英语学习虚 拟 语 气.docx

英语学习虚 拟 语 气.docx

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英语学习虚拟语气

虚拟语气

虚拟语气

虚拟语气分三种情况来掌握：

1、虚拟条件句。

2、名词性虚拟语气。

3、虚拟语气的其他用语。

一、虚拟条件句：

条件状语从句是非真实情况，在这种情况下要用虚拟语气。

1、条件从句与现在事实不一致，其句型为：

If主语＋过去时，主语＋should（could,would,或might）＋动词原形，如：

IfIwereyou,Iwouldstudyhard.

Ifitrained,Iwouldnotbeherenow.

2、条件从句与过去事实不一致，句型为：

If主语＋had＋过去分词，主语＋should（could,would,或might）＋have＋过去分词，如：

Ifthedoctorhadcomelastnight,theboywouldhavesaved.

IfIhadnotstudiedhard,Iwouldhavefailedintheexamlastterm.

3、条件从句与将来事实不一致，句型为：

＋do，主语＋should（could…）＋原形do

过去时（与现在事实条件句一样）。

Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldstayathome.

IfIweretogotothemoononeday,Icouldseeitwithmyowneyes.

Ifyoumissedthefilmtonight,youwouldfeelsorry.

注意问题：

1、If条件句中绝对不可出现“would”。

2、根据句中的时间状语，有时可能出现“混合虚拟”的情况，即主句可能是现在的情况，条件句也许是发生在过去的情况，但都是遵守上述句型。

3、在条件句中如果出现were,had,should可省去if，将主语与这些词倒装，例如：

Hadthedoctorcomelastnight,theboywouldhavesaved.

WereItogotothemoononeday,Iwouldseeitwithmyowneyes.

Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldstayathome.

二、名词性虚拟语气：

在表示命令、建议要求、惊叹时的名词性从句中需用虚拟语气，基本句型：

主语＋（should）＋动词原形，如：

MotherinsistedthatJohngotobedat9o’clock.（宾语从句）

Wesuggestedthatthemeetingshouldnotbeheld.

Itwasrequiredthatthecropsshouldbeharvestedatonce.（主语从句）

Thesuggestionthathebeinvitedwasrejected.（同位语从句）

Thatistheirdemandthattheirwagesbeincreased.（表语从句）

注意：

在这种句子中绝不出现“would”“must”“could”等。

三、虚拟语气在一些特殊词中的使用或含蓄条件句：

1、wish后的宾语从句：

与现在愿望不一致主语＋过去时；

与过去愿望不一致主语＋had＋过去分词；

与未来愿望不一致主语＋would（could）＋原形。

IwishIwereyou.

IwishIhadvisitedthewhiteHousewhenIwasinthestates.

IwishImetyoutomorrowattheparty.

2、It’stime句型：

当It’stime后用that从句时应该为：

主语＋should＋原形或主语＋过去时，例如：

It’stimethatyouwenttoschool.或

It’stimethatyoushouldgotoschool.

3、Ifonly引起的感叹句相当于“HowIwish＋宾语从句”

Ifonlyhecouldcome!

 他要能来就好了。

IfonlyIhadknowntheanswer!

 我要早知答案就好了。

4、wouldrather,asif（though）引导的句子也需使用虚拟，表示过去的情况用过去完成时，表示现在与将来的情况用过去时，如：

I’dratheryoupostedtheletterrightaway.

I’dratheryouhadreturnedthebookyesterday.

Shelovesthechildrenasiftheywerehers.

AlantalkedaboutRomeasifhehadbeenthere.

5、without,but,butfor,otherwise引起的短语或句子常暗含着含蓄条件。

Withoutyou,Iwouldneverknowhim.

Butforyourcooperation,wewouldn’thavedonetheworksowell.

Butthatshewasafraid,shewouldhavesaidno.

Iwouldbemostgladtohelpyou,butI’ambusynow.

Iwouldhavecometothepartyyesterday,butIwasworking.

Iambusynow,otherwiseIwoulddoyouthefavor!

【专项训练一】

1、Itisimportantthatacollegestudent         aforeignlanguage.

A．willmaster    B．master           C．masters         D．wouldmaster

2、Itisstrangethatshe           withoutsayingaword.

A．shouldhavegoneout                 B．went

C．shouldgoout                            D．goesout

3、Ifmylawyer               herelastSaturday,he                    mefromgoing.

A．hadbeen,wouldhaveprevented

B．hadbeen,wouldprevent

C．were,wouldprevent

D．were,wouldhaveprevent

4、——“Heisabraveman.”

——“Yes,IwishI            hiscourage.”

A．have             B．had               C．willhave       D．mayhave

5、Ifit               rain,thecropswouldbesaved.

A．should           B．will                C．isgoingto     D．wasto

6、Heorderedthatthemedicine                  byaspecialplane.

A．wassent                                        B．wouldbesent

C．shouldsend                               D．besent

7、Ifyou                  themedicine,you                   betternow.

A．took,wouldfeel                        B．hadtaken,felt

C．hadtaken,wouldfeel                D．took,wouldhavefelt

8、Sheismysister,butsheoftenactsasif                  mymother.

A．is                  B．was               C．were             D．hadbeen

9、Iwenttobedearlylastnight,butIwishI               so.

A．didn’tdo       B．hadn’tdo             C．haven’tdone D．couldn’tdo

10、I’dratherhe                    tomorrowafternoon.

