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版高考英语一轮课时提升作业三十八选修8Unit3Word版含答案
课时提升作业三十八
选修8 Unit3 Inventorsandinventions
（限时35分钟）
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Attheendofeveryyear,Timepicksthebest25inventionsthatare“makingtheworldbetterandsmarter”.Herewehavepickedthreeofthisyear’sinventionsthatcouldbeapartofyourlifeinthenearfuture.
Thelevitating（悬浮的）lightbulb
ThisspeciallightbulbwasinventedbyUSartistandscientistSimonMorris.Hegottheideaofmakingalightbulbfloatfromhoverboards（悬浮滑板）,whichheusedtodreamofhavingasakid.
Butthefloatingisnotthemostamazingpart.Therejectionforcebetweentheoppositeendsofthemagnets（磁铁）,whichwereputinthebottomofthebulbandinthewoodenbase,doesthejob.What’snewhereisatechnologycalledinduction（电磁感应）.Itallowsthelightbulbtogetpowerfromthebaseeventheyarenotincontact.
Shoesthattiethemselves
They’renotwhatyouthink—shoelacesthattiethemselvesinthewaywetiethem.Instead,thenewshoeshavesmallmotorsthatcontroltheirlaces.Whenyoustepinthem,yourfeetwillhitasensor（传感器）intheshoesandthemotorwillautomaticallytightenthelaces.
Buttheshoesweren’tjustdesignedforlazypeople’sneeds.Theycouldactuallygiveathletesanadvantageduringcompetition.Theyarealsousefulforpeoplewhocannotmovetheirarmsorfingerseasily.
Theno-touchthermometer（体温计）
Takingyourbodytemperatureusuallymeansputtingathermometerinyourarmpits（腋窝）andstayingstillforminutes.Itmaybeeasyforyou,butit’sanimpossibletaskforlittlekids.
Now,withthenewthermometer,userscansimplyputit2.5centimetersfromapatient’sforeheadandpressthebutton,anditcangetthereadingintwoseconds.
【文章大意】本文为科技说明文。
文章介绍了《时代周刊》评出的年度最佳发明。
1.Thelevitatinglightbulbisspecialinthat________.
A.floatingisthemostamazingpartofthelevitatinglightbulb
B.theinventorofthelevitatinglightbulbismorethanascientist
C.itmakesuseoftherejectionforcebetweenoppositeendsofmagnets
D.inductionallowsthelightbulbtogetpowerevenwhenunconnectedwiththebase
【解析】选D。
细节理解题。
根据Thelevitatinglightbulb部分的Butthefloatingisnotthemostamazingpart.以及What’snewhereisatechnologycalledinduction.Itallowsthelightbulbtogetpowerfromthebaseeventheyarenotincontact.可知,这种灯泡的特别之处不是悬浮,而是在可以不接触的情况下得到电。
故选D。
2.Howistheno-touchthermometerdifferentfromotherones?
A.Itmakesiteasiertotakekid’stemperature.
B.Youneedwaittwominutesforthereading.
C.Youdon’tneedtopressthebutton.
D.Itshouldbeputinone’sarmpit.
【解析】选A。
推理判断题。
根据Theno-touchthermometer部分的Itmaybeeasyforyou,butit’sanimpossibletaskforlittlekids.Now,withthenewthermometer,userscansimplyputit2.5centimetersfromapatient’sforehead...可推知,no-touchthermometer使给小孩量体温更容易了。
故选A。
3.Inwhichpartofanewspapercanyoupossiblyreadthistext?
A.Education. B.Sports.
C.Science. D.Entertainment.
【解析】选C。
推理判断题。
本文主要介绍了《时代周刊》评出的年度最佳发明,应该属于报纸上的科技板块。
故选C。
【知识拓展】词汇积累
1.inventionn.发明;发明物
2.bottomn.底部;末端
3.automaticallyadv.自动地;无意识地
4.buttonn.按钮,电钮
5.incontact接触
B
AlmosteverybodyinAmericawillspendapartofhisorherlifebehindashoppingcart.Theywillinalifetime,pushthechrome-platedcontraptionsmanymiles.Butfewwillknow—oreventhinktoask—whoitwasthatinventedthem.
