届本科毕业论文样本5.docx

届本科毕业论文样本5.docx

《届本科毕业论文样本5.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《届本科毕业论文样本5.docx（14页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。

届本科毕业论文样本5

本科生毕业论文

题目

学生姓名

学号

专业班级

指导教师

完成时间2014年5月

THESYNTAXOFNOUNPHRASES

THESIS

Submittedinpartialfulfillmentoftherequirementsfor

ThedegreeofBachelorofArts

InHunanUniversityofArtsandScience

ByLiuBo

Supervisor:

LiBin

May2014

HunanUniversityofArtsandScience

摘要

隐喻研究归根到底是隐喻机制的研究，它是隐喻研究的核心。

两千多年来，隐喻一直被仅仅看作一种修辞手段，一种语言的陪衬，被看作是两种不同事物事先存在的相似性的比较或一个词对另一词的替代，进而形成对隐喻阐述的比较论和替代论。

现代学者通过大量研究表明，隐喻不仅仅是一种修辞手段，更重要的是，它是人类的主要认知方式。

隐喻这一认知方式，给人们一种新的视角，创造一种相似。

因此，现代学者着重于阐述相似是如何被创造出来的。

在众多的隐喻理论中，影响较大的有布莱克和莱科夫的隐喻理论。

（大约200-300字左右）

关键词：

隐喻；搭配；术语

（中文摘要的内容和关键词应与英文摘要相对应，关键词3-5个，词与词之间用分号分开）

Abstract

Themechanismofmetaphorisactuallythenucleusofthestudyofmetaphor.Formorethantwothousandyears,metaphorwasviewedasadeviceofrhetoric,anattachmenttolanguage.Inaccordancewiththisperspective,metaphorwasacomparisonbetweentwothingsthatdonotbelongtothesamecategoryorwasregardedasonewordusedtosubstituteanotherbecausetherewerepreexistingsimilaritiesbetweenthem.Asaresultofthisperspective,twotheoriestookshape:

onewastheComparisonTheory,theotherwastheTheoryofSubstitution.Butmodernscholarsdiscardtheperspective,holdingthatmetaphorisnotonlyadeviceofrhetoric,tobemoreimportant,itisaleadingwayforhumanbeingstoknowthisworld,awayofthinking.

Keywords:

metaphor;collocation;terms

（注意：

关键词3-5个，字体要加粗，词与词之间用分号分开）

Contents

摘要……………………………………………………………….i

Abstract…………………………………………….……….………..ii

Introduction……………………………………...………..1

Chapter1AHistoricalRetrospectionofMetaphor………...………...2

1.1AristotelianSchool:

Metaphor—ADeviceofRhetoric…..……….2

1.2ThePlatonicSchool—LanguageisMetaphorical….…………….5

……….

Chapter4TheMechanismofMetaphor…….………………...15

4.1Black’sInteractionTheory…………………………....................15

4.1.1IntroductiontotheInteractionTheory……………………...15

4.1.2SomeDefectsoftheInteractionTheory……………………16

4.2LakoffianConceptualMetaphorTheory………………………...19

……….

Conclusion…………………….…………………………………42

Bibliography…………………………………..………………………45

Acknowledgements

（注：

正文不少于2章，多于5章）

Introduction

Thestudyofmetaphorhaslongbeenwithusandthefocusofthestudyisthemechanismofmetaphor.Itisthemostsignificantandindispensablepartofthestudy.Formorethantwothousandyears,thestudyiscarriedonmainlyfromtheperspectiveofrhetoric,viewingmetaphorasadeviceofrhetoric,anembellishmentoflanguage.TherepresentativeofthetheoriesinthislongperiodisAristotle’sComparisonTheoryandQuintilian’sTheoryofSubstitution.Becausemetaphorisnotonlyarhetoricalphenomenon,butalsooneofcognition,theinterpretation…….itismoreismofmetaphorthantheothertwo.（以下省略，Introduction部分字数至少需要1个page）

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Chapter1

AHistoricalRetrospectionofMetaphor

2.1AristotelianSchool:

Metaphor--ADeviceofRhetoric

AndrewOrtony（1979:

3）,oneofthemostinfluentialwritersonmetaphor,haspointedout,andtherearefewwhowoulddisagreewithhim,thatitisstillthecasethat“AnyseriousstudyofmetaphorisalmostobligedtostartwiththeworksofAristotle”.

