英语四级考试阅读真题及.docx

英语四级考试阅读真题及.docx

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英语四级考试阅读真题及

2021年12月英语四级考试阅读真题及答案

2021年12月英语四级考试阅读真题及答案

PartIIIReadingComprehension（40minutes）SectionA

Directions：

Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Fordecades,AmericanshavetakenforgrantedtheXXXX

developmentofnewtechnologies.Theinnovations（创新）XXXXopmentduringWorldWarIIandafterwardswere（36）_____totheprosperityofthenationinthesecondhalfofthe20thcentury.Thoseinnovations,uponwhichvirtuallyallaspectsof（37）_____societynowdepend,werepossiblebecausetheUnitedStatesthen（38）_____theworldinmathematicsandscienceeducation.Today,however,despiteincreasingdemand

forworkerswithstrongskillsinmathematicsandscience,the（39）_____ofdegreesawardedinscience,math,and

engineeringaredecreasing.ThedeelingindegreeproductioninwhatarecalledtheSTEMdisciplines（science,technology,engineering,andmath.）seemstobe（40）_____relatedtothe

comparativelyweakperformancebyU.S.schoolchildrenoninternationalassessmentsofmathandscience.Manystudentsenteringcollegehaveweakskillsinmathematics.Accordingtothe2005reportoftheBusinessHigherEducationForum,22

percentofcollegefreshmenmusttakeremediat（补习

的）math（41）_____,andlessthanhalfofthestudentswhoplantomajorinscienceorengineering（42）_____completeamajorinthosefields.

TheresulthasbeenadecreaseinthenumberofAmericancollegegraduateswhohavetheskills,（43）_____in

mathematics,topoweraworkforcethatcankeepthecountry

attheforefront（前言）ofinnovationandmaintainitsstandardofliving.Withthe（44）_____performanceofAmericanstudents

inmathandsciencehascomeincreasedcompetitionfromstudentsfromothercountriesthathavestronglysupportededucationintheseareas.Manymorestudentsearn（45）_____in

theSTEMdisciplinesindevelopingcountriesthanintheUnitedStates.

SectionB

Directions：

Inthissection，youaregoingtoreada

passagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.Bansugarydrinksthatwilladdfueltotheobesitywar

[A]OnatrainlastThursday,Isatoppositeamanwhowassofathefilledmorethanoneseat.Hewaspaleand

disfiguredandlookedsicktodeath,whichheprobablywasobesity（肥胖的）leadstomanynastywaysofdying.Lookingaroundthecarriage,Isawquiteafewpeoplelikehim,includingacoupleoffattychildrenwithswollencheckspressingagainsttheireyes.Thesepeoplearepartofwhatiswithoutexaggerationanepidemic（流行病）ofobesity.

：

[B]Butitisquiteunnecessary：

thereisasimpleidea-

farfromnew-thatcouldsparemillionsofsuchpeoplea

lifetimeofchronic（长期的）illhealth,andatthesametime

savetheNationalHealthService（NHS）atleast￡14billiona

yearinEnglandandWales.Therewould,youmightthink,be

considerablepublicinterestinit.Thissimpleideaisthat

sugarisasgood-orasbad-aspoisonandshouldbeavoided.Itispure,whiteanddeadly,asProfessorJohnYudkindescribedit40yearsagoinarevolutionarybookofthatname.ThesubtitlewasHowSugarIsKillingUs.

[C]Initscountlesshiddenforms,inreadymeals,junk

foodandsweetdrinks,sugarleadstoaddiction（瘾）,to

hormonalupsetstotheappetite,tometabolic（新陈代谢

的）malfunctionsandobesityandfromtheretotype2diabetes（糖尿病）anditsmanyhorriblecomplication.Ifpeoplereallygraspedthat,theywouldtrytokickthehabit,

particularlyasBritainisthe―fatmanofEurope‖.They

mightevenfeeldriventosupportgovernmentmeasurestopreventpeoplefromconsumingthisdeadlystuff.Yetsofarthisideahasmetlittlebutresistance.

[D]Itisnotdifficulttoimaginethevested

interests（既得利益集团）linedupagainstanysugarcontrol-allthefoodanddrinkmanufacturers,processors,promotersandretailerswhomakesucheasypickingsoutofthemagicpowersofsugar.Thentherearetheliberals,withwhomIwouldnormallyside,whoprotestthatgovernmentregulationwouldbeyetanotherinstanceofinterferenceinourlives.

[E]Thatistrue,butpeopleshouldrealizethatyou

cannothaveawelfarestatewithoutanannystate（保姆国家

tosomedegree.Ifwearealltoberesponsibleforone

another’shealthinsurance,throughsocializedmedicine,

thenweareallcloselyinvolvedinoneanother’shealth,

）,

includingeveryone’seatinganddrinking.Thathasalreadybeenadmitted,finally,withsmoking.Butithasyettobeadmittedwithovereating,eventhoughoneinfouradultsin

thiscountryisobeseandthatnumberispredictedtodoublebytheyear2050.Quiteapartfromanythingelse,obesitywillcrippletheNHS.