SylvanN.Goldmaninventedtheshoppingcartin1937.Atthattimehewasinthesupermarketbusiness.Everydayhewouldseeshopperslugginggroceriesaroundinbasketstheyhadtocarry.
OnedayGoldmansuddenlyhadtheideaofputtingbasketsonwheels.Thewheeledbasketswouldmakeshoppingmucheasierforhiscustomers,andwouldhelptoattractmorebusiness.
OnJune4,1937,Goldman’sfirstcartswerereadyforuseinhismarket.Hewasterriblyexcitedonthemorningofthatdayascustomersbeganarriving.Hecouldn’twaittoseethemusinghisinvention.
ButGoldmanwasdisappointed.Mostshoppersgavethecartsalonglook,buthardlyanybodywouldgivethematry.
Afterawhile,Goldmandecidedtoaskcustomerswhytheyweren’tusinghiscarts.“Don’tyouthinkthisarmisstrongenoughtocarryashoppingbasket?
”oneshopperreplied.
ButGoldmanwasn’tbeatenyet.Heknewhiscartswouldbeagreatsuccessifonlyhecouldpersuadepeopletogivethematry.Tothisend,Goldmanhiredagroupofpeopletopushcartsaroundhismarketandpretendtheywereshopping!
Seeingthis,therealcustomersgraduallybegancopyingthephony（假的）customers.
AsGoldmanhadhoped,thecartsweresoonattractinglargerandlargernumbersofcustomerstohismarket.Butnotonlydidmorepeoplecome—thosewhocameboughtmore.Withlargereasier-to-handlebaskets,customersunconsciouslyboughtagreaternumberofitemsthanbefore.
Today’sshoppingcartsarefivetimeslargerthanGoldman’soriginalmodel.PerhapsthatisonereasonwhyAmericanstodayspendmorethanfivetimesasmuchmoneyonfoodeachyearastheydidbefore1937—thecomingoftheshoppingcart.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。
讲述了购物手推车的发展史。
购物车的发明者SylvanN.Goldman为了使购物简易化,也为了扩大生意,发明了购物车。
而现在购物车也有了很大变化,更加适应顾客需求。
4.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“chrome-platedcontraptions”inthefirstparagraphreferto?
A.Baskets. B.Privatecars.
C.Suitcases.D.Shoppingcarts.
【解析】选D。
词义推测题。
由全文大意以及第一段内容和“shoppingcart”可知,主要讲述关于购物车的事情。
5.WhatwasthepurposeofGoldman’sinvention?
A.Itwastoprovehimtobeagoodinventor.
B.Itwastoreducetheburdenofhisemployees’work.
C.Itwastomakeshoppingeasierandattractmorebusiness.
D.Itwastohelpthedisabledmakeshoppingeasilyinhismarket.
【解析】选C。
细节理解题。
由第三段中的Thewheeledbasketswouldmakeshoppingmucheasierforhiscustomers,andwouldhelptoattractmorebusiness可知,SylvanN.Goldman是为了吸引顾客以及让购物简易化而发明带轮子的购物车。
6.Goldmanhiredagroupofpeopletopushcartsaroundhismarketinorderto________.
A.attractpeopletobuythingsinhismarket
B.encouragepeopletousehisshoppingcarts
C.makehismarketdifferentfromtheothers
D.keepthegroceriesfrombeingstolen
【解析】选B。
细节理解题。
由第七段“ButGoldmanwasn’tbeatenyet.Heknewhiscartswouldbeagreatsuccessifonlyhecouldpersuadepeopletogivethematry.”可知,SylvanN.Goldman是为了鼓励人们使用推车。
7.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?
A.Goldmanwillbecomeveryfamousbecauseofhisinvention.
B.Goldman’sinventionwillberegardedasthegreatestoneintheworld.
C.SupermarketbusinesshasbenefitedalotfromGoldman’sinvention.
D.TherewillbenothingthatcanreplaceGoldman’sinvention.