InPoetics,Aristotle（350B.C.:

71）expoundstheessence,functionandthewayofexplanationofmetaphorasthreenuclei.Hedefinesmetaphoras“theapplicationofanaliennamebytransferenceeitherfromgenustospecies,orfromspeciestogenus,orfromspeciestospecies,orbyanalogy,thatis,proportion”.Thenhegivesfourkindsofmetaphor:

Since‘lyingatanchor’isaspeciesofthegenus‘lying’,onecansay‘thereliesmyship’（genus-to-speciesmetaphor）,since‘tenthousand’isaspeciesofa‘largenumber’,onecansayverilytenthousandnobledeedshathOdysseuswrought（species-to-genusmetaphor）.Since‘todrawaway’and‘tocleave’areeachaspeciesofthegenus‘takingaway’,onecansaywithbladeofbronzedrewawaythelife（species-to-speciesmetaphor）.Andsinceoldageistolifeaseveningtotheday,onecansaythatoldageistheeveningoflife（ibid.）.（此符号ibid.意为同上，引文出处与上相同。

）

Allmetaphors,Aristotlebelieves,fallintoatleastoneofthesefourcategories,althoughanalogy……topoetry（ibid.72）.Thisperspectiveleadstothelatertheoristsmakingdistinctionbetweenpoeticlanguageandeverydaylanguage.EspeciallyinChapter21and22ofPoetics,Aristotlestatesthateveryword“iseithercurrent,orstrange,ormetaphor,orornamental,ornewlycoined,orlengthened,orcontracted,oraltered”（ibid.70）.ItisobviousthatAristotleclassifiesmetaphorsaslyingoutsidenormallanguageuse.Theyaredeviantoraberrantformsofdiscourse.Healsoholdsthatmetaphorhasnocognitivevalueandismerelyanembellishmentoflanguage（Kittay,1996）.Alsointhischapterheelaborateshowmetaphorsareunusual…….“Ametaphorcanthereforeonlydescribepreexistingsimilarities.Itcan’tcreatesimilarities”（Lakoff&Johnson,1980:

153）.（如果在论文中引用同一作者的不同的著作，应加上出版年代以示区别）………………………………………………

Chapter4

TheMechanismofMetaphor

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

4.1Black’sInteractionTheory

4.1.1IntroductiontoInteractionTheory

InteractionTheorywasoriginatedfromI.A.Richards’theory.Inhisdefinitionhesays:

“Inthesimplestformulation,whenweuseametaphorwehavetwothoughtsofdifferentthingsactivetogetherandsupportedbyasingleword,orphrase,whosemeaningisaresultantoftheirinteraction”（Richard,1998:

89）.Themostimportantinthisdefinitionis“twoactive……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4.3TheConceptualIntegrationTheory

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

4.3.1AnIntroductiontotheConceptualIntegrationTheory

ConceptualIntegrationTheorywasproposedbyGillesFauconnierandMarkTurner………………………

4.3.1.1FourMentalSpaces

InBT,thebasisunitofcognitiveorganizationisnotthedomainbutthementalspaces,whichareapartialandtemporaryrepresentationalstructurethatspeakersconstructwhenthinkingortalkingaboutaperceived,imagined,past,present……………………………

Conclusion

Thestudyofmetaphoris,inessence,thestudyofhowmetaphorworks.Itisthenucleusofmetaphorstudy.Modernscholarsdiscardtheperspectivethatmetaphorisadeviceofrhetoric,anattachmenttolanguage,andclaimthatmetaphorisofcognitionandisomnipresent;itisawayofhumanthinking.Moreover,theyholdthatmetaphorcreatessimilarityinsteadofcomparingtwothingswhicharebasedonthepreexistingsimilarity.Hence,themechanismofmetaphoristointerprethowsimilarityiscreated.Black’stheoryandLakoffiantheory,duetosomedefectsanddeficiencies,arenotabletogiveacleardescriptionofthecreationofsimilarity.Theyendeavortoexpoundtheappearanceofanewstructureafteranovelmetaphor,buttheyfailtodothatandresultin“isomorphism”.

Themechanismofmetaphorissophisticated.Itisaresultofvariousfactors.Interacting,projectingandblendingconstitutetheprocess.ItisobviousthatBT,onthebasisofthetwoabove-mentionedtheories,focusesonsolvingtheproblemofthe“isomorphism”-structure.Toavoidcommittingthesamemistakethatalltheknowledge,thefeaturesmappedfromthesourcedomainandthestructure（topology）ofthetargetdomainareinterwoven…….（Conclusion部分字数至少需要1个page）

Bibliography

Belletti,A.Thecaseofunaccusatives[J].LinguisticInquiry.1988（19）:

1-34.

Stowell,Timothy.OriginsofPhraseStructure[D].Cambridge,Mass.:

MIT,1981

Williams,E.GovernmentandBindingTheoryandtheMinimalistProgram[M].Oxford:

Blackwell.1984.

黄和斌,戴秀华.从IP/CP分析法看若干英语结构[J].外国语,1999（5）:

25-31.

石毓智.语法的认知语义基础[M].南昌:

江西教育出版社,2000.

章振邦.新编英语语法[M].上海:

外语教育出版社,1997.

（注：

M代表专著、J代表期刊文章、D代表学位论文，更多内容参见毕业论文格式详解）

Acknowledgements

Ihaveeternalgratitudeto…,mytutor,forhisinestimablehelpandvaluableinstruction,andtoProfessor…,forhisinsightfullectures,whichinspiremetocomposethisdissertation.

IamgreatlyindebtedtoProfessor…forhisallowingmetohaveaccesstohisbookspertinenttothisdissertation.

IalsothankthosewhohelpmeincourseofthewritingandwhosenamesIcan’tlisthereonebyone.

注：

此页不需要标注页码