith,…Followingthis,…Next,…
ØInitially,…Afterthis,…Then,
ØOnonehand,…Ontheotherhand,…Lastbutnottheleast,
英语写作中的衔接关系：
C.表示因果：
because/as/for/since….
ØOwningto______,_________.
ØDueto_________,_________.
Ø__________.Forthisreason,_________.
Ø__________.Hence,________________.
Ø__________.Accordingly,_________________.
Ø__________.Therefore,______________.
Ø__________.Thereby,________________.
英语写作中的衔接关系：
D.表示对比：
but
Ø_______.While,__________.
Ø_______.Bycontrast,_________.
Ø_______.Conversely,_________.
Ø_______.Onthecontrary,_______.
Ø_______.Whereas,__________.
Ø_______.Nevertheless,__________.
Ø_______.Nonetheless,_________.
英语写作中的衔接关系：
E.表示肯定：
Ofcourse/certainly
ØSurely,__________.
ØClearly,＿＿＿＿＿．
ØNaturally,________.
ØObviously,________.
ØPlainly,___________.
ØUndoubtedly,_________.
英语写作中的衔接关系：
F.表示条件：
If_____,_________.
ØAslongas_______,________.
ØAsfaras_________,_________.
ØDependingon_________,________.
ØProvidedthat________,__________.
英语写作中的衔接关系：
G.表示定义：
___is___.
Ø____refersto________
Ø____means___________.
H.表示举例：
forexample/suchas/forinstance
ØInparticular_________.
ØNamely________________.
ØAsanillustration,___________.
ØSpecifically,_________.
ØTodemonstrate,_______.
英语写作中的衔接关系：
I.表示时间：
When______.
As_____,______.
While_________,_______.
Meanwhile_______,_______.
Whenever__________,______.
J.表示承接：
About/On___.
Withregardto________,_________.
Asfor_________,___________.
Around_________,___________.
英语写作中的衔接关系：
K.表示强调：
especially,________.
ØMainly,______________.
ØParticularly,____________.
ØInparticular,__________.
L.表示总结（总而言之）：
Øinshort/inconclusion/inaword/insummary，
ØToconclude/tosumup，
ØAsfarasI’mconcerned,
英语写作中的衔接关系：
M、表示概括（整体来讲）:
Øasarule
Øforthemostpart
Øingeneral
Øinmostcases
Øonthewhole
Øspeakinggenerally
Unifiedcontent
DoctrineoftheMean
Waterdroppingdaybydaywearthehardestrockaway.
CelebrityQuotes&FamousSayings:
ImmanuelKant
Nietzsche
WilliamShakespeare
GeorgeGordonByron
…
Confucius
——适用于道德类话题
不得分文章
1，不写/中文/完全与范文一样
2，与题目完全无关
3，政治态度过激
从论文入手……
FORTASK2——题型
个人观点表达段
二、StrategyforEssayWriting
word
Howmany?
——2000positivewords
ØToavoidthefollowingwords:
word
word
■good——positive,favorable,rosy,promising，perfect,pleasurable,excellent,outstanding
■Think——harbortheideathat,taketheattitudethat;holdtheviewthat,itiswidelysharedthat,itisuniversallyacknowledgedthat
■inmyopinion——formypart,frommyownperspective…
grammar：
S+Link.V+P
S+V
S+V+O
S+V+O1+O2
S+V+O+C
扩展：
S+L+P
一条主线贯穿三个层次
AS+L+Adj.+that
Adj.——amazed/sure/amused/lucky/surprised…
应用层：
Ø1,Iamamazedthatsomepeopleregardmoneyaseverything.
Ø2,Iamsurethattheyhavenochancetoembracetherealhappiness.
Ø3,Ifeltquiteamusedathisunwarrantedcholer.
Ø4,IamluckythatIamasmartperson.
Ø5,Iamsurprisedthatmostpeoplewouldnotliketoliveinthecity.
扩展：
S+L+P
一条主线贯穿三个层次
BS+L+Adj.+to+V…..
Adj.——free/ready/eager/quick/willing…
应用层：
Ø1,Youarefreetocomeandgoasyouplease.
Ø2,Heisalwaysreadytohelphisfriends.
Ø3,Theboyiseagertoridehisnewbicycle.
Ø4,Thegovernmentwasquicktodenyanyinvolvementintheattacks.
Ø5,Areyouwillingtoacceptresponsibility?
扩展：
S+L+P
一条主线贯穿三个层次
CIt+L+Adj.+that…..
Adj.——clear/reasonable/obvious/possible/impossible
应用层：
Ø1,Itisclearthatthedrugdoesbenefitsomepatients.
Ø2,Itisnotreasonabletoexpectachildtounderstandsarcasm.
Ø3,Itwasobvioustoeveryonethatthechildhadbeenbadlytreated.
Ø4,ItisjustpossiblethatIgavethemthewrongdirections
Ø5,Itisvirtuallyimpossibletopredictthefutureaccurately
扩展：
S+L+P
一条主线贯穿三个层次
DIt+L+Adj.+to+V…..
Adj.——interesting/easy/difficult/practicable/sufficient
应用层：
Ø1,Itisparticularlyinterestingtocomparethetwoversions.
Ø2,Itiseasytoconfuseuserswithcustomers.
Ø3,Itisdifficulttoseehowmoresavingscanbemade.
Ø4,Itmaynotalwaysbepracticabletofollowexactlytherecommendations.
Ø5,itisnotsufficienttoexplainhumanmindonlybyopinionsofcomputation.
