欧洲文化入门复习资料.docx

欧洲文化入门复习资料.docx

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欧洲文化入门复习资料

《欧洲文化入门》复习题

（一）

DivisionOne：

GreekCultureandRomanCulture

第一部分:

古希腊和古罗马文化

GreekCulture

古希腊文化

I.填空

1.Europeancultureismadeupofmanyelements要素,twooftheseelementsareconsideredtobemoreenduring持久的andtheyaretheGreco-Roman希腊罗马式的elementandtheJudeo-Christia犹太教与基督教所共有的element.

2.Greekculturereachedahighpointofdevelopmentinthe5thcentury.

3.Inthesecondhalfofthe4thcenturyB.C.公元前4世纪的后期,allGreecewasbroughtundertheruleofAlexander亚历山大,kingofMacedon.马其顿王国

4.In146B.C.theRomansconquered攻克Greece.

5.Greekculturereachedahighpointofdevelopmentinthe5thcentury.

6.Revivedin1896,theOlympicGameshavebecometheworld’sforemostamateursportscompetition.奥运会由1896年恢复。

7.AncientGreeksconsideredHomer荷马tobetheauthoroftheirepics史诗.

8.TheIliad伊利亚特（荷马所著）dealswiththealliance结盟，同盟ofthestatesofthesouthernmainlandofGreece,ledbyAgamemnon阿伽门农intheirwaragainstthecityofTroy.特洛伊

9.TheOdyssey奥德赛dealswiththereturnofOdysseus奥德赛思aftertheTrojan木马wartohishome,islandofIthaca.伊萨卡

10.Ofthemanylyric抒情诗poetsofancientGreece,twoarestilladmired赞赏byreaderstoday:

Sappho沙孚andPindar.品达

11.SapphowasconsideredthemostimportantlyricpoetofancientGreece.

12.Pindarisbestknownforhisodes颂歌celebrating庆祝thevictories胜利attheathleticgames,suchasthe14Olympicodes.

13.Thethreegreattragic悲剧dramatists剧作家ofancientGreeceareAeschylus埃斯库罗斯,Sophocles索福克勒斯,andEuripides欧里庇德斯.

14.Aeschylus埃斯库罗斯wrotesuchplaysasPrometheusBound被俘的普罗米修斯,PersiansandAgamemnon阿伽门农.

15.Sophocles索福克勒斯wrotesuchtragicplaysasOedipustheKing俄狄浦斯王,Electra伊莱克特拉,andAntigone.安提戈涅

16.Euripides欧里庇德斯wrotemainlyaboutwomeninsuchplaysasAndromache安德洛玛克,Medea麦迪,andTrojanWomen特洛伊女人.

17.Comedy喜剧alsoflourished繁荣inthe5thcenturyB.C..ItsbestwriterwasAristophanes阿里斯托芬,whohasleftelevenplays,includingFrogs,Clouds,WaspsandBirds.

18.Herodotus希罗多德isoftencalled“FatherofHistory”.HewroteaboutthewarsbetweenGreeksandPersians波斯.

19.Thucydides修昔底徳describedthewarbetweenAthens雅典andSparta斯巴达andbetweenAthens雅典andSyracuse锡拉库扎,aGreekstateontheIslandofSicily西西里岛.

20.Pythagoras毕达哥拉斯wasaboldthinkerwhohadtheideathatallthingswerenumbers.

21.Pythagoras毕达哥拉斯wasthefounderofscientificmathematics.

22.Heracleituebelievedfiretotheprimaryelementoftheuniverse,outofwhicheverythingelsehadarisen出现.

23.ThegreatestnamesinEuropeanphilosophy哲学areSocrates苏格拉底,Plato柏拉图andAristotle亚里士多德.

24.Democritus德谟克里特斯wasoneoftheearliestphilosophical哲学的materialists唯物主义者andspeculated推测abouttheatomic原子的structure结构ofmatter事件.

25.Inthe4thcenturyB.C.,fourschoolsofphilosophers哲学家oftenarguedwitheachother,theyaretheCynics讽刺者,theSceptics多疑者,theEpicureans享乐者,andtheStoics禁欲主义者.

26.Euclid欧几里得iswell-knownforhisElements原理,atextbookofgeometry几何学.

27.Toillustrate说明theprinciple原理ofthelevel水平,Archimedes阿基米德issaidtohavetoldtheking:

“Givemeaplacetostand,andIwillmovetheworld.”给我一个支点，我可以撬动地球。

28.Greek希腊architecture建筑风格canbegrouped集合intothreestyles:

theDoric多利安式stylewhichisalsocalledthemasculine男性的style;theIonic艾奥尼亚式stylewhichisalsocalledthefemininestyle;andalaterstylethatiscalledtheCorinthian科林斯式style.