[F]Recently,though,therehavebeensignsthatthemedicalestablishmentistryingtosoundthealarm.Last

monththeAcademyofMedicalRoyalColleges（AMRC）publishedareportsayingthatobesityisthegreatestpublichealth

issueaffectingtheUKandurginggovernmenttodosomething.

[G]Thereportoffers10recommendations,ofwhichthe

firstisimposingataxof20percentonsugarydrinksforatleastayear,ontopoftheexisting20percentvalue-addedtax.Thatatleastwouldbeanexcellentstart.Theamountsofsugarinsoftdrinksarehorrifying,andturnstraightto

fat.AsProfessorTerenceStephenson,headoftheAMRC,has

said,sugarysoftdrinksare―theultimatebadfood.Youare

justconsumingneatsugar.Yourbodydidn’tevolvetohan

thiskindofthing.‖

dle

[H]Precisely.Therisksofeatingtoomuchfator

salt（whichareverydifferent）paleintoinsignificant

comparedwiththeharmdonebysugar.Anditiseverywhere.

[I]Itisdifficulttobuyanythinginasupermarket,otherthanplain,unpreparedmeat,fishorvegetables,thatdoesn’thavealargeamountofsugarinit.Thishascomeaboutbecausetheprevailingscientificviewsofthe1960sand1970signoredtheevidenceaboutsugar,andinsteadsawfatasthereallyseriousrisk,bothtotheheartandotherorgans,aswellasthecauseofobesity.

[J]Thefashionwastoavoidfat.Butfindingthatfoodwithmuchofitsfatremovedisnotveryappetizing,foodproducersturnedtosugarasamagicalternativeflavor

enhancer,oftenintheformsofsyrups（糖浆）thathadrecentlybeendevelopedfromcorn,andputitgenerouslyintomostpreparedfoodsandsoftdrinks.

[K]Thisstuffisnotjustfattening.Itisaddictive.It

interfereswiththebody’smetabolism,possiblyviathe

activityofanappetite-controllinghormone.There’splentyofevidenceforthis,forthosewhowillacceptthetruth.

[L]Theoretically,peopleoughttomake―healthy

choices‖andavoidovereating.Butsugaradditivesarenoteasytoidentifyandarehardtoavoid.Sothesnacking,over-drinkingandovereatingthatmakespeoplefatisnot

reallytheirownfault：

obesityisinlargepartsomethingthatisbeingdonetothem.Itshouldbestopped,orrather

thegovernmentshouldstopit.

[M]Goingroundmylocalsupermarket,Iamconstantlyastonishedthatitisstilllegaltosellallthepoisonsstackedhighontheshelves.Theproblemisthattheyareworsethanuseless.Theyarepoisonous.Theyareknowntobeaddictive.Theyareknowntomakepeopleobese.Andgivingsmallchildrensweetdrinksorbottlesoffakejuicealldaylongisnothinglessthanchildabuse.

[N]Clearly,thesaleofsuchstuffoughttobeillegal.Ihatetothinkofyetmoregovernmentregulation.Butabitoftaxonsweetsodaandalittlemorehealtheducation,abit

ofcookinginschoolsandbanningvendingmachines（

机）hereandthere—assuggestedtrytheAMRCreport

自动售货

—is

notgoingtoachieveverymuch.Labellingisquiteinadequate.Whatisneededislegislationbanninghighlevelsofsugarysyrupsusedinfoodsanddrinks.

[O]InJune2021,thethenministerforpublichealthsaidthegovernmentwasnotscaredofthefoodindustryandhadnotruledoutlegislation,becauseofthecostsofobesitytotheNHS.However,nothinghashappenedyet.WhynothaveanotherJammieDodgerbiscuitandforgetaboutit.

46、Avoidingover-consumptionofsugarcanimprove

people’shealthaswellassavemedicalexpenses.47、Laws

shouldbepassedtomakeitillegaltoproduceoverlysweet

foodsordrinks.48、Givingsmallchildrensweetjuicesto

drinkallthetimeisequaltochildabuse.59、Looking

around,theauthorfoundobesityquitewidespread.

50、Thenumberofobesepeopleisexpectedtoincreasequicklyinthenextfewdecades.

51、Ifpeoplereallyunderstoodthehorribleconsequencesofsugaryfoodsanddrinks,theywouldsupportgovernmentmeasuresagainstsugarconsumption.

52、Itwouldbeaverygoodbeginningwoimproveanadditionaltaxonsugarydrinks.

53、Thegovernmenthasnotyettakenanyactiontoregulatesugarconsumptionalthoughitindicateditsintentiontodososometimeago.

54、Sugarisfarmoreharmfultohealththanfatandsalt.

55、Consumersofsweetfoodsarenotreallytoblamebecausetheycannottellwhatfoodissugary.

SectionC

Directions：

Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysome