考研英语一试题真题及答案解析考研英语201.docx

考研英语一试题真题及答案解析考研英语201.docx

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考研英语一试题真题及答案解析考研英语201

绝密☆启用前

2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试

英语

（一）试题及答案解析

（科目代码：

201）

考生注意事项

1.答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生姓名和考生编号；在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位，考生姓名和考生编码，并涂写考生编号信息点。

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3.选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题纸指定位置的边框区域内。

超出答题区域写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。

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（以下信息考生必须认真填写）

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2020年考研英语一真题答案及解析

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions：

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.（10points）

Eveniffamiliesarelesslikelytositdowntoeattogetherthanwasoncethecase,millionsofBritonswillnonethelesshavepartakenthisweekendofoneofthenation'sgreattraditions:

theSundayroast. __1__acoldwinter'sday,fewculinarypleasurescan__2__it. Yetaswereportnow,thefoodpolicearedeterminedthatthis__3__shouldberenderedyetanotherguiltypleasure__4__todamageourhealth.

TheFoodStandardsAuthority（FSA）has__5__apublicwarningabouttherisksofacompoundcalledacrylamidethatformsinsomefoodscooked__6__hightemperatures.Thismeansthatpeopleshould__7__crispingtheirroastpotatoes,spurnthin-crustpizzasandonly__8__toasttheirbread. Butwhereistheevidencetosupportsuchalarmistadvice?

 __9__studieshaveshownthatacrylamidecancauseneurologicaldamageinmice,thereisno__10__evidencethatitcausescancerinhumans. 

Scientistssaythecompoundis"__11__tobecarcinogenic"buthavenohardscientificproof. __12__theprecautionaryprinciple,itcouldbearguedthatitis__13__tofollowtheFSAadvice. __14__,itwasrumoredthatsmokingcausedcancerforyearsbeforetheevidencewasfoundtoprovea__15__.

Doubtlessapieceofboiledbeefcanalwaysbe__16__uponSundayalongsidesomesteamedvegetables,withouttheYorkshirepuddingandnowine. Butwouldlifebeworthliving?

 __17__,theFSAsaysitisnottellingpeopletocutoutroastfoods__18__,buttoreducetheirlifetimeintake. However,their__19__riskscomingacrossasexhortationandnannying. Constanthealthscaresjust__20__withnoonelistening.

1.AInBTowardsCOnDTill

2.AmatchBexpressCsatisfyDinfluence

3.ApatienceBenjoymentCsurpriseDconcern

4.AintensifiedBprivilegedCcompelledDguaranteed

5.AissuedBreceivedCignoredDcanceled

6.AunderBatCforDby

7.AforgetBregretCfinishDavoid

8.ApartiallyBregularlyCeasilyDinitially

9.AUnlessBSinceCIfDWhile

10.AsecondaryBexternalCinconclusiveDnegative

11.AinsufficientBboundClikelyDslow

12.AOnthebasisofBAtthecostofCInadditiontoDIncontrastto

13.AinterestingBadvisableCurgentDfortunate

14.AAsusualBInparticularCBydefinitionDAfterall

15.AresemblanceBcombinationCconnectionDpattern

16.AmadeBservedCsavedDused

17.ATobefairBForinstanceCTobebriefDingeneral

18.AreluctantlyBentirelyCgraduallyDcarefully

19.ApromiseBexperienceCcampaignDcompetition

20.AfollowupBpickupCopenupDendup

SectionⅡReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）

Text1

21.Copperandhercolleaguearguethata"townofculture"awardwould___.

A.consolidatethetowncitytiesinBritain

B.promotecooperationamongBrain'stowns

C.increasetheeconomicstrengthofBrain'stowns

D.focusBrain'slimitedresourcesonculturalevents.

22.Accordingtoparagraph2,theproposalmightberegardedbysomeas______..

A.asensiblecompromise

B.aself-deceivingattempt

C.aneye-catchingbonus

D.aninaccessibletarget

23.Theauthorsuggeststhatatitleholderissuccessfulonlyifit______

A.endeavortomaintainitsimage

B.meetstheaspirationofitspeople

C.bringsitslocalartstoprominence

D.commitstoitslong-termgrowth

24.“Glasgow”ismentionedinParagraph3topresent______

A.acontrastingcase

B.asupportingexample

C.abackgroundstory

D.arelatedtopic

25.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheproposal?

A.SkepticalB.ObjectiveC.FavorableD.Critical

Text2

Scientificpublishinghaslongbeenalicencetoprintmoney.Scientistsneedjoumalsinwhichtopublish

theirresearch,sotheywillsupplythearticleswithoutmonetaryreward.Otherscientistsperformthespecialisedworkofpeerreviewalsoforfree,becauseitisacentralelementintheacquisitionofstatusandtheproductionofscientificknowledge.

Withthecontentofpaperssecuredforfree,thepublisherneedsonlyfndamarketforitsjournal.Untilthiscentury,universitylibrarieswerenotverypricesensitive.Scientificpublishersroutinelyreportprofitmarginsapproaching40%ontheiroperations,atatimewhentherestofthepublishingindustryisinanexistentialcrisis.

TheDutchgiantElsevier,whichclaimstopublish25%ofthescientificpapersproducedintheworld,madeprofitsofmorethan£900mlastyear,whileUKuniversitiesalonespentmorethan£210min2016toenableresearcherstoaccesstheirownpubliclyfundedresearch;bothfiguresseemtoriseunstoppablydespiteincreasinglydesperateeffortstochangethem.

Themostdrastic,andthoroughlyillegal,reactionhasbeentheemergenceofSci-Hub,akindofglobalphotocopierforscientificpapers,setupin2012,whichnowclaimstoofferaccesstoeverypaywalledarticlepublishedsince2015.ThesuccessofSci-Hub,whichreliesonresearcherspassingoncopiestheyhavethemselveslegallyaccessed,showsthelegalecosystemhaslostlegitimacyamongitsusersandmustbetransformedsothatitworksforallparticipants.

InBritainthemovetowardsopenaccesspublishinghasbeendrivenbyfundingbodies.Insomewaysithasbeenverysuccessful.MorethanhalfofallBritishscientificresearchisnowpublishedunderopenaccessterms:

eitherfreelyavailablefromthemomentofpublication,orpaywalledforayearormoresothatthepublisherscanmakeaprofitbeforebeingplacedongeneralrelease.

Yetthenewsystemhasnotworkedoutanycheaperfortheuniversities.Publishershaverespondedtothedemandthattheymaketheirproductfreetoreadersbychargingtheirwritersfeestocoverthecostsofpreparinganarticle.Theserangefromaround￡500to$5,000.Areportlastyearpointedoutthatthecostsbothofsubscriptionsandofthese’’articlepreparationcosts’’hadbeensteadilyrisingatarateaboveinflation.Insomewaysthescientificpublishingmodelresemblestheeconomyofthesocialinternet:

labourisprovidedfreeinexchangeforthehopeofstatus,whilehugeprofitsaremadebyafewbigfirmswhorunthemarketplaces.Inbothcases,weneedarebalancingofpower.

26.Scientificpublishingisseenas“alicencetoprintmoney"partlybecause________

[A]itsfundinghasenjoyedasteadyincrease.

[B]itsmarketingstrategyhasbeensuccessful.

[C]itspaymentforpeerreviewisreduced.

[D]itscontentacquisitioncostsnothing.

27.AccordingtoParagraphs2and3,scientificpublishersElsevierhave________

[A]thrivedmainlyonuniversitylibraries.

[B]gonethroughanexistentialcrisis.

[C]revivedthepublishingindustry.

[D]financedresearchersgenerously.

28.HowdoestheauthorfeelaboutthesuccessofSci-Hub?

[A]Relieved.

[B]Puzzled.

[C]Concerned

[D]Encouraged.

29.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraphs5and6thatopenaccessterms________

[A]allowpublisherssomeroomtomakemoney.

[B]renderpublishingmucheasierforscientists.

[C]reducethecostofpublicationsubstantially.

[D]freeuniversitiesfromfinancialburdens.

30.Whichofthefollowingcharacterisesthescientificpublishingmodel?

[A]Trialsubscriptionisoffered.

[B]Labourtriumphsoverstatus.

[C]Costsarewellcontrolled.

D]Thefewfeedonthemany.

Text3

Progressivesoftensupportdiversitymandatesasapathtoequalityandawaytoleveltheplayingfield.Butalltoooftensuchpoliciesareaninsincereformofvirtue-signalingthatbenefitsonlythemostprivilegedanddoeslittletohelpaveragepeople.

ApairofbillssponsoredbyMassachusettsstateSenatorJasonLewisandHouseSpeakerProTemporePatriciaHaddad,toensure"genderparity"onboardsandcommissions,provideacaseinpoint.

HaddadandLewisareconcernedthatmorethanhalfthestate-governmentboardsarelessthan40percentfemale.Inordertoensurethatelitewomenhavemoresuchopportunities,theyhaveproposedimposinggovernmentquotas.Ifthebillsbecomelaw,stateboardsandcommissionswillberequiredtosetaside50percentofboardseatsforwomenby2022.

ThebillsaresimilartoameasurerecentlyadoptedinCalifomia,whichlastyearbecamethefirststatetorequiregenderquotasforprivatecompanies.Insigningthemeasure,CaliforniaGovernorJerryBrownadmittedthatthelaw,whichexpresslyclassifiespeopleonthebasisofsex,isprobablyunconstitutional.

TheUSSupremeCourtfrownsonsex-basedclassificationsunlesstheyaredesignedtoaddressan"important"policyinterest,BecausetheCalifornialawappliestoallboards,evenwherethereisnohistoryofpriordiscrimination,courtsarelikelytorulethatthelawviolatestheconstitutionalguaranteeof"equalprotection".

Butaresuchgovernmentmandatesevennecessary?

Femaleparticipationoncorporateboardsmaynotcurrentlymirrorthepereentageofwomeninthegeneralpopulation,bu