高考英语阅读理解强化训练Day 66.docx

高考英语阅读理解强化训练Day 66.docx

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高考英语阅读理解强化训练Day66

高考英语阅读理解强化训练Day66

Passage1

InAHistoryofReading,theCanadiannovelistAlbertoMangueldescribesaremarkabletransformationofhumanconsciousness,whichtookplacearoundthe10thcenturyA.D.:

thearrivalofsilentreading.Humanbeingshavebeenreadingforthousandsofyears,butinancienttimes,thenormalthingwastoreadaloud.Withthearrivalofsilentreading,Manguelwrites,…thereaderwasatlastabletoestablishanunrestrictedrelationshipwiththebookandthewords.Thewordsnolongerneededtooccupythetimerequiredtopronouncethem.Thereader’sthoughtsinspectedthematleisure,drawingnewideasfromthem,allowingcomparisonsfrommemoryorfromotherbooks.

①Toreadsilentlyistofreeyourmindtoreflect,toremember,toquestionandcompare.ThecognitivescientistMaryanneWolfcallsthisfreedom“thesecretgiftoftimetothink”.Athousandyearslater,criticsfearthatdigitaltechnologyhasputthisgiftindanger.TheInternet’sfloodofinformation,togetherwiththedistractionsofsocialmedia,threatenstooverwhelmthespaceofreading,leavingusinwhatthejournalistNicholasCarrhascalled“theshallows”.InCarr’sview,the“endless,temptingbuzz”oftheInternetendangersourverybeing:

“Oneofthegreatestdangersweface,”hewrites,“aswegiveupcontrolovertheflowofourthoughtsandmemoriestoapowerfulelectronicsystem,isaslowdamagetoourhumannessandourhumanity.”

②There’snoquestionthatdigitaltechnologypresentschallengestothereadingbrain.Butseenfromahistoricalperspective,digitalreadingandsilentreadinglooklikedifferencesofdegree,ratherthanofkind.Totheextentthatdigitalreadingrepresentssomethingnew,itspotentialcutsbothways.Donebadly,theInternetreducesustomindlessclickers,racingnumblytothebottomofabottomlessfeed;butdonewell,ithasthepotentialtoexpandtheverycontemplative（沉思的）spacethatwehaveprizedinourselveseversincewelearnedtoreadwithoutmovingourlips.

③InthefifthcenturyB.C.,Socratesworriedthatwritingwouldweakenhumanmemory,andstifle（扼杀）judgment.Infact,asWolfnotesinher2007bookProustandtheSquid:

theStoryandScienceoftheReadingBrain,theoppositehappened:

Facedwiththewrittenpage,thereader’sbraindevelopsnewcapacities.

④TheInternetmaycauseourmindstowanderoff,andyetaquicklookatthehistoryofbookssuggeststhatwehavebeenwanderingoffallalong.Whenweread,theeyedoesnotprogresssteadilyalongthelineoftext;italternatesbetweensaccades—littlejumps—andbriefstops,notunlikethemovementofthemouse’scursoracrossascreenofhypertext.

It’struethatstudieshavefoundthatreadersgiventextonascreendoworseonrecallandcomprehensionteststhanreadersgiventhesametextonpaper.Buta2015studybytheGermaneducatorJohannesNaumannsuggeststheopposite.Hegaveagroupofhigh-schoolstudentsthejoboftrackingdowncertainpiecesofinformationonwebsites;hefoundthatthestudentswhoregularlydidresearchonlinewerebetteratthistaskthanstudentswhousedtheInternetmostlytosendemail,chat,andblog.

Anewgenerationofdigitalwriterspreferstoincludeinteractivefeatures.The2014iPadnovel,Pry,tellsthestoryofademolition（爆破）expertreturninghomefromthefirstGulfWar.Thestoryistoldintext,photographs,videoclips,andaudio.Itusesaninterface（界面）thatallowsyoutofollowtheactionandshiftbetweenlevelsofawareness.Asyoureadtextonthescreen,describingcharactersandplot,youdrawyourfingersapartandseeaphotographofthechiefcharacter,hiseyesopeningontheworld.Pinchyourfingershutandyouvisithistroubledunconscious;wordsandimagesraceby,asifyouareinsidehismemory.Pryistheoppositeofashallowwork;itswholeplayisbetweenthesurfaceandthedepthsofthehumanmind.Readingitisstimulating.

1.InAlbertoManguel’sopinion,silentreading________.

A.isanabnormalthingtohumanconsciousness

B.offersreaders’mindfreedomandtimetothink

C.strengthensreaders’powerofmemoryandreflection

D.allowsreaderstogainaninsightintobooksandwords

2.Whyisdigitaltechnologyconsideredtohaveendangeredourbeing?

A.Itpresentschallengestothereadingbrain.

B.Itharmsourhumannessandhumanitygradually.

C.Itisverylikelytoexpandourcontemplativespace.

D.Itleavesourthoughtsandmemoriesoutofcontrol.

3.Thesentence“Thefearoftechnologyisnotnew.”shouldbeplacedin________.

A.①B.②C.③D.④

4.WhatcanweinferfromJohannesNaumann’sstudy?

A.It’seasiertocollectinformationontheInternetthaninbooks.

B.People’shabitofusingtheInternetinfluencestheirperformance.

C.TheInternetisn’tsupposedtobeusedasatoolofentertainment.

D.Paperreadingisbetterthanscreenreadinginimprovingcomprehension.

5.The2014iPadnovel,Pry,ismentionedinthelastparagraphto______.

