大学英语四级阅读练习2.docx

大学英语四级阅读练习2.docx

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大学英语四级阅读练习2

 　大学英语四级阅读练习

（1）

Personalityis,tolargeextent,inherent--A-typeparentsusuallybringaboutA-typeoffspring.Buttheenvironmentmustalsohaveaprofoundeffect,sinceifcompetitionisimprotanttotheparents,itislikelytobecomeamajorfactorlivesoftheirchildren.

OneplacewherechildrensoakupAcharacteristicsisschool,whichis,byitsverynature,ahighlycompetitiveinstitution.Toomanyschoolsadoptthe"winatallcosts"moralstandardandmeasuretheirsuccessbysportingachievements.Thecurrentpassionformakingchildrencompeteagainsttheirclassmatesoragainsttheclockproducesatwo-layersystem,inwhichcompetitiveAtypesseeminsomewaybetterthanthierB-typefellows.Beingtookeentowincanhavedangerousconsequences:

rememberthatPheidippides,thefirstmarathonrunner,droppeddeadsecondsaftersaying:

"Rejoice,weconquer!

".

Byfartheworstformofcompetitioninschoolisthedisproportionateemphasisonexaminations.Itisarareschoolthatallowspupilstoconcentrateonthosethingstheydowell.Themeritsofcompetitionbyexaminationaresomewhatquestionable,butcompetitioninthecertainknowledgeoffailureispositivelyharmful.

Obviously,itisneitherpracticalnordesirablethatallAyoungsterschangeinto'B's.Thewouldneedstypes,andschoolshaveanimportantdutytotrytofitachild'spersonalitytohispossiblefutureemployment.Itistopmanagement.

1.Acoordingtotheauthor,wahtfactorscontributetothebuildingofpersonality?

a.inheritance

b.inheritance,competitionandenvironment

petition

d.environment

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottureaccordingtotheauthorofthepassage?

a.Schoolsusuallyadoptseverecompetitivepolicies.

b.Studentsareoftendividedbycompetitionresults.

c.Schoolisplacewherechildrencultivatetheircharacteristics.

d.Thestrongerdesireforwinning,thebetter.

3.Thephrase"soakup"isclosestinmeaningto____.

a.pullup

b.takeup

c.takein

d.pullin

4.Whatattitudedoestheauthorholdtowardexaminationsinschools?

a.positive

b.negative

c.doubtful

d.neutral

5.whatsuggestiondoestheauthormakeconcerningthemanagementofschools?

a.AllstudentsbemadeintocompetitiveAtypes.

b.Achild'spersonalitybeconsideredinregardtohispossiblefuturejob.

c.AllstudentsbechangedintoBcharacteristics.

d.Schoolsabolishallformsofexaminations.

大学英语四级阅读练习

（2）

Askedtonametheirfavoritecity,manyAmerianswouldselectSanFranciscobeganasasmallSpanishoutpostlocatedonamagnificentbay.ThetownwaslittlemorethanavillageservingrancherswhentheUnitedStatestookpossessionofitin1846duringthewarwithMexico.

SanFranciscosprangintoacityovernightbecauseofthenearbydiscoveryofgoldin1848.AgreatrushtoCaliforniatookplace.Wagontrainsploddedtheirdangerouswayacross2000milesofprairieandmountains,whilehundredsofsailingvesselsmadetheequallyhazardoustriparoundtheHorn.Thevesselsdisgorgedthousandsofpassengers--thenthecrewsdesertedteirshipandhundredsofvesselswerelefttorotinthebay.Withintwoyears,CaliforniahadenoughpopulationtobecomeastateandSanFranciscowasformanyyearsthehubofthatnewly-arrivedpopulation.

Thecity'spresentpopularityisduetoanexcellentclimate,aneasystyleofliving,goodfood,andnumeroustouristattractions.Thecityisfamousforitscablecarswhich"clangandbang"upthesteephills,andforitsexcellentseafoodstalsalongthewharf.MostvisitorsarrivingfromnationsinthePacificBasinspendseveraldaysgettingtoknowthetown.

1.Accordingtothisarticle,whowerethefirstCalifornians?

a.desertersfromsailingships

b.spanishranchers

c.goldminers

d.tourists

2.sanfrancisco'sappealincludesallofthefollowingfactors____.

a.attractivelifestyle,goodseafood,desirableweather

b.touristattactions,extremeseasons,cablecars

c.wagontrains,goldmining,goodclimate

d.cablecars,pleasentclimate,flatterrain

3.sanfranciscotodayisathrivingcitybecauseof____.

a.heavyindustry

b.governmentalheadquarters

c.goldmining

d.tradeandtourism

4.InwahtyeardidCaliforniabecomeanAmericanstate?

a.1850

b.1852

c.1846

d.1848

大学英语四级阅读练习（3）

WhenonelooksbackuponthefifteenhundredyearsthatarethelifespanoftheEnglishlanguage,he

shouldbeabletonoticeanumberofsignificanttruths.Thehistoryofourlanguagehasalwaysbeena

historyofconstantchange—attimesaslow,almostimperceptiblechange,atothertimesaviolent

collisionbetweentwolanguages.Ourlanguagehasalwaysbeenalivinggrowingorganism,ithasnever

beenstatic.Anothersignificanttruththatemergesfromsuchastudyisthatlanguageatalltimeshas

beenthepossessionnotofoneclassorgroupbutofmany.『Atoneextremeithasbeenthepropertyof

thecommon,ignorantfolk,whohaveuseditinthedailybusinessoftheirliving,muchastheyhaveused

theiranimalsorthekitchenpotsandpans.』①Attheotherextremeithasbeenthetreasureofthose

whohaverespecteditasaninstrumentandasignofcivilization,andwhohavestruggledbywritingit

downtogiveitsomepermanence,order,dignity,andifpossible,alittlebeauty.     