A．willcome      B．comes           C．coming          D．came

答案：

1、B            2、A           3、A           4、B            5、A

6、D           7、C           8、C           9、B            10、D

【专项训练二】

I.经典试题回顾：

1.Oh,I'mnotfeelingwellinthestomach.I____somuchfriedchickenjustnow.（02春季上海）

  A.shouldn'teat       B.mustn'thaveeaten

  C.shouldn'thaveeaten D.mustn'teat

2.HowIwisheveryfamily____alargehousewithabeautifulgarden.（02春季上海）

 A.hasB.hadC.willhaveD.hadhad

3.--Ihearyou'vegotasetofvaluableAustraliancoins.____Ihavealook?

  --Yes,certainly.（02春季上海）

  A.DoB.MayC.ShallD.Should

4--Iheardtheywentskiinginthemountainslastwinter.

   --It____truebecausetherewaslittlesnowthere.（02北京）

  A.maynotbeB.won'tbeC.couldn'tbeD.mustn'tbe

5.Ithasbeenannouncedthatcandidates____remainintheirseatsuntilallthepapershavebeencollected.

A.canB.willC.mayD.shall   （02上海）                                                 

6.Aleft-luggageofficeisaplacewherebags______beleftforashorttime,especiallyatarailway

 station.（NMET03）

A.shouldB.canC.mustD.will

7.How____yousaythatyoureallyunderstandthewholestoryifyouhavecoveredonlypartofthearticle?

A.    canB.mustC.needD.may（03上海卷）

8.—Isn'tthatAnn'shusbandoverthere?

—No,it_______behim-I'msurehedoesn'twearglasses.   （04河南/北、安徽、江西）

         A.can't         B.mustnot          C.won't                               D.maynot

9.You______betired.You'veonlybeenworkingforanhour.（04四川、吉林、黑龙江、云南）

     A.mustnot               B.won't         C.can't                 D.maynot

10.Ioftenseelightsinthatemptyhouse.DoyouthinkI_____reportittothepolice?

（04内蒙、海南）

     A.should             B.may            C.will                 D.can

11.Mr.White_____at8:

30forthemeeting,buthedidn’t’showup.（04内蒙、海南）

     A.shouldhavearrived                          B.shouldarrive

     C.shouldhavehadarrived                      D.shouldbearriving

12.—Whoisthegirlstandingoverthere?

 —Well,ifyou______know,hernameisMabel.（04天津）

      A.may           B.can            C.must           D.shall

13.—Excuseme.IsthistherightwaytotheSummerPalace?

 —Sorry,Iamnotsure.Butit_______be. （04湖北）

      A．might              B．will                   C．must               D．can

14.----Excuseme,butIwanttouseyourcomputertotypeareport.

  ----You______havemycomputerifyoudon'ttakecareofit.（04湖南）

      A.shan't                 B.mightnot     C.needn't        D.shouldn't

15.I____payTracyavisit,butIamnotsurewhetherIwillhavetimethisSunday.（04浙江）

     A.should         B.might           C.would         D.could

16.—Goforapicnicthisweekend,OK?

—_______.Ilovegettingclosetonature.       （04福建）

      A．Icouldn’tagreemore  B．I’mafraidnot

      C．Ibelievenot              D．Idon’tthinkso

17.—I’lltellMaryabouthernewjobtomorrow.

      —You________herlastweek.      （04福建）

      A．oughttotell      B．wouldhavetoldC．musttell            D．shouldhavetold

18.“Theinterest______bedividedintofiveparts,accordingtotheagreementmadebybothsides,”declaredthejudge.（04重庆）

A.may                   B.should               C.must                    D.shall

19.Childrenunder12yearsofageinthatcountry________beunderadultsupervisionwheninapubliclibrary.（04上海）

    A.must               B.may           C.can          D.need

20.—Mum,I’vebeenstudyingEnglishsince8o’clock.______IgooutandplaywithTomforawhile?

—No,I’mafraidnot.Besides,it’srainingoutsidenow.（04辽宁）

      A．Can’t             B．Wouldn’t        C．Maynot        D．Won’t

21.---Idon'tmindtellingyouwhatIknow.

   ---You_______. I'mnotaskingyouforit.（04江苏）

    A.mustn't                                     B.maynot        C.can't       D.needn’t

II.巩固练习:

1.---Youdidn'tinviteJohntotheparty?

 ---_____him,too?

 AMustIinvite           BMustIhaveinvited

 CShouldIinvite         DShouldIhaveinvited

2.Nighthasfallen,wehavetostayhereforthenight,____?

 Adon'twe            Bhasn'tit     Cmustn'twe  Ddoesn'tit

3.--Wouldyoupleasenotthrowyourshoesonthefloor?

 --IamsorryI__doitagain.

 Aneedn't       Bcan't     Cwouldn't     Dwon't

4.Itriedtocallonyoulastweekbutyourdogsimply____notletmecomethroughthegate

 Acould         Bwould    Cmight      Dshould

5.---Amanisaskingtoseeyou._____hecomein?

 ----Lethimin.

 A.Must         B.Shall      C.Will        D.Dare

6.She____terriblytiredlastnight.Shehadbeenworkingwithoutabreakforovertenhours.

 Amaybe          Bhadbeen   Cusedtobe    Dmusthavebeen

7.Dotellmewhatyou'dlikeforyourbirthday,dear,______?

 Awillyou         Bdoyou    Cdon'tyou      Dcan'tyou

8.--Doyouregretpayingfivedollarsforthebook?

--No,I_____twiceasmuchforit.

 Awouldgladlyhavepaid   Bhadgladlypaid

9.–Don’tforgettowritetomewhenyougethome.

  --_____.

 AImust        BIshould      CIwon’t       DIwill

10.We____lastnight,butwewenttotheconcertinstead.

 Amusthavestudied  Bmightstudy Cshouldhavestudied Dwouldstudy

11.Theywouldhaveboughtthathouse,whichstoodatthefootofthehill,____atthattime.

 A.thoughtheyhadn'thadenoughmoney B.otherwisethey