29.TheAcropolisatAthens雅典卫城andtheParthenon帕台农神殿arethefinestmonument纪念碑ofGreekarchitectureandsculpture雕塑inmorethan2000years.

30.Inthe20thcentury,thereareHomeric荷马的parallels平行intheIrishman爱尔兰人James詹姆斯Joyce’smodernist现代主义者masterpiece杰作Ulysses尤利西斯.

II.选择

1.Whichculturereachedahighpointofdevelopmentinthe5thcenturyB.C.?

哪个文化在公元前5世纪达到鼎盛？

A.GreekCulture古希腊文化

B.RomanCulture

C.Egyptian埃及的Culture

D.ChineseCulture

2.In___________theRomanconquered攻克Greece.

A.1200B.C.

B.700B.C.

C.146B.C.

D.The5thcentury

3.WhichofthefollowingworksdescribedthewarledbyAgamemnon阿伽门农againstthecityofTroy特洛伊?

A.OedipustheKing俄狄浦斯王

B.Iliad<伊利亚特>（古希腊描写特洛伊战争的英雄史诗，相传为荷马所作）

C.Odyssey奥德赛

D.Antigone<希神>安提歌尼（底比斯王俄狄普斯之女，因违抗禁令而自杀身亡）

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheplayswrittenbyAeschylus?

埃斯库罗斯

A.Antigone<希神>安提歌尼（底比斯王俄狄普斯之女，因违抗禁令而自杀身亡）

B.Agamemnon阿伽门农

C.Persians波斯人

D.PrometheusBound被缚的普罗米修斯

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheplayswrittenbySophocles索福克勒斯?

A.Electra伊莱克特拉

B.Antigone

C.TrojanWoman特洛伊女人

D.OedipustheKing

6.WhichofthefollowingistheplaywrittenbyEuripides欧里庇得斯（希腊的悲剧诗人）?

A.Antigone

B.Persians

C.Electra

D.Medea美狄亚（希腊神话中科尔喀斯国王之女，以巫术著称，曾帮助过伊阿宋取得金羊毛）

7.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthegreatesttragicdramatist悲剧作家ofancientGreece?

A.Aristophanes阿里斯托芬（雅典剧作家，被认为是最伟大的古典讽刺喜剧作家。

B.Euripides

C.Sophocles

D.Aeschylus

8.Whoeversaidthat“Youcannotsteptwiceintothesameriver”?

人不能两次踏入同一次河流

A.Pythagoras毕达哥拉斯（580？

-500？

BC,古希腊哲学家，数学家）

B.Heracleitus赫拉克利特

C.Aristotle亚里斯多德（古希腊大哲学家，科学家）

9.Whowasthefounderofscientificmathematics?

A.Heracleitus

B.Aristotle

C.Socrates苏格拉底古希腊哲学家

D.Pythagoras毕达哥拉斯（580？

-500？

BC,古希腊哲学家，数学家）

10.Whoischiefly第一个notedforhisdoctrine教条that“manisthemeasureofallthings”?

A.Protagoras普罗塔哥拉（约前480-约前410，希腊哲学家）

B.Pythagoras

C.Pyrrhon皮瑞翁

D.Epicurus伊壁鸠鲁（公元前342？

-270，古希腊杰出唯物主义和无神论者）

III.名词解释

1.Aeschylus14页

2.Plato26页

3.TheCynics29页

IV.简答与问答

1.WhatarethemajorelementsinEuropeanculture?

2.WhatwerethemainfeaturesofancientGreeksociety?

3.WhoweretheoutstandingdramatistsofancientGreece?

Whatimportantplaysdideachofthemwrite?

4.TellsomeofPlato’sideas.Whydopeoplecallhimanidealist?

5.GivesomeexamplestoshowtheenormousinfluenceofGreekcultureonEnglishliterature.

RomanCulture

I.填空

1.TheburningofCorinthin146B.C.markedRomanconquestofGreece,whichwasthenreducedtoaprovinceoftheRomanEmpire.

2.TheRomanwriterHoracesaid:

“CaptiveGreecetookherrudeconquerorcaptive”.

3.In27B.C.OctaviustooksupremepowerasemperorwiththetitleofAugustus.

4.TheRomansenjoyedalongperiodofpeacelastingtwohundredyears,aremarkablephenomenoninhistoryknownasthePaxRomana.