A.introducetheoccurrenceofareadingrevolution

B.showthetechnologyemployedindigitalreading

C.provedigitalreadingnotshallowbutattractive

D.illustratetheimpactdigitalreadinghasonourlife.

6.Whatisprobablythebesttitleforthepassage?

A.Thedeepspaceofdigitalreading

B.Thetimelyarrivalofsilentreading

C.Thedevelopmentoftraditionalreading

D.Thepotentialdamageofelectronicbooks

Passage2

OneofthedeepestteachingsofConfuciusmayhavevaluedpersonalexemplificationaboveclearlyexpressedrulesofbehavior.Hismoralteachingsemphasizedself-cultivation（培养）,imitation:

ofmoralexemplars,andtheattainmentofskilledjudgmentratherthanknowledgeofrules.Histeachingsrarelyrelyonreasonedargument,andmoralidealsandmethodsareconveyedindirectly.Histeachingsrequireexaminationandcontexttobeunderstood.Agoodexampleisfoundinthisfamousanecdote:

廄焚。

子退朝,曰:

“傷人乎？

”不問馬。

Whenthestableswereburntdown,onreturningfromcourtConfuciussaid,“Wasanyonehurt?

”Hedidnotaskaboutthehorses.

X.11（tr.Waley）,10-13（tr.Legge）,orX-17（tr.Lau）

Bynotaskingaboutthehorses,Confuciusdemonstratesthatthesage（圣人）valueshumanbeingsoverproperty,butnotdirectly;readersareledtoreflectonwhethertheirresponsewouldfollowConfucius’sandtopursueself-improvementifitwouldnothave.Confucius,asanexemplarofhumanexcellence,servesnotasanall-powerfuldeity（神人）orauniversallytruesetofabstractprinciples,butratherthebestmodelforothers.Forthesereasons,accordingtomanycommentators,Confucius'steachingsmaybeconsideredaChineseexampleofhumanism.

Oneofhisteachingswasavariant（变体）oftheGoldenRule,sometimescalledthe“SilverRule”owingtoitsnegativeform:

己所不欲,勿施於人。

“Whatyoudonotwishforyourself,donotdotoothers.”

子貢問曰:

“有一言而可以終身行之者乎?

”子曰:

‘‘其恕乎！

己所不欲、勿施於人。

”

ZiGong[adisciple]asked:

“Isthereanyonewordthatcouldguideapersonthroughoutlife?

”

TheMasterreplied:

“Howabout‘reciprocity’!

Neverimposeonotherswhatyouwouldnotchooseforyourself.”

AnalectsXV.24,tr.DavidHinton

OftenoverlookedinConfucianmoralsarethevirtuestotheself:

sincerityandthecultivationofknowledge.Virtuousactiontowardsothersbeginswithvirtuousandsincerethought,whichbeginswithknowledge.Avirtuousnaturewithoutknowledgeislikelytobeinfluencedbycorruption,andvirtuousactionwithoutsincerityisnottruerighteousness（正义）.Cultivatingknowledgeandsincerityisalsoimportantforone’sownsake;thesuperiorpersonloveslearningforthesakeoflearningandrighteousnessforthesakeofrighteousness.

1.ThehorseexampleinthefirstparagraphistoshowthatConfucius____________.

A.paidmuchattentiontomoralteachings

B.meantotherstounderstandhisteachingsbyself-reflection

C.directlydemonstratedhisemphasisonhumanbeings

D.neverinhumanlyforcedotherstodowhathedidn’tliketodo

2.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout?

A.Theimportanceofthevirtuestotheself.

B.Howtodefinethevirtuestotheself.

C.Therelationshipbetweensincerityandknowledge.

D.Whythevirtuesoftheselfareoftenoverlooked.

3.WhichofthefollowingprinciplesofConfuciusismentionedinthispassage?

A.Exampleisbetterthanteaching.

B.Hewhopracticesvirtueswillhaveneighborsandfriends.

C.Keepwhatyousayandcarryoutwhatyoudo.

D.Bynature,menarenearlyalike;bypractice,theygettobewildapart.

Passage3

Twentyyearsago,Idroveataxiforaliving.OnenightIwenttopickupapassengerat2:

30AM.WhenIarrivedtocollect,Ifoundthebuildingwasdarkexceptforasinglelightinagroundfloorwindow.

Iwalkedtothedoorandknocked,“Justaminute,”answeredaweak,elderlyvoice.

Afteralongpause,thedooropened.Asmallwomaninhereightiesstoodbeforeme.Byhersidewasasmallsuitcase.

Itookthesuitcasetothecar,andthenreturnedtohelpthewoman.Shetookmyarmandwewalkedslowlytowardthecar.

Shekeptthankingmeformykindness.“It'snothing,”Itoldher.“IjusttrytotreatmypassengersthewayIwouldwantmymothertreated.”

“Oh,you'resuchagoodman.”Shesaid.Whenwegotintothetaxi,shegavemeanaddress,andthenasked,“Couldyoudrivethroughdowntown?

”

“It'snottheshortestway,”Iansweredquickly.

“Oh,I'minnohurry,”shesaid.“I'monmywaytoahospice（临终医院）.Idon'thaveanyfamilyleft.ThedoctorsaysIdon'thaveverylong.”

Iquietlyreachedoverandshutoffthemeter（计价器）.

Forthenexttwohours,wedrovethroughthecity.Sheshowedmethebuildingwhereshehadonceworked,theneighborhoodwhereshehadlived,andthefurnituresho