中考英语语法详解丨宾语从句定语从句状语从句.docx
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中考英语语法详解丨宾语从句定语从句状语从句
中考英语语法详解丨宾语从句/定语从句/状语从句
宾语从句
一、定义
在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。
二、连接词
that:
Ithinkthatyoucanpasstheexam.
Whether/if:
Idon’tknowwhatthewordmeans.
“Wh”:
Idon’tknowwhatthewordmeans.
Idon’tknowwherehefoundthebook.
只用whether的情况：
1.与ornot连用：
Idon’tknowwhetherit’srainingornot.
2.与动词不定式连用：
Hedoesn’tknowwhethertoaccepttheinvitation.
3.连接词前有介词时：
Itdependsonwhetherheiscoming.
三、时态
1.主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定（各种时态均可）
Shewantstoknowwhathehasdonefortheexam.
2.主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。
1）Shesaidthatshewasastudent.
2）ShesaidthatshewouldflytoJapaninaweek.
3）Shesaidthatshehadfinishedherhomeworkalready.
3.如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。
Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.
定语从句
一、定义
在复合句中修饰名词、代词的从句叫定语从句。
二、先行词
先行词指人who/that
先行词指物which/that
定语从句一般紧跟被修饰的名词或代词（即先行词）后
三、关系代词
关系代词代替先行词在句子中担当成分，所以从句中不可再出现其他代替先行词的代词
四、翻译方法“….的”
Whom:
先行词指人，则代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语（包括介词的宾语）,与who的区别是如果前面带介词则必须用whom
1.Thisistheteacherwhomwhowelikebest.
2.Idon’tliketheboytowhomyouaretalking.
Whose:
指人或物，作定语，表示“…的”
eg:
Harryistheboywhosemotherisourmathteacher.
关系代词只能that的特殊情况：
1.先行词前有序数词修饰时：
Thisisthefirstgiftthatmyparentsboughtme.
2.先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时：
ThisisthemostexcitingfilmthatIhaveeverseen.
3.先行词是不定代词something,anything等时.
e.g.Isthereanythingthatyouwantinthisshop
4.先行词是人和物时,用that.
e.g.Hetalkedaboutsomewritersandbooksthatwereunknowntousall.
5.先行词被all,little,theonly,thevery（就是，正是）,thelast等词修饰时,只能用that
e.g.ThisisthelastplacethatIwanttovisit.
6.特殊疑问句以who或which开头，只能用that引导.
Whoisthegirlthatismakingaspeechontheplatform?
当关系代词前使用介词时：
物+介词+which;人+介词+whom
当关系代词前使用介词时：
e.g.1.ThisisthetrainbywhichwewenttoBeijing.
2.Thisistheteachertowhommymotheristalking.
状语从句
一、定义
在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动词）、定语或状语，或是整个句子。
二、状语从句一般分为八大类
时间状语从句地点状语从句
原因状语从句目的状语从句
结果状语从句条件状语从句
方式状语从句让步状语从句
1.时间状语从句
When ---当……时候,通常指某一特定的时间点，主句与从句的动作同时发生。
WhenIopenedthewindow,Isawhimcomeup.
When ---正在……的时候，突然…。
通常主句是进行时或beaboutto时，在翻译的时候，when可以译成没想到或突然。
Iwaswalkingalongthestreet,whenImethim.
When当从句是进行时，主句是一般时，往往表示不满。
SomeoneknockedatthedoorwhenIwashavingbreakfast.
When=after
Whenthechildrenhadgonetobed,shebegantoprepareherlessons.
While ---在……期间，往往指一段时间。
WhilewewereinAmerica,wesawhimtwice.
While ---表示一种不满情绪，意思是这边在干某种重要的事，而另一边在享受等。
Wearecleaningtheclassroomwhiletheyareplayingthefootball.
As ---一边……一边,随着
Shewasdoingherhomeworkasshewaslisteningtothemusic.
As ---当……时，指一个动作紧接着一个动作发生，从句通常用进行时。
AsIwasgoingout,itbegantorain.
Themoment ---一……就……=assoonas,immediately,
---DidyouremembertogiveMarythemoneyyouowedher?
---Yes,IgaveherthemomentIsawher.
Not…until ---直到……才
Hedidn’tleavetheofficeuntilhefinishedthework.
Before ---在……之前
Thepassengersshouldarriveattheairportanhourbeforetheflightdeparts.
After ---在……之后
Thecustomerlefttheticketcounterafterhehadaquarrelwiththeticketagent.
Since ---自从……,通常主句用现在完成时
IhaveneverbeenthereagainsinceIgraduatedfromtheuniversity.
Itisjustaweeksincewearrivedhere.
Assoonas ---一……就……
Jackwenttoschoolassoonashegotwell.
Nosoonerthan ---一……就……
nosooner…than…用于句首要求倒装
Hardly…when…
Scarcely…when…
Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanhewentawayagain.
Once ---一但……就……
Onceyouseehim,youwillneverforgethim.
Everytime,eachtime 每次whenever 每当
Eachtimehecametotown,hewouldvisitourschool
2.条件状语从句
引导状语从句的连接词有：
If如果,unless除非,aslongas只要,As（so）faras---据……所知，incase万一,providedthat假如,onconditionthat若是，以…为条件
If ---如果
Ifyoudon’thurryup,youwillmisstheplane.
Unless ---如果不,除非=ifnot
Wecan’tgetthereontimeunlesswebooktheearliestflight
Aslongas ---只要
Wewillsucceedaslongaswekeepontrying.
As（so）faras ---据……所知
AsfarasIknow,hespeaksEnglishverywell.
Incase ---假使,如果
Theplanecannottakeoffincaseitrains.
Providedthat 如果,有时省略that
Theplanewillbeingoodconditionprovidedthatitistakencareofcarefully.
Onconditionthat ---条件是…
Hesaidthathewouldcometothemeetingonconditionthatnooneaskedhimtospeak.
注:
主从句的动作发生在将来时，则主句用将来时,从句用一般现在时。
Ifhearrivestomorrow,Iwillbewaitingforhimattheairport
3.地点状语从句
地点状语从句只有两个连词:
Where,wherever
Where ---在……地方
Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.
Wherever ---无论哪里
Whereveryouare,Iwillberighttherewaitingforyou.
4.原因状语从句
because,as,since,nowthat,和consideringthat,seeingthat这六个连词都用于表示表示原因,但在语气上一个比一个弱.
Because ---因为,通常从句放在主句后.
MrSmithwasveryupsetbecausehecouldn’tfindhisluggage.
As ---因为,通常放在句首
Asheishonestandmodest,allhisfriendslikehim.
Since ---既然因语气较弱,常译为既然（众所周知的原因）
Sinceeverybodyhascome,wecansetoff.
Nowthat ---既然
Nowthatyouarehere,youcanjoinus.
consideringthat ---顾及到
Consideringthattheyarejustbeginners,theyaredoingquiteagoodjob.
seeingthat ---由于
Seeing（that）quiteafewpeoplewereabsent,wedecidedtoputthemeetingoff.
5.结果状语从句
引导结果状语从句的连词有：
that,sothat,so…that…
such…thatSo…that ---太……以至于so后面应用形容词或副词,有时省略so只用that
Boeing747issolargethatpeopleliketocallitjetbomb喷气炸弹.
Sothat ---因而，以便，为了有时so可以省去
Speaklouderpleasesothatthepeopleatthebackcanhearyou.
Such…that… ---太……以至于用法与so…that相同，但such后面应用名词。
Theforeignvisitorwassuchafastspeakerthatnobodycouldunderstandhim.
6.目的状语从句
引导目的状语从句的主要连词有:
that,sothat,inorderthat,forfearthat,lest
（So）that ---以便,从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如：
can,could,may,might,should等
Let’stakethefrontseats（so）thatwemayseemoreclearly.
inorderthat ---为了,与sothat相同从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如：
can,could,may,might,should等
Schoolwasclosedearlyinorderthatthechildrenmightgohomeaheadofthestorm.
forfearthat ---生怕;为了防止（某事发生）
Hetookthenamedownforfearthatheshouldforgetit.
incase ---万一
Youshouldbringadictionaryincaseyouneedit.
Lest ---以防万一
Themandecidedtotellhisbossthefactlesthewouldbeangrywithhim.
7.让步状语从句
引导让步状语从句的连词有：
Although,though,as,evenif,eventhough,nomatter,however,whatever,while,whether.
Although,though ---虽然although和though可以互换，但although常放在句首。
Though可以用于倒装。
Althoughitwasraining,theplanemanagedtotakeoff.
Thoughhedidhisbest,hedidn’tsucceed.
As ---尽管as引导让步状语从句时，句子通常倒装。
可与though互换。
Busyasheis,henevermissesafootballmatch.
Evenif/eventhough ---即使
Evenifyoudon’tlikeyourboss,youshoulddoyourwork.
However ---不论，however引导让步状语从句时，句子通常倒装
Hecouldn’tgetthereontimehoweverfasthedrove.
Nomatter（what,when,where,how） ---无论（什么，何时，何地，怎样）
Hewouldn’tforgivemenomatterhowhardIbeggedhim.
Whatever ---不管
Whateverotherpeoplemaysay,shewon’tchangehermind.
While ---尽管
WhileIhavesympathyforyou,Ican’thelpyou.
Whether ---不管，常与ornot连用
Whetherheisgoodornot,thecompanydecidedtosendhimabroad.
8.方式状语从句
方式状语从句常由:
as,asif,asthough
as ---与……一样
DoinRomeastheRomansdo.
asif,asthough ---仿佛,由asif或asthough引导的从句中可用虚拟语气
Shestoodatthedoorasif（=asthough）shewerewaitingforsomeone.
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