【解析】选C。
推理判断题。
最后一段“PerhapsthatisonereasonwhyAmericanstodayspendmorethanfivetimesasmuchmoneyonfoodeachyearastheydidbefore1937—thecomingoftheshoppingcart.”意为随着购物车体积增大购物消费也变多了。
推理可知购物车促进了商业发展。
【知识拓展】难句解读
PerhapsthatisonereasonwhyAmericanstodayspendmorethanfivetimesasmuchmoneyonfoodeachyearastheydidbefore1937—thecomingoftheshoppingcart.
结构:
状语,主语+系动词+表语+定语从句+状语从句+同位语
翻译:
也许这就是为什么美国人现在每年花在食物上的钱是1937之前的五倍——购物车的到来。
Ⅱ.阅读填句
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
Mostcarshaveseatbeltsaspartoftheirequipment.Seatbeltsprotectdriversandpassengersincaseofaccidents.Theyalsoreducetheeffectofacrashonthebody. 1 Worldwide,thedeviceshaveprotecteduptoamillionpeople.
Americafirstrecognizedtheinventionofanautomobileseatbeltin1849.ThegovernmentgaveapatenttoanengineernamedEdwardClaghornofNewYorkCitysothatotherswouldnotcopyhisinventionofasafetydevice. 2 Thisearlyversionofsafetybeltwassaidtoincludehooksandotherattachmentsforsecuringthepersontoafixedobject.
Otherinventorsfollowedwithdifferentversionsoftheseatbelt. 3 ItresultedfromtheworkofaSwedishengineer,NilsBohlin.Histhree-point,lapandshoulderseatbeltfirstappearedoncarsinEurope50yearsago.
NilsBohlinrecognizedthatboththeupperandlowerbodyneededtobeheldsecurelyinplace.Hisinventioncontainedaclothstrap（带子）thatwasplacedacrossthechestandanotherstrapacrossthehips. 4 .
Volvowasthefirstcompanytoofferthemodernseatbelttoitscars.ThiscompanyalsoprovideduseofNilsBohlin’sdesigntoothercar-makers.
5 HereceivedagoldmedalfromtheRoyalSwedishAcademyofEngineeringSciencesin1995.HediedinSwedenin2002.
A.Thedesignjoinedthestrapsnexttothehip.
B.Claghorncalledhisinventionasafetybelt.
C.TheSwedishengineerwonmanyhonorsforhisseatbelt.
D.Claghornwasapromisingyoungengineerwithmanyhonorsallhislife.
E.Butmorethan100yearspassedbeforethecurrentseatbeltwasdeveloped.
F.SafetyexpertssaythatseatbeltssavethousandsoflivesayearinAmericaalone.
G.TherearemanycompaniesadoptingNilsBohlin’sinventionoftheseatbelt.
1.【解析】选F。
根据后面的“Worldwide,thedeviceshaveprotecteduptoamillionpeople.（安全带挽救了世界上一百多万人的生命）”可知,先说安全带在美国的作用,再说安全带在全世界的作用。
故F项“SafetyexpertssaythatseatbeltssavethousandsoflivesayearinAmericaalone”符合语境。
2.【解析】选B。
前面一句“ThegovernmentgaveapatenttoanengineernamedEdwardClaghornofNewYorkCitysothatotherswouldnotcopyhisinventionofasafetydevice.”交代这项安全装置的发明者申请了专利,接下来应该是发明者对该发明的命名。
B项“Claghorncalledhisinventionasafetybelt.”符合语境。
3.【解析】选E。
根据前一句“Otherinventorsfollowedwithdifferentversionsoftheseatbelt.”可知其他的发明者发明出不同款式的安全带,接着应该叙述现在的安全带的样式是如何确定的。
故E项“Butmorethan100yearspassedbeforethecurrentseatbeltwasdeveloped”符合上下文。
4.【解析】选A。
从本段的第一句可知NilsBohlin认为身体的上端和下端都需要安全地固定在某个地方;所以接下来的两句描述他的发明是如何做到这一点的。
故A项“Thedesignjoinedthestrapsnexttothehip.”衔接上一句。
5.【解析】选C。
根据下一句“Her
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