　　Asweconsiderourchanginglanguage,weshouldnoteheretwodevelopmentsthatareofspecialand

immediateimportancetous.OneisthatsincethetimeoftheAnglo-Saxonstherehasbeenanalmost

completereversalofthedifferentdevicesforshowingtherelationshipofwordsinasentence.Anglo-

Saxon（oldEnglish）wasalanguageofmanyinflections.ModernEnglishhasfewinflections.Wemustnow

dependlargelyonwordorderandfunctionwordstoconveythemeaningsthattheolderlanguagedidby

meansofchangesintheformsofwords.Functionwords,youshouldunderstand,arewordssuchas

prepositions,conjunctions,andafewothersthatareusedprimarilytoshowrelationshipsamongother

words.Afewinflections,however,havesurvived.Andwhensomewordinflectionscomeintoconflictwith

wordorder,theremaybetroublefortheusersofthelanguage,asweshallseelaterwhenweturnour

attentiontosuchmatersasWHOorWHOMandMEorI.Thesecondfactwemustconsideristhataslanguage

itselfchanges,ourattitudestowardlanguageformschangealso.『Theeighteenthcentury,forexample,

producedfromvarioussourcesatendencytofixthelanguageintopatternsnotalwayssetinandgrew,

untilatthepresenttimethereisastrongtendencytorestudyandre-evaluatelanguagepracticesin

termsofthewaysinwhichpeoplespeakandwrite.』②    

1.Incontrasttotheearlierlinguists,modernlinguiststendto.    

A.attempttocontinuethestandardizationofthelanguage   　

B.evaluatelanguagepracticesintermsofcurrentspeechratherthanstandardsorproperpatterns     

C.bemoreconcernedabouttheimprovementofthelanguagethanitsanalysisorhistory    

D.bemoreawareoftherulesofthelanguageusage   

2.Choosetheappropriatemeaningfortheword“inflection”usedinline4ofparagraph2.    

A.Changesintheformsofwords.     

B.Changesinsentencestructures.    

C.Changesinspellingrules.    

D.Wordsthathavesimilarmeanings.   

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnotmentionedinthepassage?

A.Itisgenerallybelievedthattheyear1500canbesetasthebeginningofthemodernEnglish language.    

B.SomeotherlanguageshadgreatinfluenceontheEnglishlanguageatsomestagesofitsdevelopment.    

C.TheEnglishlanguagehasbeenandstillinastateofrelativelyconstantchange.  

D.ManyclassesorgroupshavecontributedtothedevelopmentoftheEnglishlanguage.  　

4.Theauthoroftheseparagraphsisprobablya（an）.   

A.historian B.philosopher  　C.anthropologist D.linguist 

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbebestusedasthetitleofthepassage?

A.ThehistoryoftheEnglishlanguage. 　　B.OurchangingattitudetowardstheEnglishlanguage.     

C.Ourchanginglanguage. 　D.SomecharacteristicsofmodernEnglish.

大学英语四级阅读练习（4）

 Cultureisoneofthemostchallengingelementsoftheinternationalmarketplace.『Thissystemoflearnedbehaviorpatternscharacteristicofthemembersofagivensocietyisconstantlyshapedbyasetofdynamicvariables:

language,religion,valuesandattitudes,mannersandcustoms,aesthetics,technology,education,andsocialinstitutions.』①Tocopewiththissystem,aninternationalmanagerneedsbothfactualandinterpretiveknowledgeofculture.Tosomeextent,thefactualknowledgecanbelearned;itsinterpretationcomesonlythroughexperience.   

Themostcomplicatedproblemsindealingwiththeculturalenvironmentstemfromthefactthatonecannotlearnculture—onehastoliveit.Twoschoolsofthoughtexistinthebusinessworldonhowtodealwithculturaldiversity.Oneisthatbusinessisbusinesstheworldaround,followingthemodelofPepsiandMcDonald’s.Insomecases,globalizationisafactoflife;however,culturaldifferencesarestillfarfromconverging.  　　

Theotherschoolproposesthatcompaniesmusttailorbusinessapproachestoindividualcultures.Settinguppoliciesandproceduresineachcountryhasbeencomparedtoanorgantransplant;thecriticalquestioncentersaroundacceptanceorrejection.Themajorchallengetotheinternationalmanageristomakesurethatrejectionisnotaresultofculturalmyopiaorevenblindness.   　　

Fortuneexaminedtheinternationalperformanceofadozenlargecompaniesthatearn20percentormoreoftheirrevenueoverseas.Theinternationallysuccessfulcompaniesallshareanimportantquality:

patience.Theyhavenotrushedintosituationsbutratherbuilttheiroperationscarefullybyf