扩展：
S+L+P
一条主线贯穿三个层次
EIt+L+Adj.+forsb.+to+V
Adj.—dangerous/reasonable/important/right/impossible
应用层：
Ø1,Itisdangerousforawomantowalkaloneatnight.
Ø2,Itisreasonableformetorideabicycle.
Ø3,Itisimportantforchildrentokeepsafeandhealthy.
Ø4,Itisrightforthegovernmenttotellpeoplehowtoraisetherekids.
Ø5,Itisimpossibleformetobetherebefore8.00p.m..
扩展：
S+L+P
总结：
简单的主系表结构经扩展后成为五种复杂句型
AS+L+Adj.+that….
BS+L+Adj.+to+V…..
CIt+L+Adj.+that….
DIt+L+Adj.+to+V…..
EIt+L+Adj.+forsb.+to+V…..
扩展：
S+V+O
一条主线贯穿三个层次
AS+V+that….
V:
hope/admit/know/notice/expect
应用层：
Ø1,Wehopethatmorewomenwilldecidetojointhecourse.
Ø2,Iadmit（that）youhaveapoint.
Ø3,Iknowthatthisisaseriousproblem.
Ø4,Ihavenoticedthatmanyotherstudentshavethesametrouble.
Ø5,Iexpectthatallofuscanworkharderandbecomegreathumanbeings.
扩展：
S+V+O
一条主线贯穿三个层次
BS+V+to+v+…..
V:
want/hesitate/plan/intend/hope
应用层：
Ø1,TherearetwopointswhichIwantedtomake.
Ø2,Ihesitatetospendsomuchmoneyonclothes.
Ø3,Iplantolearnallsubjectswellatuniversity.
Ø4,Idon'tintendtolistentothisrubbishanylonger.
Ø5,Ihopetomakemydreamcometrue.
扩展：
S+V+O
一条主线贯穿三个层次
CS+V+what\how+to+V….
V:
wonder\know\ask\explain\remember
应用层：
Ø1,Wewonderhowtoguideourchildrenproperly.
Ø2,Wedon’tknowwhattodonow.
Ø3,Iwillaskhowtosolvethisproblem.
Ø4,Teachersoftenexplainhowtolearngrammarwell.
Ø5,Irememberhowtoforget.
扩展：
S+V+O
一条主线贯穿三个层次
DS+V+doing…
V:
resist/avoid/admit/prefer/consider
应用层：
Ø1,IcouldnotresistlaughingwhenIhearpeoplesayso.
Ø2,Heavoidsansweringtheirquestions.
Ø3,Headmitshavingdonethat.
Ø4,Shepreferswatchingfashionshows.
Ø5,TheyareconsideringbuyinganotherTVset.
扩展：
S+V+O
总结：
简单的主谓宾结构经扩展后成较为
四种复杂句子结构类型。
AS+V+that….
BS+V+to+v+…..
CS+V+what\how+to+V….
DS+V+doing…
一条主线贯穿三个层次
S+V+Sb.+that\when\why….
V:
advise\convince\persuade\remind\assure…
应用层：
Ø1,Theyadvisedhimthatthetourwouldproceed.
Ø2,Theyconvincedmethatstudyabroadtooksomerisks.
Ø3,TheypersuadedhimthathisEnglishwasverygood.
Ø4,Historyalwaysremindusthattheneverhasthepastturnedintoash.
Ø5,Theyassuremethateverythingwillbeallright.
Directions
Warning:
•A____,_____.
•B_________!
•C_________?
•D_________...
•Eshouldbedosth
•F主谓一致
——usemodalverb（can,could,must…）
SentencesforIELTS
Subordinateclause
A：
"anticipatoryit“
That+完整句=N.
E.g.Educationisvital.
——Thateducationisvitalisobvious.
——Itisobviousthateducationisvital.
SentencesforIELTS
■Itisannounced/estimated/reported…
■Itgoeswithoutsayingthat…
■Itcannotbedeniedthat…
■Itisvital/imperative/significant/ofimportance/essentialthat…
■Itissuggested/demanded/required/advisedthat+shoulddo…
■Itisobvious/clear/evident/manifest/asclearascrystalthat…
…
Sample
itisastrikingfactthateverymoderncityboastsnotonlyofitsprosperitybutalsoofitsculture.
Itisaninescapablefactthatasmall,buttroublesomeminorityofschoolstudentsbehavebadly,someonlyoccasionallybutothersregularly.
SentencesforIELTS
Objectclause——somepeoplethinkthat…
Somepeopleinsist/maintain/argue/deem/contend/conclude/advocate/emphasize…
Somepeoplepointout/dostronglybelieve/beconvinced/donotmistrust….
Sample——对比引入
Alargenumberofpeopleinsistthatlackofpracticalknowledge,amongotherthings,contributestothissituation.
Inlightofthis,theycontendthatcollegeteachersshouldlaymorestressonpracticalcoursesthanontraditionalones.
Formypart,Iaminfavoroftheirviewpoint.
SentencesforIELTS
Famoussaying:
Ihaveadreamthatonedayallroadswillbemadeplain.
Weholdthesetruthstobeself-evidentthatmenarecreatedequal.
Manypeoplearefanciedthatmoneymeanseverything.
SentencesforIELTS
Non-restrictiveclause
A:
which
Manypeoplethinkthatfrequentculturecommunicationsarebeneficial,whichcanenhancethecultureintegration.
Businessresearchshouldbeadvanced,whichcanpavethewayforanation’seconomicdevelopment.
SentencesforIELTS
B：
as
Asiswell-known,
Asisknownto
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