5.Inthe4thcentury,theemperorConstantinemovedthecapitalfromRometoByzantium,renameditConstantinople（modernIstanbul）.

6.In476thelastemperorofthewestwasdeposedbytheCothsandmarkedtheendoftheWestRomanEmpire.

7.TheEastRomanEmpirecollapsedwhenConstantinoplefelltotheTurksin1453.

8.JuliusCaesarrecordedwhathedidandsawinthevariousmilitarycampaignshetookpartinandthesewritings,collectedinhisCommentaries,aremodelsofsuccinctLatin.

9.VirgilwasthegreatestofLatinpoetsandwrotethegreatepic,theAeneid.

10.ThePantheonisthegreatestandthebestpreservedRomantemple,whichwasbuiltin27B.C.Andreconstructedinthe2thcenturyA.D..

11.She-wolfisthestatuewhichillustratesthelegendofcreationofRoman.

II.选择

1.Whowrote,“Icame,Isaw,Iconquered”?

我来了，我看了，我征服（凯撒大帝语）

A.Horace贺瑞斯

B.JuliusCaesar凯撒

C.Virgil（=Vergil）维吉尔（古罗马诗人，公元前70-公元前19）

D.MarcusTulliusCicero马库斯·图里乌斯·西塞罗（古罗马思想家）

2.Theauthorofthephilosophical哲学上的poemOntheNatureofthingsis___________.

A.Virgil

B.JuliusCaesar

C.Horace

D.Lucretius卢克莱修（男子名；Carus,前99？

-前55，罗马哲学家、诗人）

3.WhichofthefollowingisnotRomanarchitecture罗马式建筑?

A.TheColosseum罗马圆形大剧场（建于公元80年，耗时5年，至今大部分尚存）

B.ThePanthenon（古希腊、罗马供奉众神的）万神殿（罗马一圆顶庙宇，建于公元120-124）

C.TheParthenon帕台农神殿

D.PontduGard加德桥

4.Whowrote,“CaptiveGreecetookherrudeconquerorcaptive”?

古罗马诗人贺马斯曾说：

“被征服的希腊征服了它的征服者”。

A.Sappho莎孚公元前6世纪前后的希腊女诗人

B.Plato柏拉图

C.Virgil

D.Horace贺马斯

III.名词解释

1.JuliusCaesar

2.ThePaxRomana

IV.简答与问答

1.WhatdidtheRomanshaveincommonwiththeGreeks?

Andwhatwasthechiefdifferencebetweenthem?

2.WhatisthebookforwhichVirgilhasbeenfamousthroughoutthecenturies?

InwhatwayisthebooklinkedwiththeGreekpast?

3.WhydowesayAeneasisatrulytragichero?

DivisionTwo:

TheBibleandChristianity

TheOldTestament

Ⅰ填空题

1.Amongallthereligionsbywhichpeopleseektoworship,ChristianityisbyfarthemostinfluentialintheWest.

2.BothJudaismandChristianityoriginatedinPalestinethehubofmigrationandtraderoutes,whichledtoexchangeofideasoverwideareas.

3.Some3800yearsagotheancestorsoftheJews–theHebrews–wanderedthroughthedesertsoftheMiddleEast.

4.About1300B.C.,theHebrewscametosettleinPalestine,knownasCanaanatthattime,andformedsmallkingdoms.

5.ThekingoftheHebrewswashandeddownorallyfromonegenerationtoanotherintheformoffolktalesandstories,whichwererecordedlaterintheOldTestament.

6.TheBibleisacollectionofreligiouswritingscomprisingtwoparts:

theOldTestamentandtheNewTestament.

7.TheoldTestamentconsistsof39books,theoldestandmostimportantofwhicharefirstfivebooks,calledPentateuch.

8.WhentheHebrewsleftthedesertandenteredthemountainousSinai,MosesclimbedtothetopofthemountaintoreceivefromGodmessage,whichcametobeknownastheTenCommandments.

9.ChronologicallyAmosistheearliestprophetintheOldTestament.

10.InBabyloninthe6thcenturyB.C.,theHebrews,nowknownasJews,formedsynagoguestopractisetheirreligion.

II选择题

1.Whichofthefollowingisbyfarthemostinfluential最有影响intheWest?

_______

A.Buddism佛教B.Islamism伊斯兰教C.Christianity基督教D.Judaism犹太教

2.TheOldTestament旧约全书consistsof39books,theoldestandmostimportantofwhicharethefirstfivebooks,called__________.

A.Exodus离去B.Commandments戒条C.Amos阿摩司D.Pentaeuch摩西五书

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthec